Browsing by Author "Durotoye, I A."

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    Beta- Thalassaemia Trait Screening Using Capillary Electrophoresis Among Voluntary Blood Donor in North Central Nigeria
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria., 2021-01) Durotoye, I A.; Salaudeen, AG; Sanni, E.O; Babatunde, A.S; Adekunle, D.K; Akande, T.M; Olawumi, H.O.; Musa, O.I
    Beta-thalassaemia(â-thalassaemia) carriers exists in malaria endemic zones of sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria. Studies on â-thalassaemia in Nigeria are few in the literature. The high variation in the prevalence of â-thalassaemia in Nigeria as reported in previous studies raises concern. Newer screening techniques such as capillary electrophoresis is now being used in clinical laboratories. This study screened for â-Thalassaemia carriers among voluntary blood donors using capillary electrophoresis. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 voluntary blood donors among students of Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria with age range of 18-34years. The participants consist of 55 males (55%) and 45 females (45%). Capillary electrophoresis using the Minicap system was used for determining the Haemoglobin A2 and F quantification in alkaline buffer (PH 9.4). Data analysis was done using SPSS and p-value<0.05 was taken as the level of significance The mean age of the participants was 22.23 ± 3.3 SD years(mean age of males 23±3.3 and females 20±2.8) The mean HbA2 among the participants was 3.49± 0.9SD (Range 0.8-5.30%). The mean HbF was 1.43± 0.57SD (Range 0.80-2.50%). Three (3/100) of the subjects had both elevated HbA2 > 3.9% and HbF >1%, giving a prevalence of 3% for â thalassaemia >1%, giving a prevalence of 3% for â thalassaemia carriers among blood donors in this study. The prevalence of â thalassaemia carrier was 3% in our study and found among female folks. Data from this study will be useful in raising awareness and genetic counseling especially among female blood donors.
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    Cardiovascular autonomic reflex function in sickle cell anaemia patients
    (National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria., 2010-12-17) Sanya, E.O; Soladoye, A.; Olanrewaju, T.O; Kolo, P.M; Durotoye, I A.
    Aims and objectives: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CAD) has been documented as part of neurological complications in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). There is little information on CAD from sub-Saharan Africa with 25-40% prevalence rate of sickle cell trait. This study therefore assessed cardiovascular autonomic reflex function in a group of Nigerians with SCA. Subjects and methods: Forty SCA and 44 controls (Hemoglobin AA) were studied. They were assessed using 6 non-invasive cardiovascular autonomic reflex (CAR) tests. Parasympathetic functions were assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) to deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and lying-to-standing test while sympathetic blood pressure regulation was assessed by systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses to lying-to-standing position and isotonic handgrip test. Results: Mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration of SCA patients and controls were 8.4 +/- 2.4 g/dl and 13.1 +/- 0.9 g/dl, respectively. Baseline heart rate was significantly faster in the SCA patients (84 +/- 12 beats/minute) than in controls (76 +/- 11 beats/minute) [P < 0.05]. Eleven SCA compared to 2 controls had abnormal responses to deep breathing test (P = 0.003); 15 SCA and 6 controls had impaired Valsalva ratio (P = 0.01); 8 SCA and 4 controls had abnormal responses lying-to-standing test (P = 0.2). Although, more SCA patients compared to controls had abnormal responses to sympathetic mediated blood pressure tests the difference was insignificant (P > 0.05). Overall 21 (53%) SCA patients compared to 4 control subjects (9%) fulfilled the criteria for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (presence of e"3 CAR tests) with p < 0.05. Conclusion: CAN occur in Nigerians with SCA with relative preservation of the sympathetic blood pressure reflex control compared to parasympathetic heart rate regulation. Increase baseline heart rate associated with SCA in the presence of chronic anaemia could result in myocardial hypertrophy and dilatation. This is likely to be predispose sicklers to hypoxia-related arrhythmia.
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    Clinico-Laboratory Features of Multiple Myeloma in Selected Patients at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, North Central Nigeria
    (Library and Publications Committee, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2020-03) Babatunde, A.S; Omokanye, K.O; Ogunfemi, M.K; Owoeye, O.A; Sanni, E.O; Durotoye, I A.; Shittu, A.O.
    Multiple myeloma is an haematological disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells with production of increased amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins which are detectable in blood and/or urine. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as treatment outcome in multiple myeloma patients diagnosed and managed at the Haematology Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H), Ilorin, North Central Nigeria, between 1 st January 2008 and 31 st December 2018. The study materials included bone marrow registers from the department and case folders of all multiple myeloma patients diagnosed within the study period. Relevant data including socio-demographic characteristics of patients, clinical features at presentation and laboratory tests results were extracted, documented and analyzed. Diagnosis was made in all patients based on the presence of major and/or minor criteria as described by the International Myeloma Working Group guidelines. Fifty eight (58) patients were diagnosed with multiple myeloma comprising of 31 males and 27 females (M:F ratio = 1.15:1). The median age of patients was 62.6 years (range = 39 – 85 years), and the most common presenting features included back pains (86.2%), bone pains (69%), inability to walk (67.2%) and anaemia (67.2%). High erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 30mm/Hr was seen in all patients (100%), Immunoglobulin G (Ig G) was the commonest monoclonal immunoglobulin demonstrated on serum protein electrophoresis (82.8%), and “punched out” osteolytic bone lesion on X-rays was demonstrated in 79.3% of cases. In resource- limited settings such as ours, the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma still rely on the clinical and laboratory features of the disease to a large extent, hence the need for haemato-oncologists and physicians to be conversant with these features.
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    Determinants of voluntary blood donation among adults in communities of north central region of Nigeria
    (Osun State University, 2019-06-30) Salaudeen, AG; Durowade, K.A; Durotoye, I A.; Ahmed, A.; Sanni, E.O; M, O.I; Akande, T.M
    Objective: The collection of blood from voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors is an important measure for ensuring the safety, quality, availability and accessibility of blood. The study assessed factors affecting voluntary blood donation in North-central zone, Nigeria. Methods: The study design was descriptive cross-sectional, data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire from 3104 respondents using multistage sampling technique. Data was analyzed using EPI INFO computer software package (version 3.5.3). Level of significance was pre-determined at p-value < 0.05 at a confidence level of 95%. Results: Respondents with good knowledge of voluntary blood donation had better practice of voluntary blood donation. Younger age groups were 8 times more likely to donate blood voluntarily than older respondents. Yoruba ethnic groups are 1.5 times more likely to donate blood than other ethnic groups. Conclusion: For Nigeria and other developing countries at large to achieve 100% voluntary blood donation drive by year 2020, it is critical to change the blood donation culture from replacement to that of volunteerism through more effective communication and mobilization of donors. These efforts must be rendered more methodical and accomplished through a wider range of strategies.
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    Determination of Normal and Variant Hemoglobin using Capillary Electrophoresis among Voluntary Blood Donors in North Central Nigeria: Implications on Blood Transfusion Services
    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan, 2021-03-31) Durotoye, I A.; Salaudeen, AG; Sanni, E.O; Babatunde, A.S; Durowade, A.K; Olawumi, H.O.; Akande, T.M; Musa, O.I
    Background: Voluntary non-remunerated blood donation is a strategy adopted by World Health Organization aimed at ensuring safety and adequacy of blood supply. Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hemoglobin disorders and therefore needs to adopt stringent measures in donor selection to ensure safety for the recipient of blood transfusion. This study aimed to analyze normal and variant hemoglobin among voluntary blood donors. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 prospective blood donors including 55 (55%) males and 45 (45%) females, aged 18–34 years were recruited. Capillary electrophoresis using the Minicap system was used for determining the hemoglobin variants in alkaline buffer (PH 9.4). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.23 ± 3.3 SD years. The proportion of participants with genotype AA was 67 (67%), those with AS were 17 (22 %), while those with AC were 11 (11 %). While Hb A ≥ 90% was noted in 67 (67%) blood donors, Hb S was seen in 22 (22%) and Hb A2 > 3.5% in 57 (57%). Hb F > 2% was observed in 3% of the studied participants Conclusion: Variant hemoglobin is common among blood donors and this should be taken into consideration whenever blood is being crossmatched for recipients of blood transfusion. Data from this study will be useful in raising awareness and genetic counseling.
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    Fibrinolytic proteins of normal pregnancy and pre-eclamptic patients in North West Nigeria
    (Makerere University School of Medicine. College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, 2018-09-03) Oladosu-olayiwola, OR; Olawumi, H.O.; Babatunde, A.S; Ijaiya, M; Durotoye, I A.; Biliaminu, A.S; Ibraheem, R.M.
    Background: The hypercoagulability of pregnancy is exaggerated in pre-eclamptic state because of endothelial activation with resultant production of some endothelial derived proteins that are said to be inhibitors of fibrinolysis. This study com- pares these proteins like tPA, PAI-1 and D-dimers in normal pregnant women and the pre-eclamptic women. Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Eighty-five pre-eclamptic women were recruited as subjects and eighty five age, trimester and parity matched normotensive pregnant women as controls. Levels of PT, aPTT, tPA, PAI-1, D-dimer protein were determined in blood samples of subjects and controls. Urinalysis was performed with dipstick method on their urine samples. Data generated was analysed using the IBM®SPSS 20.0 (2011) soft ware packages and the level of significance was a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.9±5.2 years. The median(25 th -75 th percentile) values of D-dimer, tPA, and PAI-1 of subjects were 730 (305.000-1560.000ng/ml), 0.11 (0.065-0,300ng/ml) and 3.65 (2.970-4,400ng/ml) respec- tively which were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the controls of 520 (24.000-1030.000ng/ml), 0.05 (0.040-0.090ng/ml and 2.650 (2.125-3.400ng/ml) respectively, p<0.05 each. Conclusion: The abnormal levels of PAI-1,D-dimer and tPA imply that they contribute to the exaggerated hypercoagulabilty state in pre-eclampsia thus, measuring their levels can help in the management of the condition.
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    Haemostatic Parameters During Pregnancy In Ilorin, Nigeria
    (College of Health Sciences (A WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Manpower Development), University of Ilorin, 2012-07) Durotoye, I A.; Babatunde, A.S; Olawumi, H.O.; Olatunji, P.O; Adewuyi, J.O
    The objective of this study was to document the effect of pregnancy on some haemostatic parameters (Prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], fibrinogen concentration, euglobin clot lysis time [ELT], and platelet count) in different trimesters of pregnancy. One hundred and eighty women with non-complicated pregnancy within the age range of 17-40 years (mean± SD 27.1±3.9years) were recruited for the study and sixty non-pregnant, normotensive apparently healthy age-matched women were used as control. All haemostatic parameters evaluated were determined using standard techniques. Significant differences were observed between the haemostatic parameters studied and controls except for platelet count. Prothrombin time was significantly shorter (p<0.001) and fibrinogen significantly higher (p<0.001) as pregnancy advanced but, other parameters were not influenced by the gestational age. There was a significant difference between the fibrinogen level in older subject compared with subject of younger age group with a mean of 5.5g/l and 4.0g/l (p<0.05) respectively. There was no significant relationship in the haemostatic parameters with parity and educational level of all the subjects. In conclusion, the results of haemostatic screening tests in this study suggest some degree of activation in pregnant women.
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    Knowledge And Perception Of Sickle Cell Disease Among Senior Secondary School Students In Ilorin Metropolis
    (College of Health Sciences (A WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Manpower Development), University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2013-06) Durotoye, I A.; Salaudeen, AG; Babatunde, A.S; Bosah, E.C
    Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a major public health issueand inadequate knowledge of SCD and lack of centres for genetic counseling in this country probably contributed to the high prevalence. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and perception of Senior Secondary School students in Ilorin Metropolis toward SCD and to determine the proportion of the students that know their haemoglobin genotype. Descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken among students. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 500 respondents from 10 senior secondary schools and a semi-structured, self- administered questionnaire was used as a research tool. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software package. The mean age of the respondents was there were more females (54.4%) than males (45.6%). About 79.5% of the respondents have heard about SCD, but only 26.6% of them have good knowledge of SCD and haemoglobin genotype. The attitude of students toward a sickler was poor as many (51.0%) will not accept sickler as a friend and majority (90.3%) will not be willing to marry SCD patient. Only 52.0% of the respondents knew their haemoglobin genotype before the study. Female students had better knowledge score (p-value = There is need for continuous awareness programmes on SCD especially among male students and concerted policy should be put in place by government that genotype testing be a compulsory part of pre-secondary school entrance requirements.
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    PAI-1 and tPA as markers of severity among pre-eclamptics in a tertiary institution in north central Nigeria
    (College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., 2016) Oladosu-Olayiwola, OR; Olawumi, H.O.; Babatunde, A.S; Ijaiya, M; Durotoye, I A.; Biliaminu, AS; Ibraheem, RM; Ogunfemi, MK
    Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia as well as increased production of some factors such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). These factors are said to be biomarkers of pre-eclampsia but their role in assessing the severity of pre-eclampsia is under- reported. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 85 subjects with pre-eclampsia. They were classified clinically as having mild or severe pre-eclampsia using ACOG classification. Blood and urine samples were collected for determining tPA, PAI-1, D-dimer and proteinuria in the two groups. Clinical and laboratory values were compared using the IBM ® SPSS 20.0 (2011) soft ware packages. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.9±5.2 years. Forty-five (52.9%) of the subjects had severe pre-eclampsia while 40(47.1%) had mild pre-eclampsia. The median values of tPA and PAI-1 of subjects with severe pre-eclampsia were significantly higher than the corresponding values in subjects with mild pre-eclampsia (each p=0.001). There was a positive correlation between each of the tPA and PAI-1 levels with the degree of severity of pre-eclampsia (p=0.001 each). Conclusion: Fibrinolytic proteins like tPA and PAI- 1 are useful in assessing the severity of pre- eclampsia.
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    Pattern of Childhood Malignancies in Ilorin, Nigeria: Challenges and Strategies for Management in a Tertiary Health Institution
    (Official Journal of IbnSina Medical Colleg, 2015-07-03) Babatunde, A.S; Gobir, A.A.; Adebayo, MAN; Adebayo-Oloko, A.; Durotoye, I A.
    Objective: The study was carried out to document the pattern of childhood malignant tumors which were diagnosed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, and compare with previous reports from other parts of Nigeria and elsewhere and also highlight the challenges and strategies for effective management of these diseases in our environment. Methods: A ten year retrospective analysis of all cancers diagnosed in children below the age of 18 years at the study centre between January 2000 and December 2009 was carried out. Case folders of all children diagnosed with malignant tumors within the study period were retrieved from the Cancer Registry Department of the Hospital and were analyzed with respect to age, gender, morphological or histological type of malignancy, extent of disease, treatment modality, and survival outcome. Results: Ninety nine (99) children were diagnosed with various malignancies during the study period. Sixty seven (67; 67.7%) were boys and 32 (32.3%) were girls giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. There were 22 cases (22.2%) recorded in children aged below 4 years and 72 cases (72.7%) were diagnosed in children between 4 -14 years. Lymphomas were the most prevalent malignancies encountered accounting for 54 cases (54.5%), Burkitt’s lymphoma constituted 43 (79.6%) of all lymphoma cases. The distribution of the five foremost malignancies recorded were as follows: Burkitt’s lymphoma (43 cases), Nephroblastoma (10 cases), Retinoblastoma (8 cases), Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (7 cases) and Acute leukaemias (5 cases). Other malignancies included Osteogenic sarcoma (5), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (4), and 2 cases each of primary liver cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and nasopharyngeal tumor. Conclusion: The distribution of the various childhood malignant tumors recorded in this study is similar to the pattern reported in previous studies from Nigeria and other countries. However, there appears to be a lower prevalence of leukemia recorded in this study compared to the earlier findings. The challenges which were identified in the diagnosis, management and overall outcome of our patients included limited number of diagnostic tools, late presentation in the hospital, high patient default rate, poverty, and shortage of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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    PATTERN OF NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA IN ILORIN, NIGERIA: A TEN YEAR REVIEW
    (Faculty of Clinical Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria., 2018) Babatunde, A.S; Olawumi, H.O.; Durotoye, I A.; Shittu, E.O; Oyeleke, S.A
    Aim and Objective: The study was carried out to document the pattern of neurological complications seen in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who were managed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin and compare with previous reports from other parts of Nigeria and elsewhere. Materials and Methods: A ten year retrospective analysis of all cases of CML managed at the study centre between January 2006 and December 2015 was carried out. Case folders of all patients diagnosed with CML during the study period, and the Malignancy registers of the Haematology department were retrieved and analyzed. Relevant information retrieved included age, gender, clinical features at presentation, laboratory investigations, treatment regimen, and survival outcome among others. Results: Thirty six (36) patients were diagnosed with CML during the study period. There were 21 (58.3%) males and 15 (41.7%) females, giving a male: female ratio of 1.4:1.The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 37.5 years (range, 11-75 years). Nine (25%) patients presented with various forms of neurological complications and the mean WBC count in them was 383.2 x 109/L (280.5 601.0 x 109/L). Auditory complications were the commonest neurological deficits found in 6(66.7%) of the 9 patients with neurological manifestations. Conclusion: The neurological complications recorded in this study were similar to those reported in previous studies from Nigeria and other countries. These complications need to be looked for at presentation and adequately characterized as their presence could significantly influence the prognosis of the disease and decisions on management modalities.
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    Prevalence and Trend of HBsAg, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria
    (Department of Medical Biotechnology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok., 2017-01-01) Olawumi, H.O.; Shittu, A.O.; Durotoye, I A.
    A major risk of blood transfusion is the acquisition of one or more of the transfusion transmissible infections. This risk correlates with the prevalence of markers of these infections in the donor population. The aim of the study was therefore to determine the prevalence and trend of HBsAg, HIV and HCV among blood donors in Ilorin. The screening records of prospective, mainly family replacement donors from January 2011 to December 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. All screenings were done by ELISA method using kits manufactured by Inteco Diagnostics, England, United Kingdom according to manufacturer’s instructions.36889 prospective donors were screened over the five year period. Seroprevalence of HBsAg, HIV and HCV was 12.9%, 2.2% and 1.9% respectively. There was a gradual decline in the prevalence of HBsAg from13.5% in 2011 to 11.3% in 2015, HIV prevalence similarly declined from 3.2% in 2011 to 1.2% 2015, HCV prevalence fluctuated throughout the 5 year period. Although the prevalence of TTI among blood donors is generally on the decline, it is still substantially high especially that of HBV. This exposes transfused patients to a substantial risk. There is therefore the need to slow down on blood transfusion and adopt the practice of weighing the risks and benefits before decision to transfuse any patient.
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    Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen among hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (Malawi Medical Association, Malawi, 2017-03) Ogunfemi, M.K; Olawumi, H.O.; Olokoba, A.B; Kagu, M.B; Biliaminu, K.A; Durowade, K.A; Durotoye, I A.; Shittu, A.O.
    Background Post-transfusion hepatitis occurs even with stringent donor selection criteria and screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in HBsAg-negative blood donors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 200 HBsAg-negative blood donors were recruited. Screening for viral markers was done using both a rapid test kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-HBc IgM. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of anti-HBc IgM was done by “capture” enzyme immunoassay using DIA.PRO HBc IgM test kit. The other viral markers were investigated using one step cassette style HBV tests. SPSS (version 16) was used for data analysis. A P-value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results There were 190 male (95%) and 10 female (5%) blood donors, with a mean age of 31.7 ± 7.9 years. The prevalence of anti-HBc IgM was 4%. The other viral markers (HBeAg, anti-HBeAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc) had a prevalence of 1.5%, 23%, 2.5%, and 32.5%, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of anti-HBc IgM in this study wsa high, and this supports the fact that screening blood donors for HBsAg alone is not sufficient to prevent transmission of HBV.
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    REFERENCE VALUES OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF HEALTHY ADULTS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL ZONE OF NIGERIA
    (Kenya Medical Association, 2015-08) Olawumi, H.O.; Durotoye, I A.; Afolabi, J.K; Desalu, O.O; Aderibigbe, S.A; Babatunde, A.S; Ernest, S.K; Fawibe, A.E; Salami, A.K; Saadu, R; Adeboye, MAN; Aboyeji, A.P
    Background: Haematological parameters differ from one population to another due to several factors. To determine the clinical implication of the blood parameters of an individual in the state of health or disease, we need to have the knowledge of the normal reference range for that locality. Objectives: To determine the reference values of haematological parameters of apparently healthy adults in Ilorin. Design: A descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Ilorin, North Central zone of Nigeria Subjects: Nine hundred and ten (443 males and 467 females) randomly selected normal, HIV negative individuals aged 18-65 years Results: The red blood cell count, Haemoglobin concentration, PCV and MCHC were significantly higher among males than females while the platelet count, total WBC count and absolute neutrophil count were significantly higher in females than in males. There was however no significant gender difference in the values of MCV, MCH and absolute lymphocyte count. The normal reference values obtained in this study were notably different from those that are used currently in the hospital. Conclusion: The normal reference value obtained in this study was notable different from those that are currently used in the hospital. These findings will have clinical implications regarding the adjustment of our current reference values and definitely add value to the management of patients in this part of the country.
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    Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among mentally ill patients attending a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
    (Annals of African Medicine Society and Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, and is affiliated to the Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria,, 2021-03-23) Durotoye, I A.; Issa, B.A; Fadeyi, A; Yussuf, A.D; Salami, A.K; Shittu, O.A; Ajiboye, P.O; Olawumi, H.O.; Adegunloye, O.A; Nwabuisi, C.; Sulyman, D.
    Background: Mentally ill persons are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections including hepatitis B and C because of their high level risky behaviors. This study is aimed at establishing the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the mentally ill individuals (MII) attending Psychiatric clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria since it has not been documented. Methods: A total of 350 MII were recruited. HBsAg testing was by immunoassay test strip (Grand Medical DiagnosticR USA) while hepatitis C was tested by commercially prepared kits from ACON,R USA. Healthy adults who presented as donors in the Blood Bank of the hospital were used as controls. Results: A total of 700 participants including 350 MII and 350 blood donors (BDs) were recruited for the study. The mean ages of MII and control participants were 36.5 ± 12.3 and 31.4 ± 8.3, respectively.The sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C among patients with mental illness was 10.0 and 12.6%, respectively, as compared to 10.9% and 1.1% of the blood donors. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HCV among mentally ill when compared with the blood donors (P = 0.001, 2 = 33.97; OR (CI) =12.44 (5.33‑29.03). Conclusion: Mentally ill patients attending UITH were significantly infected with hepatitis C virus. There is need for interventional measures to reduce the prevalence of hepatitis C among the mentally ill population such as health education and early screening of mentally ill in our setting.
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    SERO-PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND C AMONG MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA
    (Annals of African Medicine Society and Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, and is affiliated to the Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria,, 2014) Durotoye, I A.; Issa, B.A; Fadeyi, A.; Yussuf, A.D; Salami, A.K; Shittu, O.A; Ajiboye, P.O; Olawumi, H.O.; Adegunloye, O.A; Nwabuisi, Charles; Sulyman, D.
    Background: Hepatitis B and C are of global concern and Nigeria is a high endemic zone for the viruses. Persons with severe mental illness have a greater vulnerability to sexual transmitted infections including hepatitis B&C due to risky behaviour they engage in. The aim of this study is to determine the sero- prevalence of hepatitis B and C among persons with mental illness (MII) and compare them with blood donors (BDs) at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 1year, starting from June, 2010, involving 350 each of BDs and MII in an out-patients department of UITH. HBsAg testing was by a one stage hepatitis B surface antigen test strips, while hepatitis C was tested using commercially prepared kits from ACON, USA. Result: A total of seven hundred participants including 350 patients with MII and 350 blood donors (BDs) were recruited for the study. Most 324(92.6%) and 349 (99.7%) were of the age range ≤55 years. There were 179(51.2%) males and 171(48.8%) females. More married BDs live with their spouses (99.0%) and had higher education than MII. Unemployment rate was higher among MII than BDs. The sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among patients with mental illness (MII) was 10.0% and 12.6% respectively as compared to a sero-prevalence of 10.9% and 1.1% in the blood donors. Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection was similar in both subjects (MII) as well as in the blood donors but, in contrast however was higher prevalence of hepatitis C in the MII (p=0.001). Routine screening of MII for hepatitis B and C is advocated to control the complications that may arise from these diseases
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    Sero-Prevalence of Syphilis among Patients with Mental Illness: Comparison with Blood Donors
    (Osun State University, 2014) Issa, B.A; Fadeyi, A.; Durotoye, I A.; Yussuf, A.D; Salami, A.K; Shittu, O.A; Ajiboye, P.O; Olawumi, H.O.; Adegunloye, O.A; Mwabuisi, C.; Sulyman, D.
    BACKGROUND: Mentally ill individuals (MII) are at risk of acquiring syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed at determining sero-prevalence of syphilis among MII and compare them with voluntary blood donors (VBD) at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study done between June, 2010 and June 2011, and involving 350 each of VBDs and MII in and out-patients of UITH. Serological test was done using venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and the Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) kit. RESULTS: Of the 700 subjects, 324 (92.6%) MII, and 349 (99.7%) VBDswere <55 years; 71 (21.4%) MII were Civil Servants compared with 96 (27.4%) VBDs. Significantly more VBDs had higher education than MII (185 or 52.9%, and 140 or 40% respectively). Christians constituted the majority (176 or 50.3%) among MII, and Muslims (210 or 60%) among VBDs. Significantly more married VBDs (204/206 or 99.0%) live with spouses; more VBDs consumed alcohol (37 or 10.6%), smoked (19 or 5.4%), and engaged in extramarital sex (105 or 30.0%). Significantly more MII had blood transfusion (40 or 11.4); engaged in sex trade (12 or 3.4%); and more syphilis prevalence (5.4%). In addition, more syphilitic MII smoked(18 or 94.7%); and all syphilitic MII had psychotic disorders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of syphilis in MII is significantly higher than among VBDs. Routine screening of MII is advocated to stem this problem.WAJM 2013; 32(2):210–215.