Browsing by Author "Kadir R.E."
Now showing 1 - 20 of 21
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item A new model for alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats(Bangladesh Society of Physiologists, 2019) Ojulari L.S.; Oladeru O.O.; Ayinde T.O.; Kadir R.E.; Dangana O.E.; Alade I.O.Background:Alloxan is widely used to induce experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) in animals with different grades of disease severity by varying the dose of Alloxan used. This method has however be questioned by recent research work as an appropriate technique for the induction of diabetes. Objective: To provide a simple, yet concise and reproducible experimental procedure and model for Alloxan-induced DM in rats. Methods: The study was divided into 2 separate experiments. Experiment 1: Alloxan was administered, into four subgroups each (group 1- 100 mg of Alloxan /kg of rat body weight, group 2- 120 mg/kg, group 3- 150 mg/kg, and group 4- 170 mg/kg); in each subgroup, the dose of Alloxan was administered at different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml) in groups of 10 rats each. The pre-induction fasting period was also varied between groups. Experiment 2:Following a pre-induction fasting period of 36 hours, animals received 150 mg Alloxan /kg body weight and at a concentration of 20 mg Alloxan/ ml. Result:Alloxan administered intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg of rat body weight, at 20 mg/ml and following a pre-induction fast period of 36 hours yielded the most favorably conditions with the least recorded mortality. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that alloxan is a diabetogenic drug with a strict protocol of use in inducing a predictable DM in rats and as such, this model is a standard and reproducible technique for the induction of DM in experimental rats.Item Alterations in the levels of female sex hormones following administration of nicotine to Wistar rats(Library and Publications Committee, University of Ilorin, 2019) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Alabi A.S.; Olayaki L.A.; Femi-Akinlosotu O.The indiscriminate use of nicotine is a serious public health challenge worldwide. In this work, the effect of nicotine was studied on female sex hormones using adult female Wistar rats. Fifteen (15) animals were grouped into three equally as, Group A (Control, given 0.1 ml of normal saline), Group B (given 0.03 mg/kg nicotine), and Group C (received 0.06 mg/kg nicotine). All administration was via the intraperitoneal route, once daily for five (5) consecutive days. All the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation about 24 hours after the last treatment, and intracardial blood samples obtained. Using appropriate biochemical kits, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, oestrogen and progesterone were determined. The results showed a dose-dependent significant increase in serum levels of the gonadotropins and progesterone, and a marked increase in serum levels of oestrogen and prolactin in animals treated with low dose nicotine, but significantly low levels of these hormones were recorded in animals treated with higher dose of nicotine. Administration of nicotine affects the female sex hormones adversely, and this by extension could affect female reproductive activities.Item Alterations of Kiss 1 receptor, GnRH receptor and nuclear receptors of the hypothalamopituitary-ovarian axis following low dose bisphenol-A exposure in Wistar rats(Korean Association of Anatomists, 2021) Kadir R.E.; Imam A.; Olajide O.J.; Ajao M.S.Bisphenol A is a chemical used primarily as a monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is a synthetic chemical compound that is produced in billions of pounds annually, and tagged as an endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol A is a high production synthetic chemical compound that is used in the production of many consumables and equipments of daily consumption and use by man. Growing interest in possible health threats posed by endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol-A inclusive), as these substances are in our environment, food, and many consumer products. Therefore, this study aims to determine bisphenol-A effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis, and role of melatonin in this regard. Forty-two Wistar rats were bred, grouped into 7, with each group consisting of 6 rats. Experimental groups were administered low and high doses of bisphenol-A and melatonin, starting from day 19, and was continued for 7 weeks orally. They were left to develop into full adults and were sacrificed on day 120±4 days. Blood samples, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovarian tissues were excised for biochemical and tissue antioxidants assays as well as genetic studies. Results show elevated gonadotropin and androgen levels. There was disruption of reactive oxygen species in the ovarian tissues, as well as alterations in the expression of genes that regulate reproduction at the hypothalamus and pituitary levels. Conclusion of early exposure to bisphenol-A is associated with prolonged duration of disruption of reproductive functions in female Wistar rats, which persist long after cessation of the exposure. Melatonin antioxidant effects give some promising outturns against bisphenol-A induced toxicities.Item Altered testicular histomorphometric and antioxidant levels following in vivo Bisphenol-A administration(School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2021) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Gegele T.A.; Lawal I.A.; Sulu-Gambari L.; Sulaimon F.A.; Omotoso G.O.Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a pervasive environmental toxin that is used in the production processes of many consumables and equipment that are in daily application. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of BPA on the structural and functional integrity of the reproductive system in male Wistar rats and its interaction with melatonin. Methods: Adult female rats in pro-estrus phases were mated with adult male rats and the conception determined. The male pups were divided into two groups of A and B. These groups were further subdivided into six subgroups each. They were administered varying low doses of BPA (25 or 50mg/kg) and melatonin (10mg/kg) at neonatal and adolescent ages. The testes, epididymis and blood samples were collected for histological, semen and biochemical investigations, respectively. Results: The results show that BPA caused histological alterations, reduced quality and quantity of sperm cells, and induced oxidative stress at birth and adolescence. Conclusion: Bisphenol A exposure, even at low dose, is toxic to the male reproductive system, and melatonin administration did not significantly improve the alterations caused by the BPAItem Central Cholinergic Markers and Spatial memory Performance in rats following administration of Rauwolfia Vomitoria and Chlorpromazine(Centre Point Journal (Science Edition). Published by Library and Publication Committee, University of Ilorin, 2015) Ajao M.S.; Imam A.; Adana M.Y.; Kareem S.B.; Alabi A.S.; Olawepo A.; Okesina A.; Kadir R.E.; Oyewopo A.O.The study was designed to compare the effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine on metabolic activities, spatial memory performance, central cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers and neurohistoarchitecture in the brain of adult wistar rats. Twenty five adult male wister rats weighing between 200 - 230 g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) received 2mls of normal saline daily, Group B received 5mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group C received 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group D received 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria and Group E received 300 mg/kg of R. vomitoria orally. All the medications were given daily for 21 days. Body weights were taken weekly and recorded. A y-maze apparatus was used to assess the spatial memory performance in the rats at days 14 and 21 of the experiment. All the animals were euthanized using 20mg/kgbw of intramuscular ketamine, cardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and the brains were removed, some were homogenised for analysis of central cholinergic markers and others for histological analysis. Low doses of chlorpromazine increase body weight and Rauwolfia vomitoria increase central cholinergic markers. The findings of the study show that R.vomitoria and chlorpromazine exert differential and dosage dependent effects on body weight, central cholinergic neurons and learning performance. The conclusion from the study indicates that R. vomitoria could be a better alternative drug in the treatment of psychosis with lesser metabolic and central nervous system side effects.Item Central cholinergic markers and spatial performance in rats following administration of rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine(Center Point Journal (Science Edition). The Official Journal of the Library and Publications Committee, University of Ilorin, Ilorin., 2015) Ajao M.S.; Imam A.; Adana M.Y.; Kareem S.B.; Alabi A.S.; Olawepo A.; Okesina A.A.; Kadir R.E.; Oyewopo A.O.The study was designed to compare the effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine on metabolic activities, spatial memory performance, central cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers and neurohistoarchitecture in the brain of adult wistar rats. Twenty five adult male wister rats weighing between 200 - 230 g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) received 2mls of normal saline daily, Group B received 5mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group C received 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group D received 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria and Group E received 300 mg/kg of R. vomitoria orally. All the medications were given daily for 21 days. Body weights were taken weekly and recorded. A y-maze apparatus was used to assess the spatial memory performance in the rats at days 14 and 21 of the experiment. All the animals were euthanized using 20mg/kgbw of intramuscular ketamine, cardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and the brains were removed, some were homogenised for analysis of central cholinergic markers and others for histological analysis. Low doses of chlorpromazine increase body weight and Rauwolfia vomitoria increase central cholinergic markers. The findings of the study show that R.vomitoria and chlorpromazine exert differential and dosage dependent effects on body weight, central cholinergic neurons and learning performance. The conclusion from the study indicates that R. vomitoria could be a better alternative drug in the treatment of psychosis with lesser metabolic and central nervous system side effects.Item Cephalometric study of mouth morphology among major Nigerian tribes(Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2015) Akinlolu A.A.; Akinola B.O.; Nurudeen R.L.; Kadir R.E.; Ajao M.S.We tested the hypothesis that Nigerians of the three major tribes of Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo are of similar cephalometric parameters (morphological patterns) of the lips and mouth. 300 subjects were selected from each of Hausa, Igbo or Yoruba tribe. A total of nine hundred (900) randomly selected volunteered subjects aged 18 – 30 years (450 males and 450 females) who were of Hausa, Igbo or Yoruba tribe by both parent and grandparents were, therefore, used in the study. Cephalometric parameters measured include: width of the philtrum, width of the mouth (length of the labial fissure), height of the upper lip, height of the cutaneous upper lip, height of the cutaneous lower lip, height of the lower lip, depth of the body of mandible and the vermilion heights of upper and lower lips. The statistical significance of the differences between the tribes was determined by using the student’s t-test at p≤0.05. No statistically significant differences exist between the cephalometric parameters of the tribes studied. Our findings are, therefore, consistent with the stated hypothesis.Item Comparative oestrogenic effects of Allium sativum and Allium cepa in ovariectomised rats(Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2022) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Lawal I.A.; Sulu-Gambari L.; Hussein A/; Hamza A.; Aliagan I.A.; Oyewole L.A.Oestrogens are steroid hormones that influence the growth, differentiation, and functioning of many target organs, including the male and female reproductive organs. Menopause, an important sign of aging in women is characterized by oestrogen depletion, which is associated with many menopausal problems. Oestrogen supplements that are mostly used are not readily safe and have been reported to cause serious health hazards Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that are essentially correspondent to oestradiol (17-β oestradiol) and can relate with oestrogen receptors to elevate and/or prohibit oestrogenic responses. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible therapeutic efficacy of Allium sativum and Allium cepa on oestrogenic activities of adult ovariectomised wistar rats. Adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized, then administered various doses of the extracts for 28days, then sacrificed and tissues harvested for analysis. Results shows Allium cepa and quercetin to increase endometrial thickness, increase neural cells in synaptophysin stained cells of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. A conclusion of Allium cepa possessing similar estrogenic properties as estradiol group in these ovariectomized rats was drawn, which can offer some ameliorative effects of estrogen deficiency.Item Comparative oestrogenic effects of Allium sativum and Allium cepa in ovariectomised rats(Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2022) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Lawal I.A.; Sulu-Gambari L.; Hussein A.; Hamza A.; Aliagan I.A.; Oyewole L.A.Oestrogens are steroid hormones that influence the growth, differentiation, and functioning of many target organs, including the male and female reproductive organs. Menopause, an important sign of aging in women is characterized by oestrogen depletion, which is associated with many menopausal problems. Oestrogen supplements that are mostly used are not readily safe and have been reported to cause serious health hazards Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that are essentially correspondent to oestradiol (17-β oestradiol) and can relate with oestrogen receptors to elevate and/or prohibit oestrogenic responses. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible therapeutic efficacy of Allium sativum and Allium cepa on oestrogenic activities of adult ovariectomised wistar rats. Adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized, then administered various doses of the extracts for 28days, then sacrificed and tissues harvested for analysis. Results shows Allium cepa and quercetin to increase endometrial thickness, increase neural cells in synaptophysin stained cells of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. A conclusion of Allium cepa possessing similar estrogenic properties as estradiol group in these ovariectomized rats was drawn, which can offer some ameliorative effects of estrogen deficiency.Item Effects of Telfairia occidentalis on the haematological parameters, liver and spleen of pregnant Wistar rats(The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences. Published by College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2012-07) Kadir R.E.; Omotoso G.O.; Akinlolu A.A.; Enaibe B.U.; Gbenle O.B.Telfairia occidentalis is a dioecious perennial vine widely used for its medicinal and dietary benefits. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of T.occidentalis on haematological parameters of pregnant rats following oral administration, as well as its effects on the liver and spleen of these rats. Fifteen pregnant Wistar rats weighing between 110-130 g were used for the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups: Group A was the control, Group B was the treatment group given T. occidentalis twice daily for 4 days, while Group C received the extract twice daily for 10 days. Findings showed increase size in hepatocytes of the treated groups and increase in the trabeculae and white pulp of the treated group non-statistically significant increases The symptoms of protein energy malnutrition in haematological parameters (RBC, PCV haemoglobin level and lymphocyte count) of treated animals. These increases in blood parameters observed in this study were not as pronounced as those obtainable in non-pregnant and male rats.Item Favourable Pregnancy Outcome following Gliclazide use throughout Pregnancy in Diabetic Female Sprague-Dawley rats(Lagos State University,, 2018) Ojulari L.S.; Kadir R.E.; Abdulazeez F.I.; Olarewaju T.A.; Jimoh-Abdulghaffar H.O.; Adegoke O.A.Item Low dose bitter leaf improves sperm quality and boosts sperm counts disrupted by the immunosuppressive effects of prednisolone(Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 2020) Kadir R.E.; Ibrahim A.; Ibrahim B.A.; Gwadabe S.M.; Sulaiman-Jaji R.; Adigun M.F.; Oyewopo A.O.Background: Synthetic prednisolone (PRED) is a widely used over-the-counter glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids have inhibitory effects on the immune system and are often used as immunosuppressive agents. Suppressed immunity may impact fertility via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Bitter leaf (BL) has been shown to improve sperm parameters, but its effects on immunosuppression-associated infertility have not yet been documented. Objective: To determine the fertility effects of bitter leaf on immunosuppressed Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 5/each). Group A served as a control and were given distilled water in addition to normal feeds, group B received 2 mg/kg PRED for 14 days and served as the standard immunosuppressed group, and groups C-F were immunosuppressed as in B but in addition received 50 mg/kg levamisole, low-dose (250 mg/kg) BL, highdose (375 mg/kg) BL, and low-dose BL + levamisole, respectively. The CD4 counts, hematological parameters, and sperm parameters were analyzed and compared. Results: There were significant decreases in sperm motility, progressive motility, morphology, and life/death ratio in the animals given PRED only compared to the controls (p = 0.002, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.01, respectively). These were significantly increased in the treated groups, and animals given levamisole and 250 mg/kg BL showed significantly increased sperm counts compared to the controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Low-dose BL (250 mg/kg) restored the sperm parameters altered by prednisolone administration.Item Memory, neurogenic protein and oxidative deficits of frontal cortex following chlorpyrifos/dichlorvos exposure in rats(College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Nigeria, 2022) Kadir R.E.; Gegele T.A.; Kola-Taiwo I.O.; Oyewole A.L.; Ibrahim A.; Imam A.; Chengetanai S.; Ajao M.S.Objective: The use of xenobiotics to boost agricultural productivity has led to toxic chemicals exposure including organophosphates, causing adverse health outcomes including behavioral and neuronal impairments. This study aimed to evaluate the memory indices, possible oxidative and cholinesterase outturns on the frontal cortices of rats exposed to organophosphates. Methodology: Thirty-two Wistar rats were grouped into four. They received 1ml/kg of Normal, 8.8 mg/kg dichlorvos, 14.9 mg/kg chlopyrifos, and 8.8 mg/kg dichlorvos plus 14.9mg/kg chlorpyrifos respectively. They had training trials in the Y Maze paradigm then spatial working memory assessment. They were euthanized 24hours following exposure and tissues excised for analysis. Results: A marked reduction in metabolic markers, Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE) activity, spatial memory indices and proliferative neuron marker (Ki67) were observed. Also, increase in oxidative stress markers in the frontal cortices of the organophosphates exposed rats. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated neurotoxic effects of organophosphates in rats.Item Moringa oleifera ameliorates cuprizone-induced cerebellar damage in adult female rats(Research Journal of Health Sciences, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Lewu S.F.; Gbadamosi I.T; Akinlolu A.A.; Adunmo G.O.; Kolo R.M.; Lawal M.O; Ameen M.O.Objectives: Cuprizone is a neurotoxicant used in modeling demyelinating disorders. This study explored the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) on oxidative, histomorphological and behavioural changes in cuprizone-damaged cerebellum. Methods: Twenty adult female Wistar rats were grouped into 4, each group having five animals. Group A received 1 ml of normal saline (Control); group B received 0.4% cuprizone; group C received 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera leaf extract; group D received 0.4% cuprizone and 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera, orally for 5 weeks. The animals were assessed for exploratory and locomotor activities, while the cerebellum was processed for histology and assayed for nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Results: Cuprizone treatment caused weight reduction, disruption of Purkinje cell layer, cellular degeneration, reduction in NO, CAT and SOD activities. However, these changes were ameliorated when co-administered with MO. Conclusion: The anti-oxidative property of Moringa oleifera is responsible for its ameliorative effect in cuprizone neurotoxicity. Keywords: demyelination, cuprizone, cerebellar damage, Moringa oleifera, oxidative enzymesItem Moringa oleifera ameliorates cuprizone-induced cerebellar damage in adult female rats(College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Lewu S.F.; Gbadamosi I.T.; Akinlolu A.A.; Adunmo G.O.; Kolo R.M.; Lawal M.O.; Ameen M.O.Objectives: Cuprizone is a neurotoxicant used in modeling demyelinating disorders. This study explored the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) on oxidative, histomorphological and behavioural changes in cuprizone-damaged cerebellum. Methods: Twenty adult female Wistar rats were grouped into 4, each group having five animals. Group A received 1 ml of normal saline (Control); group B received 0.4% cuprizone; group C received 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera leaf extract; group D received 0.4% cuprizone and 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera, orally for 5 weeks. The animals were assessed for exploratory and locomotor activities, while the cerebellum was processed for histology and assayed for nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Results: Cuprizone treatment caused weight reduction, disruption of Purkinje cell layer, cellular degeneration, reduction in NO, CAT and SOD activities. However, these changes were ameliorated when co-administered with MO. Conclusion: The anti-oxidative property of Moringa oleifera is responsible for its ameliorative effect in cuprizone neurotoxicity.Item Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientum ameliorated 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced upregulations of Ki67 and multidrug resistance 1 genes in rats(Qassim University, 2021) Akinlolu A.A.; Oyewopo A.O.; Kadir R.E.; Lawal A.; Ademiloye J.; Jubril A.; Ameen M.O.; Ebito G.E.Objectives: Moringa oleifera (MO) and Musa sapientum (MS) are plants of ethnomedicinal importance. We evaluated the effects of MOF6 (extracted from MO leaves) and MSF1 (extracted from MS suckers) on immunomodulations of Ki67 (proliferation biomarker) and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) genes in the liver of rats in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hepatotoxicity and mutagenesis to determine their antiproliferation, anti-drug resistance, and anticancer potentials. Methods: Forty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 2 received physiological saline and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of DMBA, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 received 15 mg/kg bodyweight DMBA and were treated with 15 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6, respectively. Group 5 received 15 mg/kg bodyweight DMBA and was treated with 10 mg/kg bodyweight of MSF1. Group 6 received 15 mg/kg bodyweight DMBA and was treated with 3.35 mg/kg bodyweight of doxorubicin and intravenous injection of 0.5 ml/200 g of cisplatin. Groups 7–9 received only 15 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6 and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of MSF1, respectively. DMBA, doxorubicin, and extracts doses were administered orally. The duration of our experimental procedure was 8 weeks. Consequently, liver histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin technique) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay homogenates’ concentrations of Ki67 and MDR1 were evaluated. Computed data were statistically analyzed (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Results showed normal histoarchitectures of the liver in all groups. Statistical analyses showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and non-significant decreased concentrations (P ≥ 0.05) of Ki67 and MDR1 in Groups 3–9 compared with Group 2. Therefore, MOF6 and MSF1 ameliorated DMBA-induced hepatotoxicity, abnormal proliferation, and drug resistance. Conclusion: MOF6 and MSF1 possess antiproliferation, anti-drug resistance, and anticancer potentials.Item Moringa Oleifera is protective against microarchitectural and neurochemical changes associated with cuprizone-induced pre-frontal cortex neurotoxicity in female Wistar rats(Neuroscience Society of Nigeria, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Gbadamosi I.T.; Akinlolu A.A.; Ameen M.O.; Kadir R.E.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Abdulwahab A.B.; Kolo R.M.Cuprizone administration causes selective damage to axonal myelin sheath and has been used to model demyelinating diseases in neuroscience research. This study aimed at determining the protective effects of Moringa oleifera on cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Sixteen adult female Wistar rats were procured and grouped into 4: Group A was given normal saline, Group B received 0.4% cuprizone diet, Group C was administered with 1.875 mg/ml of Moringa oleifera and Group D received a combination of 0.4% cuprizone diet and 1.875 mg/ml of Moringa oleifera. All the groups were treated orally for 35 consecutive days after which they were sacrificed. Thereafter the PFC was processed for histological demonstration, while tissue homogenate was used to assay the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Cuprizone administration caused significant reduction in body weight and SOD activities. It also caused an alteration in the microarchitecture and Nissl profile of the PFC. Moringa oleifera intervention led to restoration of body weight, SOD levels, Nissl profile and the histology of the PFC. The use of preparations of Moringa oleifera, especially the leaf-component, could offer some protective measures to individuals suffering from demyelinating conditions, especially in addressing the associated weight changes and frontocortical dysfunction.Item Oestrogenic effects of onion and garlic extracts: Potential alternatives to synthetic oestradiol(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2018) Kadir R.E.; Ibrahim A.; Oderinde G.; Gwadabe M.S.; Ojulari L.S.; Biliaminu S.A.The aims of the study were to investigate the oestrogenic activities of onion and garlic and their effects on the uterus of adult female Wister rats. A total number of thirty (30) rats comprising of five (5) rats in six (6) groups were used. Group I received feeds and water only and served as the control. Group II (oestradiol group) was administered 10μg/kg of oestradiol orally. Groups III and IV were given 1.14gm/kg and 1.7gm/kg body weight of onion extract respectively while groups V and VI were given 1.14gm/kg and 1.7gm/kg body weight of garlic extract respectively for four weeks. The microscopic architectures of uterus of all the study animals were observed under light microscope following the preparation of the tissues (uterus) and subsequent staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin dyes; and serum oestrogen levels were also assayed and compared after four weeks of treatment. Animals in the control group have higher oestrogen levels than other treatment groups including oestradiol group. It was observed that the endometrium of animals in the low onion and oestradiol groups were thicker than the control and other treatment groups. Our study showed that low onion offered some protection to uterus in similar way synthetic oestradiol does. The use of onion or garlic as a potential alternative to synthetic oestradiol in the treatments of oestrogen depletion associated with menopause could not be established.Item Pregnancy outcome in booked Nigerian sickle cell disease patients(Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, 2013) Adeniran A.S.; Kadir R.E.; Balogun O.R.Background: As sickle cell disease patients now survive to reproductive age, their pregnancies and outcome remain a concern to obstetricians in view of the higher risk for complications. Objective: To determine pregnancy outcome in sickle cell disease patients who had antenatal care and compare this with outcome in age and parity matched non sickle cell disease controls that had antenatal care. Setting: The study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Methodology: A five year retrospective case control study involving all sickle cell disease women who had antenatal carenand subsequently delivered at the study site from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2011 and age and parity matched non sickle cell pregnant women who also had antenatal care at the study site as controls. Data was collected from the individual patient case files and analysed using SPSS version 18. Results: The incidence of of sickle cell disease (SCD) was 0.51% with mean age 28.2+-2.41 years, mean parity 2.1+-0.62, mean height 161+-0.58cm and mean weight 58.2+-3.12kg. Educational attainment was higher among SCD (subjects) compared to controls (P=0.044). Subjects had higher percentages of all complications in pregnancy and delivery than controls; if these, maternal anaemia, miscarriage and forceps delivery were statistically significant while urinary tract infections, malaria in pregnancy, preterm delivery, caeserean delivery and postpartum haemorrhage were not significant. Neonatal outcomes were poorer among subjects but these were not statistically significant. The perinatal mortality rates were 178.6/1000 for subjects and 107.1/1000 among controls. Maternal mortality was 5.4% among subjects and none among controls. Conclusion: Pregnancy outcomr was poorer in sickle cell disease women compared to non sickle cell controls despite antenatal care; however, majority of these were not statistically significant. Maternal mortality remained relatively relatively higher despite antenatal care in SCD women similar to other reports from low income countries.Item Prenatal exposure to gestational nicotine before neurulation is detrimental to neurodevelopment of Wistar rats’ offspring(Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Sulaimon F.A.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Gbadamosi I.T.Background and aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of gestational nicotine exposure before neurodevelopment on the morphology and histology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rats. Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats were time-mated and grouped into three categories: (a) control–given 0.1 mL of normal saline, (b) low-dose nicotine–given 6.88 mg/ kg/d/0.05 mL, and (c) high-dose nicotine–given 13.76 mg/kg/d/0.1 mL in two divided doses. Treatment was given intraperitoneally from gestational days 2 to 6. On postnatal day 15 (P15), the pups were separated from their mothers, anaesthetised and sacrificed, followed by intracardial perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. PFC was excised from the brain and processed for tissue histology, histochemistry, and morphology of brain cells. Results: Gestational nicotine exposure during the first week of gestation in rats significantly reduced birth weights in nicotine-treated groups compared with control; it, however, accelerated body weights, altered neuronal morphology, and elevated astrocytic count significantly, while oligodendroglial count was slightly increased in the PFC of juvenile rats examined at P15. Conclusion: These alterations revealed that gestational nicotine exposure before the commencement of the cellular processes involved in brain development negatively affects neurodevelopment, and this could result in neurological dysfunctions in later life.