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Effectiveness of preoperative anaesthesia assessment in a multispesialty hospital in sub-Saharan Africa
(College of Health Sciences, 2020) Ige Olufemi; Oyedepo Olarewaju; Kolawole Israel; Bolaji Benjamin; Oni Joshua; Enaworu Isoken; Ojo Olawale
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LIP PRINT MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERN IN RELATION TO NASAL INDEX AMONG ADULTS OF EGBA, IN ABEOKUTA, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
(Enugu State University of Science and Technology, 2021-06) Alabi AS,; Omoge OE ,; Kareem SB,; Imamfulani AO
Cheiloscopy and Nasal index are important bio-anthropological parameters unique to each ethnic group. The study aimed at identifying the lip print pattern and nasal index peculiar to Egba people and their possible interrelationship. The study was conducted in Abeokuta, South-West, Nigeria, among 410 adult Egba individuals (205 males and 205 females). Nasal height and width were measured using Digital Sliding Vernier Caliper. The lip prints of the subjects were collected by gently placing a microscopic glass slide on the lip after a little application of lip gloss. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software and the statistical significance was put into consideration using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) when (P 0.05). The result showed that the predominant lip print pattern of the Egba ethnic group was Type V. The predominant Nasal Index among both sexes was 60.00 while their peculiar nasal shape was Leptorrhine, which can subsequently serve as an important anthropometric tool used in reconstructive surgeries of nose. The study revealed no significant variation among the lip print patterns of all types of nasal morphology. The existence of sexual dimorphism in the lip print pattern of the Egba ethnic group is a peculiar feature that can be relevant in determination of gender in identification of persons during crime investigations and in mass disaster which are relevant in medico-legal cases
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Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Foramina in Adult Nigerian Mandible
(Era’s Journal of Medical Research, 2025-08-29) Suwebat Bidemi Kareem,; Ajiboye Adefikayo Adebisi,; Olugbenga Olawale Eweoya,; Aminu Imam,; Misturah Yetunde Adana,; Moyosore Salihu Ajao
Background and Objective: The mental neurovascular bundle emerges at the mandibular foramina (MF) a significant anatomical landmark on the anterolateral part of the jaw. Its morphological features, and precise location have important clinical implications for dental anesthesia, implant placement, and surgical procedures of the lower jaw. Population-dependent variations in the MF characteristics, however, are very common, and studies on Nigerian mandibles have been remarkably sparse. The present study was undertaken to provide crude morphometric data on the incidence, location, size, and accessory foramina of the MF in a Nigerian sample population. Materials and Methods: The study entailed the analysis of sixty adult human mandibles (36 males and 24 females) stored in the Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin. All specimens were complete and free of any deformity. Measurements were collected using a calibrated Vernier caliper, in a nominally modified version of the method of Alma et al. The positional relationship with the adjacent teeth was considered, and the occurrence of accessory mental foramina (AMF) was noted. Data were statistically processed using SPSS version 21.0, and it facilitated the generation of descriptive statistics. Results: Bilateral MF were found in all mandibles studied. Circular patterns were more common than oval ones, appearing in 58.33% of cases on the left and 66.67% of cases on the right. With 48.33% on the right and 58.33% on the left, the foramen was most frequently observed in connection with the second premolar tooth. On average, the transverse size was 4.19 ± 1.18 mm on the left and 3.98 ± 1.17 mm on the right, while the vertical dimension was 3.06 ± 0.80 mm on the right and 3.19 ± 0.92 mm on the left. 8.33% of the left sides, and 11.67% of the right sides had accessory foramina. Conclusion: The present findings support that the MF in Nigerian mandibles is predominantly circular and most frequently found at the level of the second premolar. The presence of accessory foramina in some specimens highlights the necessity for careful preoperative evaluation. These anatomical structures are not only important for dental, and maxillofacial surgeons, but also carry immense anthropological and forensic significance. KEYWORDS: Accessory foramina, Mandible, morphometry, Premolar region, Nigerian population. Era’s Journal of Medical Research. 12(2);2025 [doi: 10.24041/ejmr.2025.17]
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Socio-cultural Determinants of Artificial Reproductive Tech nology (ART) uptake among Infertile Couples Visiting Fertility Clinics in FCT, Abuja
(European Journal of Clinical and Medical Research (EJCMR), 2025) O. O. Eweoya,; H. T. Dike,; O. O. Adeniyi,; S. B. Kareem
Introduction: Infertility is defined as the failure of a couple to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, and it is ranked the 5th highest global disease. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is one of the safest healthcare options for infertility, which offers a chance at parenthood to infertile couples. Nigeria is the largest and most populous African country with three major tribes, namely, Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa. Scanty information about the socio-cultural effects of ART uptake on infertile couples prompted this study. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven (227) consented participants attending infertilities clinics in Abuja, Nigeria, aged 18- 49 years for females and 18 years and above for males, obtained by simple random sampling, were used for the study. Prior ethical approval has been sought and obtained from the hospital management of the two private and two public hospitals. A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire was given to the participants to complete for the study that lasted three months. Data were obtained and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Greater percentage of the respondents were educated, and enlightened about ART, most Protestants Christian accept the uptake of ART, Invitro Fertilization (IVF) is the most embraced of all ART types and ART uptake also varies along tribal line in our study with the Igbo tribe having a higher percentage of uptake. Conclusions: From this study, it can be reasonably concluded that socio-cultural components had an influence on the uptake of ART in Abuja, Nigeria
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Craniofacial genetics as a differential identification tool: analysis of a subset of Yoruba-speaking population in Nigeria
(Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2025) Suwebat Bidemi Kareem,; Olugbenga Akinola,; Oluyinka Ajibola Iyiola,; Misturah Yetunde Adana,; Ade Stephen Alabi,; Aminu Imam,; Moyosore Salihu Ajao,
Background Population-dependent genetics and normal-range variations in facial morphology have been reported across several populations, but there is paucity of literature on the African population. The study was designed to evaluate the potentials of craniofacial genetics as a differential identification tool amongst the Yoruba-Ethnic nationality in Nigeria. An anthropometric study of two thousand one hundred and nine (2109) randomly selected individuals (age 15–29 years) was conducted. The personal information of participants was obtained using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires, while craniofacial parameters were measured from facial photographs with Digimizer software. DNA was isolated from buccal swabs samples obtained from three hundred participants (300) after careful stratifications to match the chosen ethic group. Segments of two craniofacial-associated genetic markers (PAX3 and BMP4 genes) were amplified from participant’s DNA samples using polymerase chain reaction technique. The amplified gene segments were purified, sequenced, and aligned with the reference sequences from the NCBI database. Results A total of 45 samples were observed with synonymous and non-synonymous changes across the 2 genes. These genetic changes were not significantly associated with craniofacial differences in the study population. However, two participants, one each for PAX3 and BMP4, displayed higher polymorphisms that were associated with values of different craniofacial linear parameters {Nasal width (al–al), Nasal height (n-sn), Morphological facial height (n-gn), Bizygomatic distance (zy–zy), Interendocanthal width (en–en), Ear width (t-pa), Ear height (sa-sba), Mandible height (sto-gn), Mouth width (ch–ch), Vermillion height (ls-sto), Eye fissure width@ R(en-ex)}, different from the general population not statistically significant. Conclusion The slight differences in craniofacial parameter measurements in two individuals, with novel polymorphisms (SNPs) loci in PAX3 and BMP4 provides insights to baseline data for validation of cranio-genetic markers that may be useful in the population under study