Browsing by Author "Ogunmodede, James Ayodele"

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    38.Prevalence an d predictors of peripheral artery disease among hypertensive patients in a tertiary hospital in north - central Nigeria
    (Kenyan Medical Association., 2023) Yusuf, I.A.; Akinlade, O.M.; Awodun, O.R; Yusuf, W.O.; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.
    Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral artery disease and its predictors among hypertensive patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Design: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study. Setting: General outpatient clinic and cardiology clinic Participants:150 hypertensive patients and 150 normotensive patients were recruited. Main outcome measures: The participants were physically examined, and their blood samples were taken for analysis. Ankle-brachial index was determined among the participants using a handheld Doppler machine. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 20 computer software package. Results: The prevalence of peripheral artery disease among the hypertensive subjects and normotensive patients were 20% and 3.3% respectively. The predictors of peripheral artery disease were age of the patient (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.08), duration of hypertension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.15), abnormal body mass index (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.17 - 9.97) and total cholesterol (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 2.33 - 13.27). Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease is a common complication among hypertensive patients studied. The predictors of peripheral artery disease among Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral artery disease and its predictors among hypertensive patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Design: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study. Setting: General outpatient clinic and cardiology clinic Participants:150 hypertensive patients and 150 normotensive patients were recruited. Main outcome measures: The participants were physically examined, and their blood samples were taken for analysis. Ankle-brachial index was determined among the participants using a handheld Doppler machine. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 20 computer software package. Results: The prevalence of peripheral artery disease among the hypertensive subjects and normotensive patients were 20% and 3.3% respectively. The predictors of peripheral artery disease were age of the patient (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.08), duration of hypertension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.15), abnormal body mass index (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.17 - 9.97) and total cholesterol (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 2.33 - 13.27). Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease is a common complication among hypertensive patients studied. The predictors of peripheral artery disease among these patients were age, duration of hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia
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    A clinicopathological review of colonic polyps in a tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria
    (Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, 2018) Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Olokoba, Abdulfatai Bamidele; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Agodirin, Sulaiman Olayide; Ibrahim, Olatunde O. Kazeem; Adeyeye, Ademola A; Bamidele, Opeyemi F; Ogunlaja, Olumuyiwa Ayotunde; Okonkwo, Kenechukwu C; Aliyu, Aminu Mansa
    Background: Colorectal polyps, especially adenomas, are known as precursors of colorectal carcinomas. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and histopathologic characteristics of colonic polyps among Nigerians that underwent colonoscopy at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. The authors also determined the polyp detection rate and adenoma detection rate. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of all colonoscopy examinations performed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin from March2013 to September2017. The endoscopy register was reviewed, and patients’ biodata, indications for colonoscopy and colonoscopic findings were recorded on a proforma. The histopathologic reports of the polyps were also retrieved and their diagnosis confirmed. Results: A total of 289 patients had colonoscopy carried out on them. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 90 years with a mean ± SD of 57.0 ± 15.3 years and a median age of 58years. There were 178(61.6%) males and 111 (38.4%) females giving a M:F ratio of 1.6:1. The indications for colonoscopy were rectal bleeding124(42.9%); suspected colorectal cancer 67(23.2%); abdominal pain 22 (7.6%); chronic diarrhea 18 (6.2%); surveillance colonoscopy 12 (4.2%); constipation 11(3.8%); change in bowel habit 9(3.1%); occult bleeding 6(2.1%); others 20(6.9%). Endoscopic findings were normal findings 89(30.8%); hemorrhoids 88 (30.4%); colonic polyps 50 (17.3%); diverticulosis 34 (11.8%); rectal cancer 29 (10.0%); colon cancer 24 (8.3%); colitis 19 (6.6%); others 13 (4.5%). The findings were not mutually exclusive. The diagnostic yield was 69.2%. The overall polyp detection rate was 17.3%. Of the 50 patients with polyps, 33 (66.0%)were males (p=0.481). The adenoma detection rate was 4.8%. Conclusion: The authors conclude that their observed polyp detection rate is consistent with the estimated rates for Africa. Rectal bleeding and adenomatous polyps were the commonest presentation and histopathologic finding, respectively
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    A STUDY OF THE CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN ILORIN
    (The Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Nigeria (SOGHIN), 2020) Olokoba, Abdulfatai Bamidele; Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Bamidele, Opeyemi F; Okonkwo, K.C.; Aliyu, Aminu Mansa; Ogbu, Lawrence O.
    Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite being the 6th most common cancer it is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. It is a major cause of cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Aim: To study the symptom profile and the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infection among patients with HCC in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with HCC managed at the study center from January 2013 to December 2017. The diagnosis of HCC was made based on the symptoms, physical examination and radiological findings. A structured proforma was used to obtain socio-demographic, clinical presentation and laboratory data from patients who met our inclusion criteria. The data obtained was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 22. Results: A total of 109 HCC patients whose ages ranged from 23-89 years with a mean age (SD) of 45.3 (14.0) years were studied. Eighty-two (75.2%) of these were males and the < 45 years age group had the highest frequency of 57 (52.3%). Weight loss 100 (91.7%), abdominal swelling 98 (89.9%) and abdominal pain 96 (88.1%) were the most prevalent presenting complaints. Jaundice 47 (43.1%), wasting of the small muscles of the hand 35 (32.1%), sparse axillary hair 25 (22.9%) and finger clubbing 24 (22.0%) were the prevailing stigmata of chronic liver disease whereas liver tenderness 85 (75.2%), irregular liver surface 79 (72.5%), hard liver 64 (58.7%) and ascites 65 (59.6%) were the commonest findings on abdominal examination. These were not mutually exclusive. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the patients with HCC was 56.9% and 3.7% respectively. Conclusion: HCC is more prevalent among young persons aged < 45 years and among males in UITH, Ilorin. Weight loss, abdominal pain and swelling are the commonest presentation. The prevalence of hepatitis B infection among them is high whereas that of hepatitis C is low.
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    Acute Rapid QTc Changes Following Chloroquine Overdose with No Suicidal Intent
    (The Biomedical Communications Consult, 2020) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ogunmodede, A.J.; Dele-Ojo, B.F; Buhari, O.I.N
    We report a 39 year-old male with unintentional chloroquine overdose without any suicidal intention. Marked QTc prolongation of 0.508sec was observed acutely though patient’s total ingested dose was lower than most fatal doses reported in literature. This range of QTc carries a predisposition to potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) demonstrated gradual return of QTc towards normal while patient was on observation without any indication for active intervention. We recommend that in the event of chloroquine overdose, close monitoring of the cardiovascular system should be done even in apparently stable individuals.
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    Assessment of Medication Prescribing Indicators Using the World Health Organization Standard Indices in a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences and Basic Clinical Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, 2023) Agede, Olalekan A; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ole, Joseph O; Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Oyedepo, Dapo S; Sanni, Nasiru; Aiyedun, Olawale Stephen
    Background: Drug use is the most common option in treating disease conditions in clinical practice. Irrational prescription and use of medicine have become a major problem in Africa. The patterns of medication prescription in this environment have been under-studied. Evaluating these patterns is essential to provide information that may guide actions towards improving the prescription standards and mitigate the problems associated with irrational prescription and use of medicine. The study aimed to assess medication prescribing patterns by all cadres of doctors in the General Outpatient Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Methods: It was a six-month retrospective study of medication prescription by all cadres of the doctors attending to outpatients in the General Outpatient Department of UITH between 1st July, 2022 – 31st December, 2022. A validated data capture form was used for the study following the WHO prescribing indicator guidelines. The results were displayed using the arithmetic means, frequencies, and percentages. Results were interpreted by the recommended ideal values by the WHO. Results: 1,650 prescriptions were reviewed, 914 were included in the study. This study found that all the analyzed prescription indices fell short of the WHO recommended threshold. An average of 2.25 medications were prescribed per patient. The percentages of encounters with injections, antibiotics, and other medications by generic name were 87.2%, 66.9%, and 73.2%, respectively. 53.8% of the medications prescribed came from the essential medicine list. Conclusion: All medication prescribing indicators assessed were found to be below the ideal value recommended by WHO. Therefore, we advocated for the training of prescribers and the formulation of policies that will promote the prescription of medications in line with WHO guidelines.
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    Association between blood pressure dipping patterns and hypertension-mediated organ damage among Nigerians with newly diagnosed hypertension.
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun state University, Osogbo., 2021) Dele-Ojo, B.F; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ojo, O.D; Kolo, P.M.; Katibi, I.A.; Omotoso, A.B.; Adeoye, M.A; Adesokan, A
    bstract Introduction: Abnormal blood pressure (BP) dipping patterns are associated with increased cardiovascular risk among Africans. This study determined the association between BP dipping patterns and hypertension-mediated organ damage among patients with newly-diagnosed hypertension. Methods: Ambulatory BP monitoring and echocardiography were carried out on 120 participants. Participants were categorized based on the ratio of night-time to day-time systolic BP into 4 patterns: Normal dipper (≥ 10% but < 20%), non-dippers (≥ 0% but < 10%), reverse dippers (<0%) and extreme dippers (≥ 20%). Result: Fifty-one (42.5%) were males, the mean age and body mass index were 44.2±9.8years and 27.1±4.4kg/m2 respectively. The non-dipping pattern was the most prevalent while the reverse dipping had the lowest mitral E/A ratio. Office systolic blood pressure was the only predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy (OR=1.050, 95% CI=1.004-1.098; p-value = 0.034). Conclusions: The non-dipping pattern was the most prevalent abnormal dipping pattern while the reverse dippers had the highest risk of hypertension-mediated organ damage. Office blood pressure was the only predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hence, office BP measurement as well as ambulatory blood pressure measurements are potentially important tools in risk stratification in resource-poor settings of sub-Saharan Africa.
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    Association between Blood Pressure Dipping Patterns and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy among Apparently Healthy Normotensive Nigerians.
    (College of Health Sciences, Ekiti state University, Ado-Ekiti., 2021) Dele-Ojo, B.F; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ojo, O.D
    ackground Abnormal blood pressure dipping pattern has been associated left ventricular hypertrophy among Africans with systemic hypertension. However, more studies are required to show whether abnormal blood pressure (BP) dipping patterns are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in healthy normotensive patients. This study determined the association between BP dipping patterns and left ventricular hypertrophy among normotensive Nigerians. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 120 normotensive individuals with no co-morbidities had ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography. We defined extreme dippers, normal dippers, non-dippers and reverse dippers as nocturnal systolic BP decline of (≥ 20%), (10% to 19%), (0 to 9%) and (<0%) respectively. Results Fifty-four (45%) were males, the mean age and body mass index were 37.0 ± 10.1years and 24.0 ±4.2 kg/m2 respectively. Sixty-nine (57.5%) were non-dippers and 71 (59.2%) had LVH. Reverse dippers had the highest left ventricular mass index, it was not statistically significant. Binary logistic regression showed age as the only predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy (OR=1.055, 95% CI=1.004-1.109; p-value = 0.033). Conclusions A high prevalence of non-dipping pattern and left ventricular hypertrophy was found among apparently healthy Nigerian normotensives. Increasing age was the only predictor of LVH in our study population. Hence, ABPM and echocardiography are recommended to accurately assess cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy Nigerian normotensives.
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    Association between metabolic syndrome and healthcare work status in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
    (African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Kampala, Uganda, 2021) Dele-Ojo, B.F., Raimi, T.H., Fadare, J.O., Dada, S.A., Ajayi, E.A., Ajayi, D.D.,; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ajayi, A.O
    Introduction: metabolic syndrome portends an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. Evidence showed that healthcare workers are at higher risk of cardiovascular events because of their engagement in night-shift work. Therefore, this study determined the association between metabolic syndrome and healthcare work status in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study involving 105 healthcare workers and 143 non-healthcare workers. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made based on the International Diabetic Federation criteria: Abdominal obesity plus, any two of: elevated blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or previous diagnosis of hypertension on the use of antihypertensive medications; impaired fasting glucose; elevated triglycerides; and low HDL-cholesterol. Factors associated with metabolic syndrome were analysed using univariable and multivariable analysis. Results: men comprised 37.9% of the study population and the mean age was 42.1 ± 9.7 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar in both groups (HCWs-29.5% vs non-HCWs- 28.0%, p-value=0.789); overall prevalence was 28.6%. Abdominal obesity, elevated total cholesterol and elevated LDL-cholesterol occurred more frequently in HCWs than in non-HCWs: (68.6% vs 55.2%, p-value=0.034; 65.7% vs 39.2%, p-value= < 0.001 and 50.5 vs 28.7%; p-value < 0.001) respectively. Female sex (aOR:3.67, 95% CI: 1.74-7.45; p < 0.001) and obesity (aOR:4.39, 95% CI: 2.31-8.37; p < 0.001) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: a similar prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in the healthcare workers and the non- healthcare workers. However, abdominal obesity, elevated total cholesterol and elevated LDL-cholesterol occurred more frequently in healthcare workers than in non- healthcare workers
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    Benefits, disadvantages and challenges of virtual conferencing in the covid-19 era: adjusting to the new normal.
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun state University, Osogbo., 2022) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ogunmodede, A.J.; Dele-Ojo, B.F; Omotoso, A.B.; Agede, O.A.; Buhari, O.I.N; Omotoso, A.B.O
    Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has had tremendous effect on the medical and scientific community. Measures instituted to curb the spread of the disease such as physical distancing and ban on large gatherings have significantly altered conferencing activities of medical professional associations. With no end in sight to the pandemic, it is certain that medical professional associations may have to make do with purely virtual or hybrid conferencing for some time to come. The objective of this paper is to highlight the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of virtual conferencing Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and AJOL databases from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 for publications describing the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of virtual conferencing during the pandemic. This, together with authors' experience formed the resource base for this work. Conclusion: We propose ways the scientific community in Nigeria can maximize the virtual conferencing while the pandemic lasts. We also advocate increased discussion about how to improve the virtual conferencing culture and the development of guidelines for purely virtual or hybrid scientific conferences.
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    Burden of Care and Psychological Distress in Primary Caregivers of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in A Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.
    (College of Health Sciences, Jimma University Ethiopia, 2019) Ogunmodede, A.J., Abiodun, O.A., Makanjuola, A.B., Olarinoye, J.K.,; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Buhari, O.I.N
    BACKGROUND: Caregivers play an important role in the management and care of individuals with chronic medical conditions. This is because; they provide emotional, physical, financial as well as spiritual support to their wards. However, the process of caregiving is usually associated with feelings of burden and psychological distress. METHODS: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, clinicbased study done at the endocrinology clinic of a Teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria. It was done utilizing the Zarit Burden Interview, the General Health Questionnaire (12 item version) and a socio-demographic questionnaire designed by the authors. The levels of burden as well as the factors associated with burden and psychological distress in one hundred caregivers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were assessed. Statistical analysis was done using chi square, independent T test and linear regression. RESULTS: Forty- two percent (42%) of caregivers experienced little or no burden, 47% had mild to moderate burden, 8% had moderate to severe burden, while 3% had severe burden. When the ZBI scores were dichotomized into ‘low’ and ‘high’ burden, 89% were found to experience low burden, while 11% experienced high burden. On logistic regression, females were found to be four times more likely to experience high burden, while Thirty-five (35%) percent of caregivers had a GHQ score of > 3, signifying psychological distress and psychological distress was found to be significantly associated with burden. CONCLUSION: Many Nigerian caregivers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus experience burden and psychological distress associated with caregiving, especially female caregivers and those taking care of those taking care of patients with complications. It is therefore important for clinicians to recognize burdened caregivers and intervene appropriately in order to improve the quality of care of these patients
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    Characteristics of patients with acute heart failure in North Central Nigeria
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osun State, 2021) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, Philip Manma; Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Dele-Ojo, Bolade F; Ogunmodede, Adebusola Jane; Omotoso, A.B
    Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is an important cause of hospital admission in Nigeria. HF is increasingly prevalent because the population is aging and HF epidemiology is changing. We aimed at profiling the socio-demographic, clinical and echocardiographic (Echo) characteristics of patients admitted for acute HF. This is one of the largest cohorts of HF patients profiled in Nigeria so far. Methods: Cross sectional design. Socio-demographic, clinical and Echo data were collected from 455 patients admitted for AHF at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, North central, Nigeria. Results: Mean age of patients was 58.9± 15.7years, (men were older than women, P= 0.006). 265(58.2%) were males, most patients were aged >60 years, 4.8% had pre-existing Type2 Diabetes mellitus. 53.2% of patients presented in New York Heart Association Stages III and IV. Median duration of admission was 11days (IQR, 6-17), intrahospital mortality- 11.6%. Hypertension was the commonest aetiological factor (62.4%), followed by dilated cardiomyopathy 17.6%, rheumatic heart disease (6.6%), Peripartum cardiomyopathy (5.3%), and others. Conclusion: AHF patients in our study are older than those in previous studies in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. Hypertension is main driver of AHF, and patients largely present with clinically advanced disease necessitating stronger public health education about risk factors and early presentation.
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    Characteristics of patients with acute heart failure in North Central Nigeria.
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun state University, Osogbo., 2021) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Bojuwoye, M.O.; Dele-Ojo, B.F; Ogunmodede, A.J.; Kolo, P,M., Omotoso, A.B.O.
    Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is an important cause of hospital admission in Nigeria. HF is increasingly prevalent because the population is aging and HF epidemiology is changing. We aimed at profiling the socio-demographic, clinical and echocardiographic (Echo) characteristics of patients admitted for acute HF. This is one of the largest cohorts of HF patients profiled in Nigeria so far. Methods: Cross sectional design. Socio-demographic, clinical and Echo data were collected from 455 patients admitted for AHF at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, North central, Nigeria. Results: Mean age of patients was 58.9± 15.7years, (men were older than women, P= 0.006). 265(58.2%) were males, most patients were aged >60 years, 4.8% had pre-existing Type2 Diabetes mellitus. 53.2% of patients presented in New York Heart Association StagesIII and IV. Median duration of admission was 11days (IQR, 6-17), intrahospital mortality- 11.6%. Hypertension was the commonest aetiological factor (62.4%), followed by dilated cardiomyopathy 17.6%, rheumatic heart disease (6.6%), Peripartum cardiomyopathy (5.3%), and others. Conclusion: AHF patients in our study are older than those in previous studies in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. Hypertension is main driver of AHF, and patients largely present with clinically advanced disease necessitating stronger public health education about risk factors and early presentation.
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    Clinicopathological Review of Colonic Polyps in a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria.
    (Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University and the National Centre for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Sudan., 2018) Bojuwoye, M.O.; Olokoba, A.B; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Agodirin, S.O., Ibrahim, O.O.K., Adeyeye, A.A., Bamidele, O.F., Ogunlaja, O.A., Okonkwo, K.C., Aliyu, A.M.
    Background: Colorectal polyps, especially adenomas, are known as precursors of colorectal carcinomas. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and histopathologic characteristics of colonic polyps among Nigerians that underwent colonoscopy at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. The authors also determined the polyp detection rate and adenoma detection rate. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of all colonoscopy examinations performed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin from March 2013 to September 2017. The endoscopy register was reviewed, and patients’ biodata, indications for colonoscopy and colonoscopic findings were recorded on a proforma. The histopathologic reports of the polyps were also retrieved and their diagnosis confirmed. Results: A total of 289 patients had colonoscopy carried out on them. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 90 years with a mean ±SD of 57.0 ± 15.3 years and a median age of 58 years. There were 178 (61.6%) males and 111 (38.4%) females giving a M:F ratio of 1.6:1. The indications for colonoscopy were rectal bleeding 124 (42.9%); suspected colorectal cancer 67 (23.2%); abdominal pain 22 (7.6%); chronic diarrhea 18 (6.2%); surveillance colonoscopy 12 (4.2%); constipation 11 (3.8%); change in bowel habit 9 (3.1%); occult bleeding 6 (2.1%); others 20 (6.9%). Endoscopic findings were normal findings 89 (30.8%); hemorrhoids 88 (30.4%); colonic polyps 50 (17.3%); diverticulosis 34 (11.8%); rectal cancer 29 (10.0%); colon cancer 24 (8.3%); colitis 19 (6.6%); others 13 (4.5%). The findings were not mutually exclusive. The diagnostic yield was 69.2%. The overall polyp detection rate was 17.3%. Of the 50 patients with polyps, 33 (66.0%) were males (p = 0.481). The adenoma detection rate was 4.8%. Conclusion: The authors conclude that their observed polyp detection rate is consistent with the estimated rates for Africa. Rectal bleeding and adenomatous polyps were the commonest presentation and histopathologic finding, respectively.
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    A comprehensive survey on low-cost ECG acquisition systems: Advances on design specifications, challenges and future direction
    (Elsevier, 2021) Faruk, N., Abdulkarim, A., Emmanuel, I., Folawiyo, Y.Y., Adewole, K.S., Mojeed, H.A., Oloyede, A.A., Olawoyin, L.A., Sikiru, I.A., Nehemiah, M., Gital, A.Y.; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Katibi, I.A.
    Availability of low-cost, reliable, and portable Electrocardiography (ECG) devices is still very important in the medical world today. Despite the tremendous technological advancement, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) remain a serious health burden claiming millions of lives on an annual basis globally. This is more prevalent in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) where there are huge financial instability and lack of critical infrastructure and support services for the health care system. Efforts aimed at reducing the prevalence of CVDs are confounded by late diagnosis, frequently, caused by lack of access to or nonavailability of basic diagnostic modalities such as the ECG. Hence effective mitigation of the effect of CVDs in LMICs depend on the development of such devices at low-cost with reliability, accuracy and energy efficiency. This paper therefore, was developed to understand the state of the art of low-cost ECG acquisition systems with respect to design features and system capabilities for different use cases. In addition, different design options and taxonomies of available low-cost ECG devices, case studies reports of efficacy tests have been provided. The paper proposes a generalised ECG framework and provides implementation challenges and open research directions that should be considered when developing such devices for proper management of CVDs.
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    COVID-19 related disruption of out-patient services: an opportunity for integrating telemedicine into clinical practice in public hospitals in Nigeria.
    (The Biomedical Communications Consult, 2020) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ogunmodede, A.J.; OYELEKE, O.A.; Bolarinwa, O.A.; Buhari, O.I.N; Kolo, P.M.; Olokoba, A.B.
    In December 2019, the first cases of a viral pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Deep thoroughput sequencing of airway secretions of the patients revealed a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. On February 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease Coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) and declared it a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. As the COVID-19 cases escalated, it became a source of tremendous disruption of the lives and means of livelihood of huge populations of people worldwide. The pandemic continues to spread and the number of cases of COVID-19 worldwide numbered a cumulative 22,034,395 with 776,801 deaths as at August 17, 2020. (Worldometer COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020) Nigeria had recorded 49, 485 cases and 977 deaths by the said date while South Africa leads the continent’s tally of the disease with 589,886 cases and 11,982 deaths – the fifth highest in the world. (Worldometer COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020). The implementation of measures instituted to limit the spread of the disease by most national governments included wearing of face masks in public and restriction of human movement and physical interaction.
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    Evaluation of referral letters to the Antiretroviral Therapy Outpatient Specialist Clinic of a tertiary health facility in Ilorin Nigeria
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2022) Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele
    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a chronic medical condition that requires lifelong treatment. Specialist care is of importance in it management and referral process to a specialist is mostly initiated through a referral letter. The ability to design a good management plan during consultation depends on the quality of clinical information in the referral. This study was designed to assess the information provided in referral letters presented to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) outpatient specialist clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria It was a retrospective study conducted between January and June 2022. All referral presented to ART clinic on clinic days were reviewed for information provided using a data capture form. A total of 142 referrals were analyzed. The majority of the referral provided information on patient identifiers. Information on clinical parameters considered important for quality review and management were generally unsatisfactory. Less than a quarter of the referral provided information on laboratory investigations like cluster of differentiation 4 count. Majority (97.9%) of the referrals stated the reason for the referral but physical examination findings and medication history were only reported in 38.7% and 43% respectively. Referral letters to ART clinic were deficient in the information needed for quality review. The deficiencies delayed patient management. Institution of measures to address the deficiencies will help to improve HIV care. The use of a structured referral form and training of doctors on the required information in a referral letter will also impact positively on HIV care.
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    Expert System and Decision Support System for Electrocardiogram Interpretation and Diagnosis: Review, Challenges and Research Directions.
    (MDPI Publishers, Basel Switzerland, 2022) Adewole, K.S.; Mojeed, H.A.; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Gabralla, L.A.; FARUK, N; ABDULKARIM, A; et al
    Abstract: Electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the most widely used recordings in clinical medicine. ECG deals with the recording of electrical activity that is generated by the heart through the surface of the body. The electrical activity generated by the heart is measured using electrodes that are attached to the body surface. The use of ECG in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been in existence for over a decade, and research in this domain has recently attracted large attention. Along this line, an expert system (ES) and decision support system (DSS) have been developed for ECG interpretation and diagnosis. However, despite the availability of a lot of literature, access to recent and more comprehensive review papers on this subject is still a challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of ES and DSS for ECG interpretation and diagnosis. Researchers have proposed a number of features and methods for ES and DSS development that can be used to monitor a patient’s health condition through ECG recordings. In this paper, a taxonomy of the features and methods for ECG interpretation and diagnosis were presented. The significance of the features and methods, as well as their limitations, were analyzed. This review further presents interesting theoretical concepts in this domain, as well as identifies challenges and open research issues on ES and DSS development for ECG interpretation and diagnosis that require substantial research effort. In conclusion, this paper identifies important future research areas with the purpose of advancing the development of ES and DSS for ECG interpretation and diagnosis.
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    Factors Influencing Adherence to Antiretroviral Medication in Ilorin, Nigeria.
    (Published by the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care., 2010) Salami, A.K.; FADEYI, A; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; DESALU, O.O
    Background: Good adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is required for viral suppression and prevention of drug resistance. Patients’ adherence to HAART has not been determined since the commencement of HAART at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria, over 5 years ago. Objectives: To determine the adherence level of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to HAART and identify associated factors. Methodology: A semistructured questionnaire was administered to PLWHA, who were accessing treatment. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, HIV medical, and drug history were obtained from them. Adherence was self-reported. Good adherence was taking of 95% of the prescribed doses of HAART over the preceding 30 days before consultation. Results: Study participants were 253; majority, 58.5%, were females. About 70.8% of them had good adherence. Older age and male sex correlated better with adherence. Conclusion: People living with HIV/AIDS were quite adherent to HAART. Male sex and older age were positive predictors of adherence. Adherence among the young age and females needs strengthening.
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    The Impact of HIV/AIDS on The Cardiovascular System - A Review of Current Trends.
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2017) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Katibi, I.A.; Omotoso, A.B.O; Adekeye, K.A.
    he Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is undoubtedly one of the most significant pandemics the world has known with its effect spanning over three decades now. Initial emphasis in the management of the condition was on opportunistic infections, but the introduction of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has led to longer survival times for HIV patients and converted the infection to a chronic manageable illness like systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Hence, unlike the situation at the emergence of the pandemic, patients now live long enough to develop organ-related complications and it is believed that managing these will soon dominate the care of patients. We review the literature on current knowledge and trends in the involvement of the heart in HIV infection.
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    The impact of systemic hypertension on outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients – a systematic review.
    (Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda, 2022) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele
    Background: Several observational reports from different parts of the world have shown that systemic hypertension sion) was the single commonest comorbid condition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Hypertension is also the most comorbidity reported among patients who developed severe disease, were admitted to Intensive Care Unit, needed ventilatory support, or who died on admission. The objective of this systematic review is to study the association betwpertension and specific clinical outcomes of COVID-19 disease which are- development of severe COVID-19 diseaseadmission in the intensive care unit (ICU) or critical care unit (CCU), need for mechanical ventilation or death Methods: We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases up till June 28, 2020 for original researcthat documented the risk factors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 using the PRISMA guideline. Results: One hundred and eighty-two articles were identified using pre-specified search criteria, of which 33 met the sion criteria. Only three were prospective studies. Most studies documented hypertension as the most prevalent comorbidity association of hypertension with development of severe COVID-19 disease was not conclusive, majority of studies found an associated with mortality. Conclusion: Hypertension affects the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 disease in many cohorts. Prospective studies are needed to further understand this relationship.