Browsing by Author "Abdulkareem, K.A"
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Item Alleviation of Drought Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) Using Organic Mulch(Nigerian Institution of Professional Engineers and Scientist, 2022-05-29) Isiaka, K; Oluwasogo, I.I; Yusuf, S.Y; Lawal, M.T; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.UDespite the importance of tomato in human nutrition, occurrence of drought stress constitutes a major bane to its bountiful production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of organic mulch in improving growth, yield and quality of water stressed tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The six treatments used in the experiment were normal irrigation with zero mulch, drought stress with zero mulch and drought stress with mulch at the rates of 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha, 20tons/ha and 25tons/ha. The organic mulch material used was maize husk and the tomato variety tested was Platinum 107 F1. Water deficit treatment was imposed at flowering stage (five weeks after transplanting (5WAT)) by applying 50% field capacity as irrigation water. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant and mass of fruit yield per plant. Furthermore, leaf proximate compositions (crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content and dry matter) and leaf chlorophyll content were determined. All the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Results from this research work showed that stressed plants without mulch application had a drastic reduction in all the measured parameters. The plants subjected to drought and treated with 20tons/ha mulch showed higher plant height, number of branches and yield as well as chlorophyll, fiber and ash content compared to the plants treated with 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha and 25t/ha mulch. It is, therefore, concluded that 20tons/ha mulch be used for alleviating drought stress condition in Platinum 107 F1 tomato variety in the study area when all the conditions in this research are maintained.Item Assessment of the Diversity of Leaf Epidermal Traits of Dipcadi Filamentosum Medik Among Different Co-Geographical Regions in Nigeria(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2016-01-27) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.TThis study was conducted to disentangle the influence of environmental variables on the spatial patterns in leaf epidermal traits (i.e. stomatal occurrence, stomatal traits and epidermal cells) in some morphologically different populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik in Nigeria. The stomatal occurrence and the stomatal length (SL), stomatal width (SW), stomatal size (SS), stomatal density (SD) and stomatal index (SI) of 13 ecotypes of D. filamentosum from 11 locations in Nigeria were studied. All the populations were amphistomatous with 100% tetracytic stomatal complex type. The epidermal cells were rectangular in shape with straight to curve anticlinal cell wall pattern. Contrarily, the species from the Northern eco-geographical location had larger SS, higher SD, longer SL, higher SI and wider SW and higher epidermal cell density than those from the Southern eco-geographical location where there is higher annual rainfall and lower temperature. Temperature and rainfall affected SD, SI and SL, SS and SW whereas the epidermal cells and anticlinal cell walls were not affected. Variations were observed within and between the populations from the 4 eco-geographical locations. The variables observed among the 4 eco-geographical populations of D.filamentosum showed that effects of environmental factors are partial on the leaf epidermal traits of the plant. The evidences from the studied characters are good taxonomic features or indicators hence they can be used to separate them to different species.Item Bioclimatic Modeling of Current Geographic Distribution and Future Range Shifts of Selected Edible Mushrooms in Nigeria(Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria, 2024-03-31) Tiamiyu, B.B; Lateef ,A.A; Ajadi, I; Adeyemi, S.B; Owolabi, P.O; Sagaya, A; Abdulsalam, M; Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.TMushrooms, as part of the fungal kingdom, are essential components in nutrient cycling and carbon retention in terrestrial ecosystems. Monitoring the impact of climate change on fungi in their natural habitat is difficult because most species reside below the soil surface. As a result of a few reported occurrence records in Nigeria, we model the species distribution of two edible mushrooms, namely, Pleurotus ostreatus and Macrolepiota procera, using MaxEnt to predict the potential future range shifts under different climate change scenarios. In this study, we have calculated high model performances based on the Area under Curve (AUC) values generated (0.778-0.873). Using this modeling approach, the two species were predicted to have an expansion of their localized fundamental niches, pointing to the influence of precipitation as an important macroclimatic predictor. Highly suitable habitats for the two species were discovered primarily in Southern Nigeria, with less habitat suitability in the North-central Zone in 2050. The predicted models in this study do not tell missing geographical information, which could be achieved through citizen science for occurrence records and biodiversity conservation. However, they may be used to explore potentialities, such as understanding the possible distribution patterns of the two mushroom species in Nigeria. This can serve as a useful baseline to enhance the utilization and conservation efforts of these macrofungi as a result of climate change, habitat loss, and rapid urbanization.Item Chemosystematic Evaluation of Some Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum L. Using Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis(UNIMAS Publisher, 2021-06-30) Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T; Abdulkareem, K.AThere is little information on the use of phytochemicals for the systematic study of variation and resolving relatedness in Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum species. Thus, there is a need to carry out detailed phytochemical studies of the plant leaves, which could be helpful in ascertaining their diversity and relatedness. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was conducted on 18 accessions of G. hirsutum using the established laboratory protocols. The findings of this study indicated the presence of tannin, alkaloids, proline, flavonoids, and saponin in all of the accessions that were grouped into two at 17% genetic distance, indicating 83% relatedness. However, phytosterol, terpenoids and glycosides were absent in three of the accessions, which were grouped at 48%. The phytochemical compositions were tannin (1.30-1.09 mg/100 g), flavonoid (1.60-1.16 mg/100 g, terpenoid (0.42-0.35 mg/100 g), alkaloid (1.47-1.11 mg/100 g), saponin (4.86-1.59 mg/100 g), glycoside (1.02-0.88 mg/100 g), proline (1.57-1.0 mg/100 g) and phytosterol (0.36-0.2 mg/100 g). The aim of this research was to determine the diversity and relatedness of G. hirsutum genotypes collected from different locations of Nigeria. In general, this study emphasises the use of plant chemicals for classification purposes.Item Composition of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L. Cv. Fiji Dwarf) Edible Endosperm and Physicochemical Properties of its Oil(Federal University of Kashere-Nigeria, 2021-08-15) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Lawal, A.R.; Adeniji, O.A; Ibuowo, M.B; Jacob, O.E; Abdulra'uf, L.B; Kareem, I.; Aboyeji, O.O; Mustapha, O.T; Etejere, E.OCoconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important oil producing crops in the world. It has enormous industrial and health benefits. To affirm the foregoing, the proximate and physicochemical constituents of the oil extracted from the edible endosperm were determined. The results showed that percentage moisture, protein, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate had respective values of 42.39 %, 6.21 %, 1.04 %, 17.18 %, 8.95, and 23.69 %. The edible mesocarp has high amount of mineral elements such nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. Whereas, elements such as sodium, manganese, magnesium, copper and chlorine occurred in low quantity. The physicochemical properties of the oil showed a refractive index of 1.46, specific gravity of 0.92 g/cm3, acid value of 2.15 %, free fatty acid of 1.08 %, saponification of 125.980 mgKOH/g and iodine value of 2.89 indicating that the oil is good for consumption. Given, the results of proximate and mineral compositions, the edible endosperm could therefore be considered as good source of energy and alternative source of dietary supplement for human nutrition.Item DNA Barcoding of Vernonia amygdalina using ITS and RPOC 1 Multi Loci Gene Regions(Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, 2023-12) Abdulkareem, K.A; Elebiyo, P.T; Olayinka, B.U; Tiamiyu, B.B; Kareem, I; Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.TVernonia amygdalina is one of the most well-known plants found in Africa and Asia and the most cultivated species of the genus Vernonia. The knowledge of how living and extinct species are related to one another supports much of evolutionary Biology. Therefore, this study was aimed at carrying out the molecular identification of Vernonia amygdalina using ITS and RPOC1 regions. In this study, the identification and phylogenetic analysis of Vernonia amygdalina was done through amplification of the DNA using ITS and RPOC1 primers. The ITS and RPOC1 sequences were compared with the existing sequences in the NCBI GenBank using BLAST searches then the sequences were aligned and maximum likelihood and parsimony trees were constructed using MEGA11. The result showed that ITS sequence length is 627bp while the RPOC1 sequence is 422bp. The blast result for ITS primer sequence showed 93% - 96% similarity against 6 accessions, 70% - 74% against 8 accessions, 64% - 69% against 6 accessions, and 82% similarity against 1 accession. Whereas the RPOC1 primer sequence gave 96% - 99% similarity against all accessions in the BLAST results. Vernonia amygdalina, Hirpicium diffusum, Cyanthillium cinereum, Sonchus ustulatus, Olearia odorata, and Olearia laxiflora were observed as out groups for their respective trees with the RPOC1 primer producing the highest percentage with all BLAST matches ranging from 96% to 99%. This indicates that the RPOC1 primer produced higher identification to species level.Item Effect of Planting Methods on Growth and Yield of Groundnut Cultivars(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021-01) Olayinka, B.U; Abdulbaki, A.S; Mohammed, R.T; Alsamadany, H; Murtadha, R.B; Alzahrani, Y; Abdulaziz, A; Abdulkareem, K.A; Etejere, E.OBackground: The low yield in groundnut which can be partly attributed to poor land preparation methods necessitated the need for alternative strategy of land preparation that will promote higher productivity in groundnut farming. Methods: A field experiment was carried out in two separate locations between May and August in 2016 to assess the effect of planting methods on growth and yield of groundnut cultivars. Result: The results revealed that groundnut crop sown on modified ridges and furrow with narrow furrow planting recorded significantly higher plant height, number of leaves, 50% flowering, yield attributes and yield when compared to other methods of planting All the groundnut cultivars responded positively to all planting methods except those grown on flat surface without beds. However, modified ridges and furrow with narrow furrow planting proved to be the best method.Item Effect of salinity stress on growth, yield and nutritional qualities of two okra varieties(Agricultural Academy of Bulgaria, 2020) Kareem, I; Dauda, Z.I; Kareem, S.A; Abdulmaliq, S.Y; Adekola, O.F; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Abdulaziz, A; Alasinrin, S.K; Usman, M; Mahamoud, A,RThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of salt stress on the growth yield and nutri tional quality of two okra varieties. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Clemenson spineless NHA-e varieties of okra were the two varieties tested. The treatments used comprised four salinity levels (0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, and 75 mM) us ing sodium chloride as the salinity source. The varieties were assessed using plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, days to first flowering and fruit weight. Furthermore, moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fiber contents were used to assess the fruit nutritional qualities. The results showed that Clemenson spineless variety had better tolerance to salinity stress in plant height, days to flowering, fruit mass, ash content and crude protein content. However, NHA-e variety was more tolerant in fruit dry matter, crude fibre content, carbohydrate content and ether extract content. It is concluded that Clemenson spineless was more tolerant to salinity stress than NHA-e variety. Therefore, Clemenson spineless variety should be used in saline areas of Ilorin which is the northern guinea savannah zone of Nigeria and places with the same edaphic and climatic attributesItem EFFECT OF SODIUM AZIDE ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THREE TOMATO ACCESSIONS (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICON L.)(Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2017) Abdulkareem, K.A; Garuba, T.; Akande, E.O; Mustapha, O.TThe effect of chemical mutagen (Sodium azide) was used to study the morphological characters of three accessions of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) and to estimate the heritability of treated plants. Dry seeds of one accession (NGB01302) were collected from National Centre for Genetic Resources (NACGRAB) and two accessions (Tropimech and Tima) were collected from National Horticultural Research Institute (NIGHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria. The seeds were presoaked in water to test for viability. The seeds were soaked in sodium azide of concentrations 1mM, 2mM and 4mM in phosphate buffer of pH 4 for 4 hours and rinsed under a running tap to remove excess mutagen. The result of the study showed that the control of Tropimech had the highest germination (100%) while the lowest was recorded in treatment with 1mM. At four weeks of planting (4WAP), there was no significant difference between the heights of treated seedlings of Tropimech while the untreated seedlings were significantly different from the treated seeds. No significant difference was observed in both treated and untreated seedlings of Tima and NGB01302. Highly significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, number of fruit and fruit weight in the three accessions. The heritability of the yield parameters (number of flower and fruit weight) were moderate and the genetic advance was high in the number or leaves, number of flowers and fruit weight. There was general reduction in all parameters under study with increasing concentration of sodium azide except in NGB01302 which showed an increase.Item EVALUATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE'S CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ON ONION (Allium cepa)(Federal University Dutsinma, Nigeria., 2023-06-02) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Sulyman, R.A; Kareem, I; Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.TThe purpose of this investigation was to see if Calcium Carbide (CaC2) had any harmful effects on onions (Allium cepa L.). Allium cepa root tips were grown in various concentrations of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) (0.25g, 0.50g, 0.75g, and 1.00g)/ 250ml, with distilled water serving as a control. For cytological tests, the root tips of Allium cepa growing in the treatments and control were removed daily between 7:30am and 8:30am. Pretreatment, fixation, hydrolysis, squashing, and staining of cells for mitotic investigations were performed, and data on cytological parameters were collected using a light microscope at a magnification of X40. The mitotic index (MI) and karyotype analysis were used to assess the data collected on these parameters. The results of this study showed that root tips treated with 0.25g of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) have a mitotic index of 45.83 and the rate of cell division decreases with an increase in the concentration of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) as the cell divides the mitotic index dropped sharply. These finding indicated that Calcium Carbide is a strong mitotic inhibitor and could give rise to mitotic abnormalities with increase in concentration and also reduced cell division. We therefore recommended that there is need for further investigation using lower concentrations of Calcium Carbide as well as other mutagenic substances in order to ascertain their effect on the chromosomal behaviorItem Evaluation of genetic variation among populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik in some geographical regions in Nigeria based on RAPD markers(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2018-05-09) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T; Krishnamurthy, RThe genetic variations were studied in different populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik collected from various geographical locations in Nigeria using 12 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, USA) and amplification of fragments was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Amplification by 9 primers resulted in the detection of 95 loci and this represented 100% polymorphism. The sizes of the bands ranged between 1500-50bp in OPAE-14 and OPAC 11.The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the genetic variation observed were accounted for by the first three components (81.14%). Biplot analysis indicated that the markers effectively separated the populations into groups based on genetic similarity. The cluster analysis classified the populations into two major clusters with nine groups. The Neighbour joining clustered populations from YOB (north east,), OYO (south west) and KBA (north central) as genetically related and close neighbours.Item Evaluation of growth and yield of different varieties of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Southern Guinea Savannah(Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Minna, Nigeria, 2012-08) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T.Eleven early maturing varieties of cowpea obtained from IITA Ibadan were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Biological garden of the University of Ilorin permanent site .Growth and yield parameters such as number of leaves per plant, plant height at maturity, number of days to 50% flowering , days to pod maturity and grain yield were evaluated. The result showed that IT 98K-131-2 produced highest number of leaves and this could be recommended as fodder for livestock while IT 97K-499-35 was found to have the highest yield in terms of seeds as compared to other varieties after the evaluation of growth and yield parameters. Variety IT 00K-961-5 had the tallest height at maturity while variety IT 98K-205-8 had the least height .Most of the varieties flowered between 40-42 days after planting. Early maturing varieties took between 60-70 days to mature.Item GENETIC DIVERSITY IN POPULATIONS OF DIPCADI FILAMENTOSUM MEDIK. USING ISSR MOLECULAR MARKERS(West University of Timisoara, Romania, 2018) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T; Krishnamurthy, R.Genetic diversity was estimated among 13 populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) was used to generate data to examine the patterns of genetic differentiation between and within the populations. A total of ten primers used generated 146 amplicon of which 97.9% of loci detected revealed polymorphism. The Shannon’s indices (I) and Nei’s genetic diversity (h) among the studied populations from the various regions were estimated at 0.6216 (SD = 0.1199) and estimate of gene flow (Nm) in the population was 5.0555. Cluster analysis (neighbor-joining, NJ) revealed that the North-West populations (KAT) are genetically distinct from the North-central populations (SOB, KAB, KAM and KAS). Ordination by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) supported the findings of NJ. The SOB and YOB; MAI and UNI populations clustered as closely related are probably as a result of correlation between the geographical locations and gene flow.Item GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN GERMPLASM OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS(Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2020) Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T; Abdulkareem, K.ACotton plant belongs to the genus Gossypium and family Malvaceae, or mallow family. The plant is indigenous to the tropic and sub-tropic region including Africa, America and India. The plant is an essential cash crop cultivated in various countries. It provides raw material for textile industries and also for edible oil (Shashank et al., 2014a). The study of genetic diversity in a crop breeding programme is essential for the selection of suitable diverse parent to obtain heterotic hybrids as well as conservation and characterization of germplasm (Shashank et al., 2014b). Genetic diversity of cotton cultivar is measured by assessing morphological characters, biochemical and molecular markers. This provides information on choosing parents in the development of cotton cultivars and hybrids (Wu et al., 2006 and Ullah et al., 2012). Zhang et al. (2008) reported that DNA based marker have been subjugated broadly for molecular characterizationItem GENETIC VARIABILITY VIA PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS AMONG SOME NIGERIAN ACCESSIONS OF PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN)(The Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2021) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Danzaki, M.M; Idris, R; Kareem, I; Aziz, A; Sagaya, Q; Mustapha, O.TPurpose: Lack of genetic variability is a limitation to pigeon pea improvement. Hence the need to study the genetic variability of five accessions of pigeon pea with the view of isolating those that are with high yield and early maturity. Research Method: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was used in the protein extraction and genetic diversity was estimated using Paleontological Statistics (PAST). Findings: A total of 24 protein bands were obtained ranging from 10kDa to 170 KDa. The protein band with the highest molecular weight was generated in accession NG/AO/MAY/09/021, NG/AO/11/08/108, NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/SA/07/208 while lowest molecular weight i.e 10 KDa was generated in NG/AO/MAY/09/021. Highest similarity index was recorded (45.16%) in NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/SA/07/208 and lowest (13.04%) in NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/AO/MAY/09/021. The bands showed variability based on intensity and presence or absence of any of them among the accessions. Jaccard’s similarity separated the 5 accessions into two clusters at an UPGMA similarity coefficient range of 0.2 to 1. Originality/Value: Accession NG/AO/MAY/09/021 occupies a distinct position hence could be combined with other accessions in a breeding programme.Item INFLUENCE OF SEED PRIMING ON YIELD, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-DEFICIT STRESSED LOWLAND RICE(West University of Timisoara, Romania, 2021-08-28) Kareem, I; Ismail, M.R; Puteh, A.B; Kareem, S.A; Lawal, O.I; Adekola, O.F; Faseyi, A.F; Olaniyan, J.O; Yusuf, S.Y; Lawal, M.T; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Abdulaziz, A.; Ahmed, O; Baba, H.S; Kuranga, H.A; Lawal, Q.O; Musa, A.I; Oyelade, H.YOne of the potential ways of increasing rice production to cater for ever increasing population of Malaysia is to extend the production area of lowland rice through its production as upland rice. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of seed priming in alleviating water deficit stress in lowland rice produced as upland rice. The treatments used were 100mM calcium chloride dihydrate for duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 40% w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 for a duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 100ppm kinetin for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, 200ppm methyl jasmonate for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, stressed control (unprimed seeds) and the unstressed control (unprimed seeds with adequate irrigation). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on classical growth parameters, germination pattern, gas exchange characteristics, yield and yield components. It was found that priming MR219 rice with PEG could enable the variety to be produced as upland rice with little yield reduction because PEG priming was the best in individual seed mass, final yield, harvest index and water use efficiency. It is, therefore, concluded that 48hours of priming with 40%w/v polyethylene glycol at 25oC be used for MR219 rice seeds whenever MR219 rice variety is to be cultivated as upland rice.Item Molecular Characterisation of Some Accessions of Corchorus olitorius l.(Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, 2019-12) Abdulkareem, K.A; Sidiq, K.A; Olayinka, B.U.; Lateef, A.A.; Garuba, T.; Olahan, G.S.; Adeyemi, S.B.; Sagaya, A.; Tiamiyu, B.B.; Abdulrahman, A.A.Nigeria has several native leafy vegetables that have been neglected. Corchorus olitorius belongs to this group. Genetic diversity was studied in five accessions of the plant using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE). The aim was to determine the relationship (differences and similarities) among them. Sixteen polypeptide bands were obtained ranging from 12.29 KDa to 170 KDa indicating variations in the banding patterns of the accessions. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic algorithm (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped the five accessions into three clusters with four groups showing 60% of the accessions in one group. The greatest similarity (96%) observed was between NGB00196 and NGB00194 while the lowest similarities (32%) NGB00191 and (40%) NGB00187. Adopting this technology can be useful in plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties. NGB00191 was observed to be distantly related to the other accessions hence could be combined in a breeding programme.Item MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DIPCADI FILAMENTOSUM MEDIK USING SSR MARKER(West University of Timisoara, Romania, 2019-12-30) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.TThe genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships were accessed in 24 populations of Dipcadi filamentosum using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. The specimens were collected from 11 sites in 8 states in Nigeria. These were transplanted into 5 liter sized buckets filled with sandy-loam soil at the Botanical Garden of the University of Ilorin in Ilorin, Nigeria. Genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves using CTAB method. The degree of relatedness and genetic diversity among the populations was assessed using SSR. Four sets of SSR primers were used on each population and diversity among the populations were studied. The dendrogram constructed from the dissimilarity and Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithemathic Averages (UPGMA) showed that 23% of the analyzed populations were unrelated. The Yobe population from north – east forms an independent cluster at 74%. While at 77 – 100% similarity all other populations were shown to be related. The delimitation by these markers on the Dipcadi populations ranged from 0.7250 to 0.8875 respectively. Genetic diversity estimates were between 0.5427 and 0.7149 while the Heterozygosity were between 0.4638 and 0.7586. Genetic diversity among the population under study was evident by the polymorphism obtained in the study. Thus, by means of the SSR markers the genetic diversity in the populations wasdetermined.Item Molecular Characterization of Potential Crop Pathogens Associated with Weeds as Endophytes in Uniilorin Plantations, Nigeria(College of Science for Women/ University of Baghdad, 2022-05-20) Lateef, A.A; Garuba, T; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Olahan, G.S; Adeyemi, S.B; Abdulrahaman, A.ACrop diseases are usually caused by inoculum of pathogens which might exist on alternate hosts or weeds as endophytes. These endophytes, cum pathogens, usually confer some beneficial attributes to these weeds or alternate hosts from protection against herbivores, disease resistance, stress tolerance to secondary metabolites production. This study was therefore carried out to isolate potential crop pathogens which exist as endophytes on weed species in the University of Ilorin plantations. Green asymptomatic leaves were collected from 10 weed species across the plantations, and processed for their endophytic fungi isolation. Isolates were purified into pure cultures and used for molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal sequences using MEGA software revealed 9 fungal genera belonging to 13 species, with species in the genera Curvularia, Epicoccumand Daldinia occurring in more than one weed species, while other genera such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Macrophomina, Arthrinium and Phomopsis occurred in just one weed species each. Daldinia eschscholtzii was isolated in this study as an endophyte from Loudetia arundinacea for the first time. This plant is very abundant in Nigeria and Africa where it is used majorly for thatching and feeding livestocks. This also represents the first endophytic fungi from the genus Loudetia. Potential relationship between the occurrences of these fungi as endophytes and as pathogens are discussed. These discoveries represent the first large-scale molecular identification and several first reports of endophytes from these weed species. These results also represent the first records of some of these fungi in Nigeria.Item Mutagenic effects of ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation on the anatomy of three species of Capsicum(Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Bangladesh, 2018-12-03) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olobatoke, A.A; Abdulrahaman, A.A; Mustapha, O.TUV radiant seedlings of Capsicum annuum, C. Chinenese and Capsicum frutescens were studied anatomically to observe the UV effects on the leaf epidermis, stem and root ultra structures. While there is a higher percentage of stomatal index in the UV-exposed plants compared to the controlled, unexposed plants, there is no correlation in the stomatal density and stomatal size between the exposed and unexposed plants to the ultraviolet irradiation. There was also no correlation between the stomatal size and the stomatal density in both treatments (exposed and unexposed) in all the plants. Significant differences were observed in the stomatal index on both leaf surfaces between the exposed and controlled plants of C. frutescens and C. annuum. Cell walls of the stem and root were observed to be thicker in the UV-exposed plants.