Browsing by Author "Fabiyi, O.A"
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Item Anatomical and molecular characterization of some rhigonematid parasites of millipedes in Nigeria, with new insights into their phylogeny(Journal of Helminthology Cambridge University, 2023-06) Fabiyi, O.A; Bello, T.T; Liébanas, G; Clavero-Camacho, I; Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C; Archidona-Yuste, A; Hunt, D.J; Castillo, PParasitic nematodes of millipedes from Nigeria are molecularly characterized for the first time. During nematode surveys on live giant African millipedes from several localities in Nigeria, 4 species of rhigonematids were identified by application of integrative taxonomical approaches (morpho-anatomy and molecular markers), including Brumptaemilius sp., Gilsonema gabonensis, Obainia pachnephorus, and Rhigonema disparovis. The results of morphometric and molecular analyses of D2-D3 28S, ITS, partial 18S rRNA, and cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences further characterized the rhigonematid species, and clearly separated them from other related species. Phylogenetic relationships based on 28S and 18S rRNA genes suggest that genera within Ransomnematoidea (Ransomnema, Heth, Carnoya, Brumptaemilius, Cattiena, Insulanema, Gilsonema) and Rhigonematoidea (Rhigonema, Obainia, Xystrognathus, Trachyglossoides, Ichthyocephaloides) clustered rather closer than could be expected in view of their morphological differences. Phylogenetic relationships based on ITS and COI are congruent with those of other ribosomal genes; however, they are not conclusive due to the scarcity of available sequences of these genes for these genera in NCBIItem Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and chemical composition of fractions of ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaf.(Ruhuna Journal of Science. University of Ruhuna, 2020) Nwaehujor, I.U; Olatunji, G.A; Fabiyi, O.A; Akande, S.ASerious health challenges have been associated with inflammation which is a major cause of mortality in the world. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential, and chemical compositions of fractions of ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaf. The leaves were dried at room temperature, blended and extracted in sequential with solvents of varying degree of polarities, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Ethanol extract was fractionated via solvent-solvent partitioning into five fractions, i.e., n-hexane fraction (F1), dichloromethane fraction (F2), dichloromethane/ methanol (1:1) fraction (F3), methanol fraction (F4), and ethanol fraction (F5). These fractions were examined for their in-vitro antioxidant activities on DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 while the antiinflammatory activities were investigated using lipoxygenase inhibition, proteinase inhibition and membrane stabilization assays. The F4 being the most active fraction was further analyzed with GCMS to determine its chemical compositions. The results showed that F4 had the highest H2O2 scavenging activity at 10–100 µg/mL. The activity of F4 at 50 µg/mL was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of other treatments including the standard (Vitamin C). Activity of F4 also showed significantly higher (P<0.05) membrane stabilization than other fractions at 50-100 µg/mL. F4 exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than the other fractions. The activity of this fraction could be attributed to the synergetic effect of various antioxidant compounds present in the fraction. Some of the bioactive compounds identified in the GC-MS of F4 were coumaran, tyrosol, phytol, tetracosanol, elaidic acid methyl ester and β-sitosterol.Item Antioxidant and cytotoxicity of β-Amyrin acetate fraction from Bridellia ferruginea Leaves.(Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. Published by Elsevier, 2012) Fabiyi, O.A; Atolani, O; Adeyemi, O.S; Olatunji, G.AObjective: The objective of this work was to determine the beta-amyrin acetate fraction in leave extract of Bridelia ferruginea and evaluate for its antioxidant and cytotoxicity potentials. Methods: The dried and pulverized leaves of Bridelia ferruginea was extracted with hexane and then with ethyl acetate. The concentrated ethylacetate extract subjected to silica gel column chromatography and eluted with a mixture of equal volume of hexane and dichloromethane afforded two major fractions. The more polar fraction was concentrated and subjected to GCMS analysis which afforded the steroid, 12-Oleanen-3yl acetate commonly known as beta-amyrin acetate (66.14%). Its ability to act as a scavenger of DPPH radical and its cytotoxicity potential based on brine shrimp assay were investigated. Results: The DPPH antioxidant assay revealed that the fraction had a higher antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 158.2毺g/mL relative to gallic acid which had IC50 of 201.1 毺g/mL. The cytotoxicity assay using the brine shrimp a gave LC 50 values of 319 and 5.86 毺g/mL for acute and lethal doses respectively indicating extreme toxicity when compared to reference drug, cyclophosphamide which had LC50 value of 2506 毺 g/mL. Conclusions: Thus, the beta-amyrin acetate has been identified for the first time in the leave of Bridelia ferruginea. The data here suggest that the beta-amyrin acetate fraction of the leave of Bridelia ferruginea could be further explored in biological profiling requiring antioxidant and cytotoxic dependent therapeutics as the plant could be a viable source of antioxidant and cytotoxic agents in cancer chemotherapy in the near futureItem Application of composited municipal refuse dump site soil, orange, potato and pineapple peels in the control of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infecting carrots (Daucus carota L.).(The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management. Widener University, 2022) Fabiyi, O.AT Meloidogyne incognita is known to be a foremost pest of carrot in Nigeria. It is a component to appraise in carrot production. Application of synthetic nematicides as control measures is unsafe to humans and detrimental to the environment. Development of safe control process is worthwhile. Effect of three peels (potato, pineapple, orange) and composited soil from municipal refuse dump site was assessed and compared with carbofuran a standard synthetic nematicide at four different doses (0, 1500, 2000, 2500g and 2.0kg/a.i/ha, 1.5kg/a.i/ha, 1.0kg/a.i/ha and 0kg/a.i/ha for carbofuran) on carrot plants. The concentrations of heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn and Fe in the composited soil was determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Experimental pots were inoculated with approximately 2000 M. incognita juveniles, in a randomized complete block design experiment. The composited municipal refuse soil was analysed for the presence of fungi and bacteria using molecular methods based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reproduction and multiplication of M. incognita was significantly (p<0.05) low with all the treatment materials. Best inhibitory effect was observed in the soil of carrot plants treated with composited soil which had 49 nematode populations at harvest rather than 4606 recorded in untreated plants. Equally, heavier carrots were harvested in plants administered with composited soil (1309.6 gram), while the control plants had poor weight (312.7 gram). Performance of each waste material was quantity dependent. Gene sequencing revealed the presence of Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain ATCC 14909, P. putida strain ATCC 12633, P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 10145, Pseudomonas stutzeri NBRC 14165, Acinetobacter venetianus ATCC 31012, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 130047, Streptomyces spp B7-3TC02, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 13719, Aspergillus niger strain MPVCT 158, Penicillium georgiense strain EV 24 and Rhizopus oryzae strain ATCC 20344, which are beneficial soil microorganisms. The metal concentration analysis of the composited municipal refuse dump soil exhibited low concentrations of heavy metals which ranges from 0.002-1.03 mg/kg with Zinc (Zn) having the highest concentration. The waste materials are cheap and ecofriendly option that can be adopted as soil amendment in M. incognita infested fields to significantly boost yield in carrot production and reduce reliance on mineral fertilizer. The peels, as well as composited municipal refuse dump soil can be used to improve soil properties and substitute lost nutrients to enhance crop production, and at the same time mitigate the environmental consequences of inappropriate waste disposal problems in NigeriaItem Application of fatty acid esters on Meloidogyne incognita infected Jew’s mallow.(Pakistan Journal of Nematology. Pakistan Nematological Society, 2022) Fabiyi, O.A; Baker, M.A; Olatunji, G.AJew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius) is a vegetable of importance in Nigeria which is often times infested with root-knot nematodes (RKNs), thus reducing yield and expected income. Principally, synthetic nematicides are employed in the management of RKNs on agricultural fields. The synthetics are confronted with a web of regulations on account of their unhealty negative effect on humans and the environment. Plant protection is primarily saddled with replacing the synthetics. A promising technique is the application of bio-pesticides. Organic fatty acid esters (FAE) are reassuring materials with nematicidal activities. Medicinal plants are rich source of acid esters, hence Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae) leaves were extracted cold in ethyl acetate. This yielded crude extract that was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel 100-120 mesh grade), which afforded fractions that were analysed with GCMS and FTIR for constituent identification. The result shows octanoic acid; hexanoic acid methyl ester; ethyl octanoate; 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester; dodecanoic acid; octadecanoic acid methyl ester; decanoic acid; octadecanoic acid ethyl ester and tetradecanoic acid as the major components while the infra red spectral diagnostic signals agree with the expected vibrational frequencies corresponding to C-H and carbonyl C=O functional groups of fatty acid and esters. Jew’s mallow plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita on the field were treated with the fatty acid esters (FAE) and compared to deionised water and carbofuran as control in two season trials. There was increase in biomass and vegetative growth with notable reduction in M. incognita reproduction in plants treated with FAE at 0.75 mg/ml in the first and repeat experiments. Juvenile population per gram root and soil were reduced significantly at 0.75 and 0.50 mg/ml of FAE in comparison with control. Late flowering was recorded in the untreated control experiment, while plants treated with FAE flowered notably earlier. Application of FAE is recommended for the sustainable management of M. incognita in Jew’s mallow plants.Item Application of furfural in sugarcane nematode pest management. Pakistan Journal of Nematology.(Pakistan Journal of Nematology. Pakistan Society Nematology, 2021) Fabiyi, O.ASugarcane, Saccharum officinarum is a foremost crop which is widely grown for sugar production. A major impediment to sugarcane cultivation is the infestation by plant parasitic nematodes most notably, the cyst nematode Heterodera sacchari. Broadly, synthetic nematicides are utilized in the suppression of soil nematode infestation of sugarcane, with positive outcome in yield. However, emergence of resistant nematode strains and health hazards are associated with the ceaseless use of the synthetics. The efficacy of furfural (2-furanaldehyde) from agricultural biomass waste was examined as a practicable replacement to the regular synthetic nematicide. Agricultural wastes were collected and refluxed with hydrochloric acid to produce furfural. Growth response of sugarcane plants increased significantly (p=0.05) with the highest concentration (75 mg) of furfural. A reduction in nematode population in soil of treated plants was remarked. The results indicated that furfural could be practically applied in the management of nematode pests of sugarcane, while safe guarding the environment from pollution.Item Application of Green Synthesis in Nano Particles Preparation: Ficus mucoso Extracts in the Management of Meloidogyne incognita Parasitizing Groundnut Arachis hypogea.(Indian Journal of Nematology. Indian Nematological Society, 2018) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.ASilver nano particles with nematicidal properties was synthesised with aqueous extracts of Ficus mucoso bark as reducing agent. The resulting nano particles are characterised using U.V visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nano particles are spherical in shape with 2nm size, which exhibited significant (p=0.05) nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita on groundnut. The highest rate of application (80 mL) was the most effective. Significantly (p=0.05), vegetative growth and fruit weight was enhanced in different degrees with a decrease in nematode population. Ficus mucoso silver nano particles could be efficiently used in Meloidogyne incognita management on groundnut fieldsItem Bio-fortification: quality improvement of Faba beans.(Springer Nature, 2022) Abiodun, O.A; Dauda, A.O; Fabiyi, O.A; Akintayo, F.MFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the major legume crops and belongs to genus Vicia L. in the family Fabaceae. Faba bean known as field bean, horse bean, and broad bean is regarded as one of the ancient accustomed legume among humans (Fig. 11.1) (Abebe et al., 2014). For over 8000 years it is a part of the diet in the Mediterranean, and it has spread throughout the world from here. China is the world largest producer of faba bean, they contribute 50% of worlds production and they are closely followed by Ethiopia, thus making Ethiopia the largest producer of faba bean in Africa (Chopra et al., 1989; FAOSTAT, 2007). There are various cultivars with large and small seeds (Bond et al., 1985). About 26,000 accessions are reportedly held in gene banks, collections could be found in ICARDA International Centre for Agricultural Research in the dry areas in Syria and the Vavilov Institute in Russia. Faba bean is one of the most important legume crops cultivated due to its high yielding potential, nutritional composition and the role as cover and forage crops (Maalouf et al., 2018a). Faba beans had been known to improve cereal based system and soil fertility through nitrogen fixation (Maalouf et al., 2018a; Jensen et al., 2010). Faba bean is low cost food rich in protein and adapts to all the ecological regions of the world, hence it is grown from the arctic circle to the equator and equally from the high altitudes to sea level. The majority of undernourished populations are in the developing countries of the world, they rely on faba bean as a crucial protein source for the low income group and rural populationsItem Blighia sapida; The Plant and Its Hypoglycins an Overview.(Journal of Scientific Research ,Institute of Chemistry, University of The Punjabi Pakistan, 2009) Atolani, O; Olatunji, G.A; Fabiyi, O.ABlighia sapida g; family Sapindaceae is a multi purpose medicinal plant popular in the western Africa. It is well known for its food value and its poisonous chemical contents being hypoglycins A& B (unusual amino acids.) The hypoglycin Ais more available in the fruit than hypoglycin B. Hypoglycin A have been used as glucose inhibitor therapy, thereby giving room for the plant to be used for orthodox medicinal purposes in future. Its other therapeutic values have been reported as well. The ingestion of hypoglycin A forms a metabolite called methylenecyclopropane acetyl CoA (MCPACoA) which inhibit several enzymes A dehydrogenases which are essential for gluconeogenesis. This review covers history, description, origin and uses of Blighia sapida with emphasy on the fruit and its associated biologically active component (hypoglycins) and tries to show why the plant can be used as the sources of many potential drugs in treatment of diseases, especially glucose related ones. The mechanism of hypoglycin A metabolism is also explained. The hypoglycin A potential glucosesuppressing activities warranted further studies for the development of new anti-diabetes drugs with improved therapeutic valuesItem Characterization, phytochemical analysis and nematicidal activity of Daniella oliveri leave on Meloidogyne incognita.(Pakistan Journal of Nematology. Pakistan Nematological Society, 2014) Fabiyi, O.AThis study was carried out to identify and evaluate the nematicidal potential of Daniella oliveri leaves. The leaves of D. oliveri were air dried and extracted with n-hexane, there after acetone. The concentrated extracts were subjected to chromatography on a silica gel packed column. The nematicidal activity of the fractions were evaluated in the laboratory using a 4x4x3 factorial experiment, while the crude extracts were tested on Meloidogyne incognita infecting Abelmoschus esculentus in the field. Three hundred juveniles were used for the assessment. Acetone extract coded DNLO/Me2CO caused a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant as compared with Carbofuran (p<0.05). In the laboratory, chromatographic fractions from acetone extract had the highest percentage juvenile mortality. The infrared analysis of the fractions revealed the presence of anhydride and carbonyl stretching frequencies at 3638, 1702, 1735 and 1771 cm-1. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of the fractions showed signals that agreed with ozoic and daniellic acids. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, reducing sugars, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates. Nematicidal activity of D. oliveri leaves is being reported for the first time. The crude extracts and chromatographic fractions are potent at very low concentrations compared with standard carbofuran. Therefore, the leaves of D. oliveri could be employed as a viable source of natural nematicide instead of synthetic toxic nematicidesItem Chemical characterization, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-toxoplasma gondii and antimicrobial potential of the Citrus sinensis seed oil for sustainable cosmeceutical production.(Heliyon Elsevier, 2020) Atolani, O; Adamu, N; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Areh, E.T; Tarigha, D.E; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.AThere are growing concerns about the chronic and acute effects of synthetic additives such as antibacterial, fragrances, colourants and stabilizing agents used in the production of various household products. Many household products and materials including cosmetic products are reportedly suspected to be carcinogenic with some acting as endocrine disruptors among other effects. Thus, environmental-friendly alternatives such as products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals are becoming consumers' preferred choice especially in the beauty and cosmetic sector. ‘Green’ preparation of medicinal soaps devoid of any synthetic additives was made from underutilized tropical seed of Citrus sinensis seed oil and some natural additives comprising of natural honey, Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract, Moringa oleifera seed oil and coconut oil. Precisely, the seed oil of the underexplored C. sinensis was obtained via soxhlet extraction and saponified with natural lye solution at different ratios to produce soaps of varying characteristics. The incorporation of honey and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract provided additional antimicrobial, antioxidant and fragrance properties. Physico-chemical parameters of the oil and soaps were determined following standard procedures while the fatty acid profile of the trans-esterified oil was determined using GC–MS. The antimicrobial potential of the oil and soaps were assessed using agar diffusion method at concentrations 200 mg/mL and below. Linoleic acid (36%) and oleic acid (27%) were the most prominent in C. sinensis seed oil. The soap had antimicrobial potential comparable to commercial product. The soap samples recorded highest anti-bacteria activities (22.0 1.0–23.0 1.0) against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and notable anti-fungi activities (18.0 1.0) against Penicillium notatum and Candida albicans. Additionally, the oil showed moderate anti-parasite (anit-toxoplasma gondii) activity (EC50 500 μg/mL) but with improved selectivity that precludes oxidative stress while the prepared medicinal soaps exhibited remarkable antioxidant property. The utilization of these locally sourced resources will prevent the daily introduction of synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant chemicals into the environment. The initiative avail a sustainable production of environmentally-benign cosmetic products besides conversion of waste to wealth agrees which aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Item Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-lipooxygenase, antimicrobial, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity of Polyalthia longifolia seed oil.(Medicinal Chemistry Research Springer nature, 2019) Atolani, O; Areh, E.T; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Tarigha, D.E; Adamu, N; Adeyemi, O.S; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.AThis work investigates the chemical compositions of Polyalthia longifolia Thw. seed oil with the associated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity potentials. The oil of P. longifolia seed obtained by soxhlet extraction was trans-esterified and the fatty acid profile characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungi properties of the oil were determine on clinical isolates of the organisms using agar diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activities, cytotoxicity and anti-parasite potential were evaluated using lipooxygenase, mammalian cell and Toxoplasma gondii assays respectively. P. longifolia seed was observed to contain oleic (30.31%), linoleic acid (19.27%) and palmitic acid (15.11%) as the major fatty acids with low proportion of tricosylic acid (6.10) and stearic acid (5.56%). The oil had significant anti-lipooxygenase activity (IC50 = 0.70 ± 0.02 µg/mL) comparable to indomethacin (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.07 µg/mL). The DPPH (IC50 = 55.91 ± 31.18 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 16.89 ± 15.50 µg/mL) antioxidant activity of the oil was lower to the ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.04 and 0.54 ± 0.04 µg/mL). The oil also showed activities against all the tested bacteria and fungi. The highest inhibition was recorded against S. aureus (17 ± 1 mm) at concentration 200 mg/mL. Further, the oils showed strong potential to restrict growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro, but the parasite growth inhibition was mildly abated in the presence of α- tocopherol. The seed oil of the underutilized P. longifolia possesses essential fatty acids which could be responsible for the numerous biological potentials which include anti-lipooxygenase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The incorporation of the natural oil into pharmaceuticals or cosmetics may enhance antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential of such products.Item Composites based on poly (vinyl chloride) and organically modified clay.(Asian Journal of Chemistry. Asian Chemical Society, 2018) Azeh, Y; Elele, U.U.; Muhamad, A.M; Yohanna, B.P.; Fabiyi, O.A; Saliu, O.D; Muhammad, U.B; Ameh, O.A.E; Garba, B; Yusuf, B.MComposite based on native and chemically modified clay have been prepared via stir-solution intarcalation method in poly(vinyl chloride) method (PVC) matrix using dimethyl sulphoxide as a solvent and ethylene glycol as a plasticizer. The composite structures based on PVC-native clay (control) and PVC-organo clay were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results indicated that the modified clay particles were well intercalated and homogeneously dispersed in the PVC matrix. As a result, exfoliated PVC-organoclay composite were formed. The success of modification was revealed by FT-IR result as it confirmed the formation of CO, -COO- CH3 and -C-CH3. The formation of hydrogen bonds between the solvent molecules (dimethyl sulfoxide) and the inner surface hydroxyl groups of clay was evidenced by the appearance of hydrogen bonds. the elemental analysis of clay samples made by EDX indicated the presence of radon, a radioactive element in clay samples up to 52% of the total concentration of elements present in the clay sample. Biodegradation studies showed that microbes were able to biodegrade composites with high activity recorded at dump site. Absorption kinetics of composites showed that organoclay-PVC composites were resistant to water, acid and base solutions compared to control samples based on immersion time for the test. This study demonstrated that vinegar is useful for the chemical modification of clay for enhanced surface interaction with PVC and improvement of barrier properties.Item Cytotoxicity and Nematicidal Potential of Leaf Extracts of Adansonia digitata and Khaya senegalensis on Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Associated with Cabbage (Brassica oleracea).(Journal of Agricultural Sciences-Sri Lanka. Sabaragamuwa University Sri Lanka, 2022) Fabiyi, O.APurpose: Cabbage, an indispensable vegetable is often plagued by Meloidogyne incognita, a circumstance which lessens yield. Extracts of Khaya senegalensis and Adansonia digitata were appraised for possible nematicidal activity to check the menace of M. incognita sequel to the undesirable effect of synthetic nematicides in the environment. Research Method: Leaf materials were extracted in organic and aqueous extracts. The extracts were used as soil admix at 0, 150, 200 and 250 g/Kg soil, in a randomized complete block design experiment. Carbofuran a synthetic nematicide served as positive check for the extracts. Data was taken on vegetative growth, yield and nematode population. Lethality of the various extracts to brine shrimp larvae was also assessed. Findings: The aqueous extract was not as productive as the ethanol and methanol extracts. A. digitata extracts demonstrated weak nematicidal activity as against what was observed in cabbage plants treated with K. senegalensis extracts. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the organic and aqueous extracts of A. digitata indicated that the methanol extract expressed weak cytotoxicity (500 µg/ml - 1000 µg/ml), while the aqueous and ethanol extracts were not toxic to the brine shrimps (LC50 >1000µg/mL). K. senegalensis extracts were active against brine shrimp larvae with LC50 values <1000µg/mL The methanol and ethanol extracts demonstrated strong cytotoxicity with LC50 values <100µg/ml. Extracts from K. senegalensis significantly (p=0.05) increased the vegetative growth of cabbage plants. Originality/ Value: These results signify that the species have a probable use in the bio-pesticide industry, without any toxicity as the synthetics.Item Effect of Bromination and Oxidation on the Nematicidal Potential of Orange Peel Oil Using Pratylenchus penetrans Infecting Maize.(Pakistan Journal of Nematology. Pakistan Nematological Society, 2014) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Aramide, A.TStudy was conducted to investigate the effect of oxidation and bromination of fresh and decomposed orange peels on the nematicidal potential of orange peel oil against Pratylenchus penetrans. Results showed that the oxidised/brominated orange peel oils were significantly effective at (p ≤ 0.05) than ordinary orange peel oils and compared with the standard mocap. The decomposed orange peel oil was effective than the fresh peel oil and showed 51.42% mortality as compared to 39.38% after 24 hrs. Plants received brominated/oxidised oils were taller with better yields than untreated and nematode infested plots in the field. The GC/MS result indicated that the major constituents of the orange peel oils were limonene, octanal and citroneloll.Item ). Effect of thermal degraded products of Cymbopogon citratus on the in vitro survival of Meloidogyne incognita eggs and juveniles.(Ceylon Journal of Science. University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., 2018) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Adebayo, M.O; Atolani, OThe products of thermally-degraded Cymbopogon citratus were evaluated for nematicidal activity as an alternative of toxic synthetics. The products exhibited moderate nematicidal activity, but not as significantly (p<0.05) effective as carbofuran, a synthetic nematicide. Thermally degraded products of fresh Cymbopogon citratus (CMGC/th/fresh) was the most promising at 90 mg/mL and could be used in place of the toxic synthetic nematicideItem Efficacy of Agricultural Wastes in the Control of Rice Cyst Nematode (Heterodera sacchari).(Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. University of Zagreb, 2018) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.A; Osunlola, O.S; Umar, K.ARice cultivation is endangered by plant parasitic nematodes. Rice cyst nematode (Heterodera sacchari Luc & Merni, 1963) is one of the nematode pests which affect the quantity and quality of rice. The use of synthetic nematicide has reduced considerably yield losses incurred by H. sacchari infestation; this achievement is associated with environmental damage and occurrence of pesticide residue in food. In an effort to redeem the environment, development of alternatives to conventional nematicide is imperative. Agricultural wastes are renewable source of bio-pesticides if properly processed. The objectives of this research were: to hydrolyze pentoses and convert it to furfural in agricultural wastes; to determine the amount of furfural in 100, 150 and 200 g of agricultural waste; to incorporate the agricultural waste material into the soil as soil amendment; to determine how much furfural was released in the process of acidic/ enzymatic hydrolysis of the biomaterial, and to determine the nematicidal effect of furfural in control of rice cyst nematode. Corn cobs (CNCB), rice husks (RCEH) and sorghum husks (SGMH) were digested for furfural production in place of synthetic nematicide carbofuran (CBFN) options in the management of rice cyst nematode. The quantity of furfural in 100, 150 and 200 g of each waste was determined, and the agricultural wastes were applied as soil admixes. The sorghum husk (SGMH) produced the highest furfural amount (0.796). At quantity of 200 g SGMH was significantly (p=0.05) better than all other treatments on plant height, number of tillers and rice yield. There was no significant difference of the effect of rate of application (level) on final cyst count in soil and root. Agricultural wastes, especially sorghum husks, can serve as an alternative to the use of synthetic nematicide. Residual furfural was absent in the agricultural waste after harvest. Furfural is quickly broken down by soil microorganisms under aerobic conditions; hence, it is not toxic to the environmentItem Environmental Sustainability: Bioactivity of Leucaena leucocephala Leaves and Pesticide Residue analysis in Tomato Fruits.(Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. Mendel University in Brno, 2021) Fabiyi, O.A; Olatunji, G.AField studies were conducted on the application of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extracts as an alternative to carbofuran a synthetic nematicide, while possible residues of carbofuran in tomato fruits were also analysed. Acetone, methanol and petroleum ether fractions of the leaves of L. leucocephala were applied at 200 mg/mL in variants of 100 mL, 150 mL and 200 mL to a naturally nematode infested field. Comparison was made with carbofuran a synthetic insecticide and nematicide. Samples of tomato fruits from carbofuran treated and untreated beds were extracted with ethyl acetate for residual pesticide analysis to ascertain the exceedance of the maximum residue limit (MRL). Results revealed that pesticide residue was significantly (p = 0.05) higher in plots treated with carbofuran compared with standard MRL for carbofuran in tomatoes. Crude extracts of L. leucocephala were as effective as carbofuran, while the fraction was however significantly better in producing higher numbers of fruits and reduced nematode population in root and soil of tomato plantsItem Evaluation of Nematicidal activity of Terminalia glaucescens fractions against Meloidogyne incognita on Capsicum chinense.(Journal of Horticulture Research., 2021) Fabiyi, O.ANematodes are widespread organisms and pose a serious problem in vegetable production. The use of synthetic nematicides is a common method of bringing down the nematode population to increase crop yield. This has, however, brought about serious pollution to the environment. Leaves and twigs of Terminalia glaucescens were extracted in organic solvents and then chromatographed on a silica gel column. Chromatographic fractions obtained from the methanol and acetone crude extracts were characterized with UV-visible, FTIR, and GCMS and tested for their potential nematode suppressing activity in field micro plots. Spectroscopic analysis of the fractions revealed the presence of compounds such as aldehydes, acids, ketones, phenols, terpenes, hydrocarbons, and fatty acid esters. The extract fractions of T. glaucescens were applied at 100, 75, and 50 mg·ml-1 at 100 ml each and carbofuran at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg a.i.·ha-1. The vegetative growth of pepper plants as well as the number and weight of fruits increased significantly in plants treated with the above-mentioned extract fractions. The protective role of fractions compared favorably with the synthetic nematicide (carbofuran). The most effective in reduction of the nematode population, and plant growth and yield was the highest concentration of 100 mg·ml-1. Thus, organic solvent extract fractions from T. glaucescens can serve as a biopesticide and an alternative to the environmentally hazardous synthetic nematicide.Item Evaluation of plant materials as root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) suppressant in okro (Abelmuscous esculentus).(Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. University of Zagreb, 2021) Fabiyi, O.APlant parasitic nematodes are one of the most important pests on agricultural fields; they cause serious damage to crops. Synthetic pesticides have been used lately to combat the menace of nematodes. Pesticide residues have however been detected in fruits and vegetables due to the residual effect of nematicides in the environment. To minimize the negative effect of synthetic nematicides, it is important to search for alternative plant protection methods. In this study, plant materials (Euphorbia heterophylla, Hyptis suaveolens, Eucalyptus officinalis, Ocimum gratismum and Crotolaria juncea) were investigated as soil amendments for possible reduction of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) populations on okra (Abelmuscous esculentus). Results revealed that the highest rate of amendment with E. officinalis reduced significantly (p<0.05) the number of root galls, egg masses and juveniles, with a simultaneous increase in okra yield. Thus soil amendments with E. officinalis could be an alternative to synthetic nematicide in M. incognita management.
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