Browsing by Author "Olatunji, G.A"

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    Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and chemical composition of fractions of ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaf.
    (Ruhuna Journal of Science. University of Ruhuna, 2020) Nwaehujor, I.U; Olatunji, G.A; Fabiyi, O.A; Akande, S.A
    Serious health challenges have been associated with inflammation which is a major cause of mortality in the world. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential, and chemical compositions of fractions of ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaf. The leaves were dried at room temperature, blended and extracted in sequential with solvents of varying degree of polarities, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Ethanol extract was fractionated via solvent-solvent partitioning into five fractions, i.e., n-hexane fraction (F1), dichloromethane fraction (F2), dichloromethane/ methanol (1:1) fraction (F3), methanol fraction (F4), and ethanol fraction (F5). These fractions were examined for their in-vitro antioxidant activities on DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 while the antiinflammatory activities were investigated using lipoxygenase inhibition, proteinase inhibition and membrane stabilization assays. The F4 being the most active fraction was further analyzed with GCMS to determine its chemical compositions. The results showed that F4 had the highest H2O2 scavenging activity at 10–100 µg/mL. The activity of F4 at 50 µg/mL was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of other treatments including the standard (Vitamin C). Activity of F4 also showed significantly higher (P<0.05) membrane stabilization than other fractions at 50-100 µg/mL. F4 exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than the other fractions. The activity of this fraction could be attributed to the synergetic effect of various antioxidant compounds present in the fraction. Some of the bioactive compounds identified in the GC-MS of F4 were coumaran, tyrosol, phytol, tetracosanol, elaidic acid methyl ester and β-sitosterol.
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    Antioxidant and cytotoxicity of β-Amyrin acetate fraction from Bridellia ferruginea Leaves.
    (Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. Published by Elsevier, 2012) Fabiyi, O.A; Atolani, O; Adeyemi, O.S; Olatunji, G.A
    Objective: The objective of this work was to determine the beta-amyrin acetate fraction in leave extract of Bridelia ferruginea and evaluate for its antioxidant and cytotoxicity potentials. Methods: The dried and pulverized leaves of Bridelia ferruginea was extracted with hexane and then with ethyl acetate. The concentrated ethylacetate extract subjected to silica gel column chromatography and eluted with a mixture of equal volume of hexane and dichloromethane afforded two major fractions. The more polar fraction was concentrated and subjected to GCMS analysis which afforded the steroid, 12-Oleanen-3yl acetate commonly known as beta-amyrin acetate (66.14%). Its ability to act as a scavenger of DPPH radical and its cytotoxicity potential based on brine shrimp assay were investigated. Results: The DPPH antioxidant assay revealed that the fraction had a higher antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 158.2毺g/mL relative to gallic acid which had IC50 of 201.1 毺g/mL. The cytotoxicity assay using the brine shrimp a gave LC 50 values of 319 and 5.86 毺g/mL for acute and lethal doses respectively indicating extreme toxicity when compared to reference drug, cyclophosphamide which had LC50 value of 2506 毺 g/mL. Conclusions: Thus, the beta-amyrin acetate has been identified for the first time in the leave of Bridelia ferruginea. The data here suggest that the beta-amyrin acetate fraction of the leave of Bridelia ferruginea could be further explored in biological profiling requiring antioxidant and cytotoxic dependent therapeutics as the plant could be a viable source of antioxidant and cytotoxic agents in cancer chemotherapy in the near future
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    Application of fatty acid esters on Meloidogyne incognita infected Jew’s mallow.
    (Pakistan Journal of Nematology. Pakistan Nematological Society, 2022) Fabiyi, O.A; Baker, M.A; Olatunji, G.A
    Jew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius) is a vegetable of importance in Nigeria which is often times infested with root-knot nematodes (RKNs), thus reducing yield and expected income. Principally, synthetic nematicides are employed in the management of RKNs on agricultural fields. The synthetics are confronted with a web of regulations on account of their unhealty negative effect on humans and the environment. Plant protection is primarily saddled with replacing the synthetics. A promising technique is the application of bio-pesticides. Organic fatty acid esters (FAE) are reassuring materials with nematicidal activities. Medicinal plants are rich source of acid esters, hence Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae) leaves were extracted cold in ethyl acetate. This yielded crude extract that was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel 100-120 mesh grade), which afforded fractions that were analysed with GCMS and FTIR for constituent identification. The result shows octanoic acid; hexanoic acid methyl ester; ethyl octanoate; 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester; dodecanoic acid; octadecanoic acid methyl ester; decanoic acid; octadecanoic acid ethyl ester and tetradecanoic acid as the major components while the infra red spectral diagnostic signals agree with the expected vibrational frequencies corresponding to C-H and carbonyl C=O functional groups of fatty acid and esters. Jew’s mallow plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita on the field were treated with the fatty acid esters (FAE) and compared to deionised water and carbofuran as control in two season trials. There was increase in biomass and vegetative growth with notable reduction in M. incognita reproduction in plants treated with FAE at 0.75 mg/ml in the first and repeat experiments. Juvenile population per gram root and soil were reduced significantly at 0.75 and 0.50 mg/ml of FAE in comparison with control. Late flowering was recorded in the untreated control experiment, while plants treated with FAE flowered notably earlier. Application of FAE is recommended for the sustainable management of M. incognita in Jew’s mallow plants.
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    Application of Green Synthesis in Nano Particles Preparation: Ficus mucoso Extracts in the Management of Meloidogyne incognita Parasitizing Groundnut Arachis hypogea.
    (Indian Journal of Nematology. Indian Nematological Society, 2018) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A
    Silver nano particles with nematicidal properties was synthesised with aqueous extracts of Ficus mucoso bark as reducing agent. The resulting nano particles are characterised using U.V visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nano particles are spherical in shape with 2nm size, which exhibited significant (p=0.05) nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita on groundnut. The highest rate of application (80 mL) was the most effective. Significantly (p=0.05), vegetative growth and fruit weight was enhanced in different degrees with a decrease in nematode population. Ficus mucoso silver nano particles could be efficiently used in Meloidogyne incognita management on groundnut fields
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    Blighia sapida; The Plant and Its Hypoglycins an Overview.
    (Journal of Scientific Research ,Institute of Chemistry, University of The Punjabi Pakistan, 2009) Atolani, O; Olatunji, G.A; Fabiyi, O.A
    Blighia sapida g; family Sapindaceae is a multi purpose medicinal plant popular in the western Africa. It is well known for its food value and its poisonous chemical contents being hypoglycins A& B (unusual amino acids.) The hypoglycin Ais more available in the fruit than hypoglycin B. Hypoglycin A have been used as glucose inhibitor therapy, thereby giving room for the plant to be used for orthodox medicinal purposes in future. Its other therapeutic values have been reported as well. The ingestion of hypoglycin A forms a metabolite called methylenecyclopropane acetyl CoA (MCPACoA) which inhibit several enzymes A dehydrogenases which are essential for gluconeogenesis. This review covers history, description, origin and uses of Blighia sapida with emphasy on the fruit and its associated biologically active component (hypoglycins) and tries to show why the plant can be used as the sources of many potential drugs in treatment of diseases, especially glucose related ones. The mechanism of hypoglycin A metabolism is also explained. The hypoglycin A potential glucosesuppressing activities warranted further studies for the development of new anti-diabetes drugs with improved therapeutic values
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    Chemical characterization, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-toxoplasma gondii and antimicrobial potential of the Citrus sinensis seed oil for sustainable cosmeceutical production.
    (Heliyon Elsevier, 2020) Atolani, O; Adamu, N; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Areh, E.T; Tarigha, D.E; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.A
    There are growing concerns about the chronic and acute effects of synthetic additives such as antibacterial, fragrances, colourants and stabilizing agents used in the production of various household products. Many household products and materials including cosmetic products are reportedly suspected to be carcinogenic with some acting as endocrine disruptors among other effects. Thus, environmental-friendly alternatives such as products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals are becoming consumers' preferred choice especially in the beauty and cosmetic sector. ‘Green’ preparation of medicinal soaps devoid of any synthetic additives was made from underutilized tropical seed of Citrus sinensis seed oil and some natural additives comprising of natural honey, Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract, Moringa oleifera seed oil and coconut oil. Precisely, the seed oil of the underexplored C. sinensis was obtained via soxhlet extraction and saponified with natural lye solution at different ratios to produce soaps of varying characteristics. The incorporation of honey and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract provided additional antimicrobial, antioxidant and fragrance properties. Physico-chemical parameters of the oil and soaps were determined following standard procedures while the fatty acid profile of the trans-esterified oil was determined using GC–MS. The antimicrobial potential of the oil and soaps were assessed using agar diffusion method at concentrations 200 mg/mL and below. Linoleic acid (36%) and oleic acid (27%) were the most prominent in C. sinensis seed oil. The soap had antimicrobial potential comparable to commercial product. The soap samples recorded highest anti-bacteria activities (22.0 1.0–23.0 1.0) against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and notable anti-fungi activities (18.0 1.0) against Penicillium notatum and Candida albicans. Additionally, the oil showed moderate anti-parasite (anit-toxoplasma gondii) activity (EC50 500 μg/mL) but with improved selectivity that precludes oxidative stress while the prepared medicinal soaps exhibited remarkable antioxidant property. The utilization of these locally sourced resources will prevent the daily introduction of synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant chemicals into the environment. The initiative avail a sustainable production of environmentally-benign cosmetic products besides conversion of waste to wealth agrees which aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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    Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-lipooxygenase, antimicrobial, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity of Polyalthia longifolia seed oil.
    (Medicinal Chemistry Research Springer nature, 2019) Atolani, O; Areh, E.T; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Tarigha, D.E; Adamu, N; Adeyemi, O.S; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.A
    This work investigates the chemical compositions of Polyalthia longifolia Thw. seed oil with the associated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity potentials. The oil of P. longifolia seed obtained by soxhlet extraction was trans-esterified and the fatty acid profile characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungi properties of the oil were determine on clinical isolates of the organisms using agar diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activities, cytotoxicity and anti-parasite potential were evaluated using lipooxygenase, mammalian cell and Toxoplasma gondii assays respectively. P. longifolia seed was observed to contain oleic (30.31%), linoleic acid (19.27%) and palmitic acid (15.11%) as the major fatty acids with low proportion of tricosylic acid (6.10) and stearic acid (5.56%). The oil had significant anti-lipooxygenase activity (IC50 = 0.70 ± 0.02 µg/mL) comparable to indomethacin (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.07 µg/mL). The DPPH (IC50 = 55.91 ± 31.18 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 16.89 ± 15.50 µg/mL) antioxidant activity of the oil was lower to the ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.04 and 0.54 ± 0.04 µg/mL). The oil also showed activities against all the tested bacteria and fungi. The highest inhibition was recorded against S. aureus (17 ± 1 mm) at concentration 200 mg/mL. Further, the oils showed strong potential to restrict growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro, but the parasite growth inhibition was mildly abated in the presence of α- tocopherol. The seed oil of the underutilized P. longifolia possesses essential fatty acids which could be responsible for the numerous biological potentials which include anti-lipooxygenase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The incorporation of the natural oil into pharmaceuticals or cosmetics may enhance antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential of such products.
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    Effect of Bromination and Oxidation on the Nematicidal Potential of Orange Peel Oil Using Pratylenchus penetrans Infecting Maize.
    (Pakistan Journal of Nematology. Pakistan Nematological Society, 2014) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Aramide, A.T
    Study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxidation and bromination of fresh and decomposed orange peels on the nematicidal potential of orange peel oil against Pratylenchus penetrans. Results showed that the oxidised/brominated orange peel oils were significantly effective at (p ≤ 0.05) than ordinary orange peel oils and compared with the standard mocap. The decomposed orange peel oil was effective than the fresh peel oil and showed 51.42% mortality as compared to 39.38% after 24 hrs. Plants received brominated/oxidised oils were taller with better yields than untreated and nematode infested plots in the field. The GC/MS result indicated that the major constituents of the orange peel oils were limonene, octanal and citroneloll.
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    ). Effect of thermal degraded products of Cymbopogon citratus on the in vitro survival of Meloidogyne incognita eggs and juveniles.
    (Ceylon Journal of Science. University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., 2018) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Adebayo, M.O; Atolani, O
    The products of thermally-degraded Cymbopogon citratus were evaluated for nematicidal activity as an alternative of toxic synthetics. The products exhibited moderate nematicidal activity, but not as significantly (p<0.05) effective as carbofuran, a synthetic nematicide. Thermally degraded products of fresh Cymbopogon citratus (CMGC/th/fresh) was the most promising at 90 mg/mL and could be used in place of the toxic synthetic nematicide
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    Efficacy of Agricultural Wastes in the Control of Rice Cyst Nematode (Heterodera sacchari).
    (Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. University of Zagreb, 2018) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Osunlola, O.S; Umar, K.A
    Rice cultivation is endangered by plant parasitic nematodes. Rice cyst nematode (Heterodera sacchari Luc & Merni, 1963) is one of the nematode pests which affect the quantity and quality of rice. The use of synthetic nematicide has reduced considerably yield losses incurred by H. sacchari infestation; this achievement is associated with environmental damage and occurrence of pesticide residue in food. In an effort to redeem the environment, development of alternatives to conventional nematicide is imperative. Agricultural wastes are renewable source of bio-pesticides if properly processed. The objectives of this research were: to hydrolyze pentoses and convert it to furfural in agricultural wastes; to determine the amount of furfural in 100, 150 and 200 g of agricultural waste; to incorporate the agricultural waste material into the soil as soil amendment; to determine how much furfural was released in the process of acidic/ enzymatic hydrolysis of the biomaterial, and to determine the nematicidal effect of furfural in control of rice cyst nematode. Corn cobs (CNCB), rice husks (RCEH) and sorghum husks (SGMH) were digested for furfural production in place of synthetic nematicide carbofuran (CBFN) options in the management of rice cyst nematode. The quantity of furfural in 100, 150 and 200 g of each waste was determined, and the agricultural wastes were applied as soil admixes. The sorghum husk (SGMH) produced the highest furfural amount (0.796). At quantity of 200 g SGMH was significantly (p=0.05) better than all other treatments on plant height, number of tillers and rice yield. There was no significant difference of the effect of rate of application (level) on final cyst count in soil and root. Agricultural wastes, especially sorghum husks, can serve as an alternative to the use of synthetic nematicide. Residual furfural was absent in the agricultural waste after harvest. Furfural is quickly broken down by soil microorganisms under aerobic conditions; hence, it is not toxic to the environment
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    Environmental Sustainability: Bioactivity of Leucaena leucocephala Leaves and Pesticide Residue analysis in Tomato Fruits.
    (Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. Mendel University in Brno, 2021) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A
    Field studies were conducted on the application of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extracts as an alternative to carbofuran a synthetic nematicide, while possible residues of carbofuran in tomato fruits were also analysed. Acetone, methanol and petroleum ether fractions of the leaves of L. leucocephala were applied at 200 mg/mL in variants of 100 mL, 150 mL and 200 mL to a naturally nematode infested field. Comparison was made with carbofuran a synthetic insecticide and nematicide. Samples of tomato fruits from carbofuran treated and untreated beds were extracted with ethyl acetate for residual pesticide analysis to ascertain the exceedance of the maximum residue limit (MRL). Results revealed that pesticide residue was significantly (p = 0.05) higher in plots treated with carbofuran compared with standard MRL for carbofuran in tomatoes. Crude extracts of L. leucocephala were as effective as carbofuran, while the fraction was however significantly better in producing higher numbers of fruits and reduced nematode population in root and soil of tomato plants
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    Evaluation of the in vitro Response of Meloidogyne incognita to silver nano particle liquid from Agricultural wastes.
    (Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Sciences Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, 2021) Fabiyi, O.A; Claudius-Cole, A.O; Olatunji, G.A; Abubakar, D.O; Adejumo, A.O
    Plant-parasitic nematodes attack is an important problem on crop production worldwide. Meloidogyne javanica is a potentially damaging pest of several crops. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of supernatant liquid from the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with agricultural wastes on the survival and hatching of Meloidogyne javanica juveniles and eggs. The experiment consisted of five treatments (carbofuran, corn cobs, rice husk, guinea corn chaff, and a distilled water control) at three concentrations of 10, 20, and 30%. Each was repeated three points in a complete randomized design. Nematicidal bioassay revealed a consequential (p=0.05) decrease in egg hatch rate in 20 and 30% concentrations of the nanoparticle supernatant liquid. Similarly, percentage mortality increased significantly (p=0.05) in the nano supernatant liquid, with the corncob silver nanoparticle having the highest percentage of mortality. These results concluded that the agricultural waste of silver nanoparticle supernatant liquid could be cost-effective and eco-friendly of nematicide
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    Identification of some chemical constituents of the leaves of Alstonia boonei and Bridelia ferruginea
    (Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Science. Selcuk University, 2016) Fabiyi, O.A; Atolani, O; Olatunji, G.A
    This study aims to investigate the phytochemical composition of the leaves of Alstonia boonei and Bridelia ferruginea. The leaves of the two plants were extracted successively with n-hexane and ethyl acetate, concentrated and fractionated over gravity silica gel column chromatography. Some fractions obtained were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS results indicated that the main constituents of the fractions from Alstonia boonei were fatty acid methyl esters, while the main constituents of the fractions from Bridelia ferruginea were fatty acid esters (47.46%) and triterpenoids (43.39%). Each of the fractions has at least one exclusive tetracyclic or pentacyclic triterpenoid present. Friedelan-3-one and clionasterol were present in the Alstonia boonei fractions, while beta-amyrin, lup-20(29)-en-3-one, lupeol, alpha-amyrin acetate and 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,6a, 6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11, 12,12a,14,14a,-octadecahydro-2H-picen-3-one were present in the B. ferruginea fraction. Obviously, B. ferruginea is a reservoir to many pentacyclic triterpenoids. The pentacyclic triterpenoids may be used as a biomarker in the chemo taxonomical classification of the plants whilst acting as relevant contributors to the acclaimed biological benefits of B. ferruginea reported in traditional medical practices. The leaves of the two plants contain many bioactive compounds which may find application in pharmaceutical formulations as well as nutraceuticals and bio-pesticides preparations.
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    In vitro assessment of n-phenyl imides in the management of Meloidogyne incognita.
    (Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica. University of Life Sciences, Prague., 2021) Fabiyi, O.A; Claudius-Cole, A.O; Olatunji, G.A
    The infestation with root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. is a key issue in agriculture. Conventional control methods are based on the use of synthetic nematicides, which comes with severe environmental problems. In this study, n-phenyl imide and n-phenyl phthalamic acid were synthesized and reacted independently with Enantia chlorantha crude extract–manganese chloride complex. The effects of the resulting organic compounds were appraised against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White 1919) juveniles and eggs in two laboratory experiments. The most active compound was n-phenyl phthalamic acid (PN/TLMA) with 4% egg hatch over a 9-day observation after treatment as against distilled water which recorded 100% egg hatch at 9 days after treatment. n-Phenyl phthalamic acid showed 100% juvenile mortality at 10 days of observation compared to carbofuran dissolved in water (CBFN/water) and carbofuran dissolved in hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin (CBFN/HPCD) while no outstanding (P < 0.05) difference was recorded between the effects of other organic compounds and carbofuran in both solvents. The different rates of treatment applications were not appreciably (P<0.05) dissimilar on percentage juvenile mortality and egg hatch. The nematicidal test results indicated that the synthesized imide compounds with manganese complex moiety are a promising basis for developing new nematicidal compounds with less environmental hazard.
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    In-vitro toxicity of essential oils from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit on eggs and second-stage juvenile of Heterodera sacchari.
    (University of Ilorin, 2015) Fabiyi, O.A; Osunlola, O.S; Olatunji, G.A
    The replacement of synthetic nematicides with comparatively more bio-degradable, bio-active plant extracts is desirable. Studies on the nematicidal potential of different extracts of Hyptis suaveolens on the eggs and second stage juveniles of sugarcane nematode, Heterodera sacchari was conducted. Leaves of H. suaveolens were hydro distilled to extract the essential oil. A second set of the leaves were extracted separately in dichloromethane (DCM) and in water. Essential oil (EO) obtained was analyzed using Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The essential oil was tested in-vitro along with other extracts on the eggs and second stage juveniles of H. sacchari. The fractions were significantly (p<0.05) effective in inducing mortality. Bioactivity was highest at a concentration of 20mg/mL, which was significantly (p<0.05) different from all other concentrations. The essential oil (EO) compared well with the standard carbofuran (CBFN) at 65.58% and 66.06% mortality respectively, while the dichloromethane and aqueous extracts were not as effective. Mortality increased with increase in exposure time. There was total egg hatch inhibition with the essential oil and carbofuran, all the levels of concentration also inhibited egg hatch. The constituent of H. suaveolens as revealed by GC/MS include sabinene (29.5%), betacaryophyllene (11.8%), terpinolene (9.8%) and 1, 8-cineole (7.3%). The extracts of the leaves of H.suaveolens are nematicidal and holds promise as a natural bio-degradable alternative crop protectant against Heterodera sacchari
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    Isovitexin from Kigelia pinnata, A Potential Eco-friendly Nematicidal Agent.
    (Tropical Agriculture. University of West Indies, Trinidad, 2014) Atolani, O; Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A
    Synthetic pesticides are usually environmentally hazardous. In an attempt to obtain an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic nematicidal agents, isovitexin, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from butanol fraction of the leaf extract of Kigelia pinnata was examined for its in vitro nematicidal potential. The chemical structure of the isovitexin was confirmed by comparing its UV, IR, MS and NMR spectroscopic data with that reported in literature. The compound induced a hundred percent mortality at 24 h of exposure and inhibited egg hatch of Meloidogyne incognita at a concentration of 0.16 mg/mL. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the action of isovitexin and the synthetic nematicide, oxamyl, when tested at the same concentration. The bioactivity and toxicity evaluation on ‘molinspiration’ and ‘toxpredict’ evaluators indicated that isovitexin is a potentially bioactive compound with low genotoxic carcinogenicity and high enzyme inhibition activity. The biodegradability evaluation indicated that it belongs to a class 2 persistent chemical. The results of this study could be harnessed to make isovitexin commercially available as a natural nematicide. This is the first account of isovitexin being isolated from Kigelia pinnata and evaluated for nematicidal potential.
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    Natural antifungal compounds from the peels of Ipomoea batatas Lam
    (Taylor and Francis, 2015) Oluyori, A.P; Shaw, A.K; Preeti, R; Reddy, S; Atolani, O; Olatunji, G.A; Fabiyi, O.A
    Three antifungal compounds have been isolated for the first time from the peels of Ipomoea batatas Lam. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra data as well as ESI-MS and IR analysis. Urs-13(18)-ene-3β-yl acetate was found to possess a weak activity against Sporothrix schenckii and Trichophyton metagrophytes fungi with an MIC value of 50 μg/mL each. Stigmasterol and 3-friedelanol were equally active against T. metagrophytes.
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    Nematicidal activities of Chromatographic Fraction from Alstonia boonei and Bridelia ferruginea on Meloidogyne incognita.
    (Pakistan Journal of Nematology. Pakistan Nematological Society, 2012) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Atolani, O
    The leaves of Alstonia boonei (de Wild) and Bridelia ferruginea (Benth) were air dried at ambient temperature (27ºC) and subjected to successive cold extraction using n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Ethanol. Thirty grams from the resulting crude extracts were further subjected to open column chromatography on silica gel (100-120 mesh grades) using glass column. The chromatographic fractions were tested in vitro along with their crudes and carbofuran on Meloidogyne incognita juveniles and eggs. The fractions were significantly effective in causing juvenile mortality. 75% concentrations of fraction being more active and showed significant difference from other concentrations. Fractions from A. boonei were significantly (p<0.05) effective in the first hour of exposure to M. incognita juveniles with a percentage mortality of 48.62% which was not significantly different from carbofuran. At 4th and 6th hour of juvenile exposure to treatment, fractions from A. boonei were significantly (p<0.05) more effective than carbofuran with a percentage mortality of 67.87 and 72.57% against carbofuran with 63.77 and 69.31% mortality, respectively. Mortality increased with increase in exposure time. The fractions were also as effective as carbofuran in inhibiting egg hatch, but there was minimum inhibition among the crude extracts. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that the fractions contain organic compounds that are nematicidal in nature which include phenols, carboxylic acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, anhydrides, amides, mono and di substituted aromatics and long chain carbon fatty acid esters
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    Nematicidal effect of organic extract metal complex on Meloidogyne incognita infecting groundnuts (Arachis hypogea).
    (Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague., 2019) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Daodu, I.O
    The control of plant parasitic nematodes is constantly associated with environmental pollution problems which emanates from the ability of synthetic nematicides to bind strongly to different soil types owing to their hydrophilic nature. This research attempted to determine the nematicidal potential of copper, iron and zinc salts complexed with methanolic extract of Enantia chloranta on Meloidogyne incognita infecting groundnut plants on the field. Carbofuran, a synthetic nematicide was used as a reference standard. The experiment was a randomised complete block design which was conducted in two raining seasons (2017 & 2018). Two grams (2 g) of each of the metal salts were reacted with 300 ml of E. chloranta methanolic extract. Good nematicidal activity was displayed by E. chloranta crude extract copper complex (ENCT/CuSO4) close to the value obtained with carbofuran (CBFN), iron and zinc salt complexes (ENCT/FeSO4 and ENCT/ZnSO4) were also significantly (p<0.05) effective. Toxicity of the metal salt complex to M. incognita was dose dependent. Vegetative growth and yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher in plants treated with the highest concentration of the metal complex solution. Significantly lower nematode population was seen at harvest in the roots of treated plants as opposed to the untreated plants. This research has demonstrated that the E. chloranta metal complex is a promising nematicidal substance
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    Nematicidal Isochromane Glycoside from Kigelia pinnata leaves.
    (Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2014) Atolani, O; Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A
    Synthetic nematicides such as oxamyl and carbofuran play significant roles in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. However, their negative environmental impacts have it imperative to search for safer alternatives. As part of our contribution in the search for bio-nematicides, compounds from plant extract were screened for possible potent nematicidal agent. A new isochromane carboxylic acid glycoside, isolated from the leaves of Kigelia pinnata (Lam.) Benth (Bignoniaceae) was evaluated for its nematicidal activity. The structure of the proposed compound was characterized by various spectroscopic methods, which included UV, FTIR, 1D-, and 2D-NMR, FAB-MS, TOF-ESI-MS and TOF-ESI-MS/MS (TANDEM). The in vitro experiment conducted on the glycoside against Meloidogyne incognita juveniles and eggs indicated an induced mortality. Its activity can be compared favourably with oxamyl, when tested at 0.1 mg/mL concentration. At four hours of observation, no significant difference (P < 0.05) between oxamyl and the glycoside was observed. The present data sustains that natural glycoside is a promising oxamyl alternate for controlling nematode-induced plant root knots and may contribute to integrated pest management.