Browsing by Author "Belewu, M.A."
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Item Biodiversity and pollination activities of stingless bees (meliponini) in an agro-forest zone.(NISEB JOURNAL. Published by Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology., 2013) Liadi, M.T.; Musa, A.K.; Belewu, M.A.; Amusa, T.O.Item Comparative Evaluation of Graded levels of Jatropha curcas oil and Eucalyptus globulus oil in the Treatment of Mange in Goat.(The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2013) Belewu, M.A.; Ayeni, A.O; Esan, O.T.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Shittu, M.The study evaluates the efficacy of Jatropha curcas oil and Eucalyptusglobulos oil in the treatment of Nine mange infected West African dwarf goat. The animals were randomized against the Treatments (A, B, C and D) in a Completely Randomized experiment for a 56 day period. Treatment A was the Control (without oil treatment), B was Ivomectin treated animals, C was 50% Jatropha oil + 50% Eucalyptus oil, D was 75% Jatropha oil + 25 % Eucalyptus oil. The goats were fed standard formulated diet and watered ad-libitum. Data collected include feed intake, weight gain and blood parameters. The results revealed significance differences among the feed intake. The highest feed intake was reported for Treatment C followed by B and the least was A. However, Treatment D was similar to B and C. The highest weight gain of animals on Treatments C and D (oil treatment) compared favourably with the (Ivomectin ) drug treated animals (Treatment B) but significantly heavier than the Control Treatment (without oil). Animals on the Control Treatment (A) had poor Red blood cell while the highest Packed Cell volume, Red blood cell heamoglobin and neutrophils showed that animals on Treatments B and C (oil treated ) responded well to the biological treatment. It could be concluded that the application of a combination of Jatropha oil and Eucalyptus oil holds a good promise in the treatment of mange in goat.Item Date-Coconut Drink: Physico-chemical and Sensory Qualities.(Published by Daffodil International University, Bangladesh., 2014) Belewu, M.A.; Muhammed-Lawal, A.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Belewu, K.Y.; Belewu, N.O.This study evaluates the nutritional and sensory qualities of Date-Coconut drink that was prepared from a combination of Date palm juice and Coconut milk. The Treatments consist of a control (A) - Date palm drink; 50% Date palm juice and 50% Coconut milk B; 25% Date palm juice and 75% Coconut milk C; 75% Date palm juice and 25% Coconut milk D. A completely randomized design model was used in the analysis of the physicochemical and sensory qualities of the drink. The result revealed a delicious, sweet and sinks in the heart drink. The protein content was higher in the Coconut milk compared with Date juice. Conversely, the energy content of the Date juice was higher than Coconut milk. Additionally, the energy content was 332.10K.cal/g for the control (100% date palm juice);325.22k.cal/g Treatment B; 304.79k.cal/g Treatment C; and 306.82k.cal/g Treatment D. The protein content was 2.45% Treatment A; 3.73% Treatment B; 4.36% Treatment C and 3.08% Treatment D. The fat content was also highest for Treatment C >B>D>A in that order. Highly overall acceptability was recorded for Treatments B, C and D than A. Conclusively; the drink can be drank by all and sundry without and religious taboo.Item Effect of Chronic Administration of Caffeine on Plasma Testosterone Level and Body Mass Index in Male Wistar R(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2021) Ayinde, T.O.; Balogun,M.E.; Afodun, A.M.; Ayinla, M.T.; Raji, A.O.; Liadi, M.T.; Belewu, M.A.Caffeine is one of the most frequently ingested pharmacological agents contained in several beverages and food items. With some positive biological effects on the body system, little knowledge is known on its effect on reproductive parameters. This present study therefore aimed to determine the effect of aqueous solution of caffeine on serum testosterone level and body mass index (BMI) in male Wistar rats. Twenty-one (21) male Wistar rats with average weight of 250 ± 20 g were obtained for this study and randomly grouped into three (3) of seven (7) rats each. Group A, served as the control and received 0.5 ml of normal saline while groups B and C served as test groups and received orally 0.38 mg/kg (low dose) and 1.14 mg/kg (high dose) of caffeine respectively, once daily for 14 days. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight, BMI, and plasma testosterone levels of high dose (HD) and low dose (LD) compared to the control, while there was no significant (p>0.05) change in length of the animals compared to the control. Long time consumption of caffeine has potential to stimulate production of testosterone to possibly increase sex drive perhaps via hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis, and also increase BMI.Item Effect of Chronic Administration of Caffeine on Renal Function in Male Wistar Rats(Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences., 2022) Ayinde, T.O.,; Ojulari, L.S.,; Afodun, A.M.,; Balogun, M.E.,; Faramade, A.A.,; Raji, A.O.,; Liadi, M.T.,; Belewu, M.A.Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed of all beverages in the World that is capable of stimulating the nervous system, producing alertness of short duration without much regards to organ affectations. Twenty-one (21) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three (3) groups of 7 rats each as follows: Group I was the control and was given 0.5 ml of NaCl, Groups II and III were administered 0.38 mg/kg and 1.14 mg/kg of caffeine respectively for 14 days. Assessment of renal function was evaluated by collection of urine and blood samples for urinalysis and electrolytes, urea, and creatinine analysis respectively. Urinalysis result precisely showed that protein was positive (+) with a pH of 5.5 in the control group. The LD animals revealed bilirubin (2+), protein (+) with a pH of 5.0. The HD group showed bilirubin (2+), protein (3+) with a pH of 3.5. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in serum urea and creatinine of LD and HD. The serum sodium level was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in LD, while serum potassium level was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the HD group. Chronic consumption of caffeine should be with moderation and at a very lower dose to prevent gradual untoward effects on functions of the kidneys, especially in an already compromised renal status.Item Effect of Chronic Administration of Caffeine on Renal Function in Male Wistar Rats.(Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences., 2022) Ayinde, T.O.,; Ojulari, L.S.,; Afodun, A.M.,; Balogun, M.E.,; Faramade, A.A.,; Raji, A.O.,; Liadi, M.T.,; Belewu, M.A.Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed of all beverages in the World that is capable of stimulating the nervous system, producing alertness of short duration without much regards to organ affectations. Twenty-one (21) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three (3) groups of 7 rats each as follows: Group I was the control and was given 0.5 ml of NaCl, Groups II and III were administered 0.38 mg/kg and 1.14 mg/kg of caffeine respectively for 14 days. Assessment of renal function was evaluated by collection of urine and blood samples for urinalysis and electrolytes, urea, and creatinine analysis respectively. Urinalysis result precisely showed that protein was positive (+) with a pH of 5.5 in the control group. The LD animals revealed bilirubin (2+), protein (+) with a pH of 5.0. The HD group showed bilirubin (2+), protein (3+) with a pH of 3.5. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in serum urea and creatinine of LD and HD. The serum sodium level was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in LD, while serum potassium level was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the HD group. Chronic consumption of caffeine should be with moderation and at a very lower dose to prevent gradual untoward effects on functions of the kidneys, especially in an already compromised renal status.Item Effect of different levels of moringa oleifera oil on performance characteristics of pregnant goat(Faculty of Agriculture University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, 2014) Belewu, M.A.; Ahmed, M.A.; Badmus, A.H.A; Esan, O.T.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Odebisi, M.B; Arise, A.KThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera oil on feed intake and digestibility coefficient of pregnant Goat. The pregnant West African Dwarf Goat (Doe) were assigned to three experimental Diets A, B and C in a Latin square Design model for a eight week period. The experimental Diet A (control) had no inclusion of Moringa oleifera oil while Diets B and C had 0.25g/kg and 0.5g/kg Moringa oil inclusion respectively. There were significant differences in the feed intake of all the parameters evaluated. While the DM, CP and CF digestibilities of the experimental animals were similar (P>0.05). However, there was significant difference in the ether extract digestibility of the experimental animals. In conclusion, the inclusion of Moringa oleifera oil holds a good potential in the diet of pregnant West African Dwarf goat.Item Effect of pre-treatment methods on the physicochemical and anti-nutritional properties of Bambara groundnut yoghurt.(University of Paradeniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Salami, Khadijat Onozare; Karim, O.R.; Belewu, M.A.; Olapade, G.M.Production of yoghurt from Bambara groundnut (BGN) had been reported to have some limitations on its stability and quality. This work was designed to determine the effect of pre-treatment methods on the physicochemical and anti-nutritional properties of Bambara groundnut yoghurt (BGNY). Seven yoghurt samples were made from BGN milk obtained from differently pre-treated BGN. The pre-treatment methods were germination (G), roasting (R), parboiling (P), germination and roasting (GR), roasting and parboiling (RP), germination and parboiling (GP), while untreated (U) served as the control. The viscosity, specific gravity (SG), Brix, total dissolved solids (TDS) and least gelation concentration (LGC) of both the pre-treated and untreated BGNY were 11.30-19.40 mpals, 1.02-1.05 g/mL, 2.0-6.90 (oBrix), 2350-3470 ppm and 6-12% respectively. Significant differences (P≤ 0.05) were obtained for viscosity except for U-BGN and GP-BGN, and none recorded for specific gravity. No significant differences (P≤ 0.05) were recorded for sedimentation stability and also LGC except for GR-BGN and G-BGN. Yoghurt produced from G-BGN had the best values in LGC, Brix, TDS, SG and sedimentation stability. Pre-treatments significantly decreased anti-nutritional properties, while lowest values were recorded for GR (40.36 mg/dL) in trypsin inhibitor, RP (12.23 mg/kg) in tannin and GP (4.64 mg/mL) in phytate reductions. It could be concluded that BGNY can be produced from pre-treated BGN, as pre-treatment significantly improved the stability of the yoghurt and reduced the anti-nutritional properties; and can be recommended that combined pre-treatment with GR-BGN should be adopted for large scale production of yoghurt since it had the best qualities.Item Efficacy of Mucor indicus and Abisidia carybifera Treated Jatropha curcas kernel on Performance Characteristics of Goat(The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2013) Belewu, M.A.; Odebisi, M.T.; Esan, O.T.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Arise, A.K.; Badmos, A.H.A.; Lawal, R.A.; Ugbamaja, E.R.; Okin, H.O.; Adebayo, A.M.The study evaluates the efficiency of Mucor indicus and Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake on the performance characteristics of weaner West African dwarf goats (average BW= 6.25kg). The goats (n=25) were randomly allocated to five dietary Treatments A, B, C, D and E in a Completely Randomised design model for a 56 day period. Treatments A ( Control, contained Groundnut cake as protein source); Treatment B (contained 50% Groundnut cake plus 50% Mucor indicus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake), Treatment C (contained 50% Groundnut cake plus 50% Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake) , Treatment D (contained 25% Groundnut cake plus 75% Mucor indicus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake) and Treatment E (contained 25% Groundnut cake plus 75% Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake). The results revealed higher crude protein and ether extract contents for the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake compared to the untreated cake. Conversely, the crude fibre content of the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake was lower than the untreated cake. Additionally, the crude fibre content of the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake was reduced between 20% (Mucor indicus) and 28% (Abisidia corymbifera) compared to the untreated cake. Similarly, the dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and ash contents of the fungi treated Treatments B, C, D and E were numerically higher (P> 0.05) compared to the Control (Treatment A). Conversely, the Crude fibre content of Treatments B, C, D and E was lower compared to Treatment A (Control). The dry matter intake of Treatments B and E compared favourably with that of the Control (Treatment A) but significantly higher than Treatments C and D. The crude protein, ash and nitrogen free extract intakes followed similar trend. The crude fibre intake of Treatments A and E were similar but significantly higher than other Treatments. Animals on Treatments B and E had similar weight gain to that of the Control (Treatment A). With the exception of dry matter digestibility of Treatment A which was significantly higher than other Treatments, other nutrient digestibility (crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract) were similar(p>0.05). The Crude fibre digestibility was lower for the fungi treated Treatments compared to the Control. It could be concluded that inclusion of 50% Mucor indicus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake and 75% Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake could be used to supplement for high cost of groundnut cake in the diet of goat.Item Growth parameters of Giant African Land Snails as influenced by different sources of Dietary Calcium in Ilorin, Nigeria.(2011) Badmos, A.H.A; Joseph, J.K.; Belewu, M.A.; Okukpe, K.M.Item Investigation on Biochemically Processed Castor Seed Meal in Nutrition and Physiology of Japanese Quails(Islamic, Azad University, Rasht Branch, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Pol-e Taleshan, Rasht, Iran., 2017) Annongu, A.A.; Atteh, J.O.; Joseph, J.K.; Belewu, M.A.; Adeyina, A.O.; Akanbi, A.S.; Yusuff, A.T.; Sola-Ojo, F.E.; Ajide, S.O.; Chimezie, V.O.; Edoh, J.H.Native de-oiled and treated castor seed meal was subjected to proximate analysis and quantification of anti-nutrients (phytochemicals). Seed cake was treated by biochemical technique of solid state fermentation with Aspergillus niger and addition of calcium oxide (CaO) to give treated castor seed meal (TCSM). One hundred and twenty Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed four (4) iso-nitrogemous and iso-caloric diets containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% TCSM corresponding to the diet 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. While the feeding trial lasted for 56 days, feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Data on proximate composition showed that raw seed, defatted residue (cake) and the processed castor seed meal contained valuable nutrients like dry matter, crude protein, fat, fibre, mineral matter and soluble carbohydrate (NFE). Phytochemical quantification gave high levels of the anti-nutrients such as ricin, allergens, ricinine in the raw seed. However, levels of these phytochemicals were reduced by defatting and treatments of the cake meal by solid state fermentation, A. niger and CaO. Performance traits indicated decreases in feed intake, weight gain, growth and increases in mortality rates especially on the diet with the highest (7.5%) inclusion of TCSM compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Nutrients retentions on the test feedstuff were not comparable with values on the reference diet on soluble carbohydrate values which decreased with increasing CSM (P<0.05) relative to the control diet. In haematological parameters packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values on diets with TCSM were exceptionally high relative to the control diet (P<0.05). However, biochemical indices (serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not influenced by dietary CSM (P>0.05). Enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed decreasing trend with increasing level of CSM in diets (P<0.05). Profiling electrolytes in the fed quails showed significant variations in concentrations of Ca++ and HCO3- on TCSM based diets (P<0.05) comparable with the control diet values. Conclusively, despite treating CSM by solid state fermentation with A. niger and CaO addition in this trial, TCSM addition still appears to induce toxic and deleterious effects on the quails. Subsequent works to enable inclusions at acceptable and higher levels after treatments are on-going.Item Nutraceutical Value of Eucalyptus Oil on the Quantity and Quality of Goat Milk.(SAAT, Federal University of Technology, Oweri, Nigeria, 2020) Belewu, M.A.; Yousuf, M.B.; Belewu, N.O.; Esan, O.T.; Salami, Khadijat Onozare; Yusuf, O.M.; Sangodele, O.T.The objective of the study was to investigate the efficiency of Eucalyptus oil as a feed supplement (on the performance characteristics) in sheep nutrition and effect on the quality and quantity of milk production. Fifteen pregnant sheep were randomized against the experimental diets in a completely randomized design model for 60days. Three different diets were prepared for the study namely; Treatment A (control), Treatment B (containing 1.0g/10kg of Eucalyptus oil) and Treatment C (containing 1.5g/10kg of Eucalyptus oil).The result showed that highest crude protein intake was noted in sheep fed with Treatments C, B and A respectively. The study also showed that there were significant differences in the milk quality and quantity of the experimental sheep due to Eucalyptus oil inclusion at different levels in the diet. The highest milk yield was recorded for Treatment C which was superior to the control while the least was for Treatment B Conversely, Treatment A had the highest butterfat and solids not fat contents. It is interesting to note that there was no significant different in the Total Solids content of the milk. In conclusion, the study revealed that inclusion of Eucalyptus oil in the basal diet of the sheep will improve the quality and quantity of milk.Item Seed Protein and Minerals Utilization from Moringa: Toxicological and Physiological Implications of Phyto-chemicals and Heavy Metals in Fed Broilers(Society of Animal Production, Department of livestock and Avian Science, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka., 2014) Annongu, A.A.; Belewu, M.A.; Karim, O.R.; Adeyina, O.A.; Kayode, R.M.O.; Sola-Ojo, F.E.; Aremu, J.O.Investigations on the utilization of nutrients from full-fat Moringa oleifera seed meal (FMOSM) and the toxicological and physiological implications of the seeds phytochemicals and heavy metals on utilization of the nutrients were conducted. Dietary FMOSM was offered to broiler chicks at hatch for 4-weeks in a one-way classification design experiment. Response criteria from the birds were determined on nutrients utilization, bioavailability of minerals including heavy metals and effects on blood constituents and metabolites. FMOSM was included in diets at graded levels of 0.00, 7.50, 10.00, 12.50 and 15.00% for diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Increasing level of virgin seed meal in diets caused a concomitant decrease in almost all the indices measured (p < 0.05), probably due to the anti-nutrients/toxic factors in the unprocessed seed meal. The birds utilized the rich minerals content of M. oleifera including its heavy metals, which prolonged consumption might be inimical to the health status of the experimental animal models. It was therefore concluded that untreated full-fat seed meal be included in diets for poultry not beyond 10% for optimum results.