Pattern of Childhood Malignancies in Ilorin, Nigeria: Challenges and Strategies for Management in a Tertiary Health Institution
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Date
2015-07-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Official Journal of IbnSina Medical Colleg
Abstract
Objective: The study was carried out to document the pattern of childhood malignant tumors
which were diagnosed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, and compare with
previous reports from other parts of Nigeria and elsewhere and also highlight the challenges and
strategies for effective management of these diseases in our environment. Methods: A ten year
retrospective analysis of all cancers diagnosed in children below the age of 18 years at the study
centre between January 2000 and December 2009 was carried out. Case folders of all children
diagnosed with malignant tumors within the study period were retrieved from the Cancer Registry
Department of the Hospital and were analyzed with respect to age, gender, morphological or
histological type of malignancy, extent of disease, treatment modality, and survival outcome.
Results: Ninety nine (99) children were diagnosed with various malignancies during the study
period. Sixty seven (67; 67.7%) were boys and 32 (32.3%) were girls giving a male to female
ratio of 2:1. There were 22 cases (22.2%) recorded in children aged below 4 years and 72 cases
(72.7%) were diagnosed in children between 4 -14 years. Lymphomas were the most prevalent
malignancies encountered accounting for 54 cases (54.5%), Burkitt’s lymphoma constituted 43
(79.6%) of all lymphoma cases. The distribution of the five foremost malignancies recorded
were as follows: Burkitt’s lymphoma (43 cases), Nephroblastoma (10 cases), Retinoblastoma (8
cases), Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (7 cases) and Acute leukaemias (5 cases). Other malignancies
included Osteogenic sarcoma (5), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (4), and 2 cases each of primary liver
cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and nasopharyngeal tumor. Conclusion:
The distribution of the various childhood malignant tumors recorded in this study is similar to
the pattern reported in previous studies from Nigeria and other countries. However, there appears
to be a lower prevalence of leukemia recorded in this study compared to the earlier findings.
The challenges which were identified in the diagnosis, management and overall outcome of
our patients included limited number of diagnostic tools, late presentation in the hospital, high
patient default rate, poverty, and shortage of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Description
Keywords
pattern; childhood; malignancies; strategies; management
Citation
Babatunde, A.S., Gobir, A.H., Adeboye., M.A.N., Adebayo-Oloko A. & Durotoye, I.A.