Browsing by Author "Mustapha, O.T"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
  • Item
    Assessment of the Diversity of Leaf Epidermal Traits of Dipcadi Filamentosum Medik Among Different Co-Geographical Regions in Nigeria
    (Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2016-01-27) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T
    This study was conducted to disentangle the influence of environmental variables on the spatial patterns in leaf epidermal traits (i.e. stomatal occurrence, stomatal traits and epidermal cells) in some morphologically different populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik in Nigeria. The stomatal occurrence and the stomatal length (SL), stomatal width (SW), stomatal size (SS), stomatal density (SD) and stomatal index (SI) of 13 ecotypes of D. filamentosum from 11 locations in Nigeria were studied. All the populations were amphistomatous with 100% tetracytic stomatal complex type. The epidermal cells were rectangular in shape with straight to curve anticlinal cell wall pattern. Contrarily, the species from the Northern eco-geographical location had larger SS, higher SD, longer SL, higher SI and wider SW and higher epidermal cell density than those from the Southern eco-geographical location where there is higher annual rainfall and lower temperature. Temperature and rainfall affected SD, SI and SL, SS and SW whereas the epidermal cells and anticlinal cell walls were not affected. Variations were observed within and between the populations from the 4 eco-geographical locations. The variables observed among the 4 eco-geographical populations of D.filamentosum showed that effects of environmental factors are partial on the leaf epidermal traits of the plant. The evidences from the studied characters are good taxonomic features or indicators hence they can be used to separate them to different species.
  • Item
    Bioclimatic Modeling of Current Geographic Distribution and Future Range Shifts of Selected Edible Mushrooms in Nigeria
    (Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria, 2024-03-31) Tiamiyu, B.B; Lateef ,A.A; Ajadi, I; Adeyemi, S.B; Owolabi, P.O; Sagaya, A; Abdulsalam, M; Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T
    Mushrooms, as part of the fungal kingdom, are essential components in nutrient cycling and carbon retention in terrestrial ecosystems. Monitoring the impact of climate change on fungi in their natural habitat is difficult because most species reside below the soil surface. As a result of a few reported occurrence records in Nigeria, we model the species distribution of two edible mushrooms, namely, Pleurotus ostreatus and Macrolepiota procera, using MaxEnt to predict the potential future range shifts under different climate change scenarios. In this study, we have calculated high model performances based on the Area under Curve (AUC) values generated (0.778-0.873). Using this modeling approach, the two species were predicted to have an expansion of their localized fundamental niches, pointing to the influence of precipitation as an important macroclimatic predictor. Highly suitable habitats for the two species were discovered primarily in Southern Nigeria, with less habitat suitability in the North-central Zone in 2050. The predicted models in this study do not tell missing geographical information, which could be achieved through citizen science for occurrence records and biodiversity conservation. However, they may be used to explore potentialities, such as understanding the possible distribution patterns of the two mushroom species in Nigeria. This can serve as a useful baseline to enhance the utilization and conservation efforts of these macrofungi as a result of climate change, habitat loss, and rapid urbanization.
  • Item
    Chemosystematic Evaluation of Some Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum L. Using Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis
    (UNIMAS Publisher, 2021-06-30) Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T; Abdulkareem, K.A
    There is little information on the use of phytochemicals for the systematic study of variation and resolving relatedness in Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum species. Thus, there is a need to carry out detailed phytochemical studies of the plant leaves, which could be helpful in ascertaining their diversity and relatedness. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was conducted on 18 accessions of G. hirsutum using the established laboratory protocols. The findings of this study indicated the presence of tannin, alkaloids, proline, flavonoids, and saponin in all of the accessions that were grouped into two at 17% genetic distance, indicating 83% relatedness. However, phytosterol, terpenoids and glycosides were absent in three of the accessions, which were grouped at 48%. The phytochemical compositions were tannin (1.30-1.09 mg/100 g), flavonoid (1.60-1.16 mg/100 g, terpenoid (0.42-0.35 mg/100 g), alkaloid (1.47-1.11 mg/100 g), saponin (4.86-1.59 mg/100 g), glycoside (1.02-0.88 mg/100 g), proline (1.57-1.0 mg/100 g) and phytosterol (0.36-0.2 mg/100 g). The aim of this research was to determine the diversity and relatedness of G. hirsutum genotypes collected from different locations of Nigeria. In general, this study emphasises the use of plant chemicals for classification purposes.
  • Item
    Composition of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L. Cv. Fiji Dwarf) Edible Endosperm and Physicochemical Properties of its Oil
    (Federal University of Kashere-Nigeria, 2021-08-15) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Lawal, A.R.; Adeniji, O.A; Ibuowo, M.B; Jacob, O.E; Abdulra'uf, L.B; Kareem, I.; Aboyeji, O.O; Mustapha, O.T; Etejere, E.O
    Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important oil producing crops in the world. It has enormous industrial and health benefits. To affirm the foregoing, the proximate and physicochemical constituents of the oil extracted from the edible endosperm were determined. The results showed that percentage moisture, protein, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate had respective values of 42.39 %, 6.21 %, 1.04 %, 17.18 %, 8.95, and 23.69 %. The edible mesocarp has high amount of mineral elements such nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. Whereas, elements such as sodium, manganese, magnesium, copper and chlorine occurred in low quantity. The physicochemical properties of the oil showed a refractive index of 1.46, specific gravity of 0.92 g/cm3, acid value of 2.15 %, free fatty acid of 1.08 %, saponification of 125.980 mgKOH/g and iodine value of 2.89 indicating that the oil is good for consumption. Given, the results of proximate and mineral compositions, the edible endosperm could therefore be considered as good source of energy and alternative source of dietary supplement for human nutrition.
  • Item
    DNA Barcoding of Vernonia amygdalina using ITS and RPOC 1 Multi Loci Gene Regions
    (Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, 2023-12) Abdulkareem, K.A; Elebiyo, P.T; Olayinka, B.U; Tiamiyu, B.B; Kareem, I; Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T
    Vernonia amygdalina is one of the most well-known plants found in Africa and Asia and the most cultivated species of the genus Vernonia. The knowledge of how living and extinct species are related to one another supports much of evolutionary Biology. Therefore, this study was aimed at carrying out the molecular identification of Vernonia amygdalina using ITS and RPOC1 regions. In this study, the identification and phylogenetic analysis of Vernonia amygdalina was done through amplification of the DNA using ITS and RPOC1 primers. The ITS and RPOC1 sequences were compared with the existing sequences in the NCBI GenBank using BLAST searches then the sequences were aligned and maximum likelihood and parsimony trees were constructed using MEGA11. The result showed that ITS sequence length is 627bp while the RPOC1 sequence is 422bp. The blast result for ITS primer sequence showed 93% - 96% similarity against 6 accessions, 70% - 74% against 8 accessions, 64% - 69% against 6 accessions, and 82% similarity against 1 accession. Whereas the RPOC1 primer sequence gave 96% - 99% similarity against all accessions in the BLAST results. Vernonia amygdalina, Hirpicium diffusum, Cyanthillium cinereum, Sonchus ustulatus, Olearia odorata, and Olearia laxiflora were observed as out groups for their respective trees with the RPOC1 primer producing the highest percentage with all BLAST matches ranging from 96% to 99%. This indicates that the RPOC1 primer produced higher identification to species level.
  • Item
    EFFECT OF SODIUM AZIDE ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THREE TOMATO ACCESSIONS (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICON L.)
    (Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2017) Abdulkareem, K.A; Garuba, T.; Akande, E.O; Mustapha, O.T
    The effect of chemical mutagen (Sodium azide) was used to study the morphological characters of three accessions of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) and to estimate the heritability of treated plants. Dry seeds of one accession (NGB01302) were collected from National Centre for Genetic Resources (NACGRAB) and two accessions (Tropimech and Tima) were collected from National Horticultural Research Institute (NIGHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria. The seeds were presoaked in water to test for viability. The seeds were soaked in sodium azide of concentrations 1mM, 2mM and 4mM in phosphate buffer of pH 4 for 4 hours and rinsed under a running tap to remove excess mutagen. The result of the study showed that the control of Tropimech had the highest germination (100%) while the lowest was recorded in treatment with 1mM. At four weeks of planting (4WAP), there was no significant difference between the heights of treated seedlings of Tropimech while the untreated seedlings were significantly different from the treated seeds. No significant difference was observed in both treated and untreated seedlings of Tima and NGB01302. Highly significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, number of fruit and fruit weight in the three accessions. The heritability of the yield parameters (number of flower and fruit weight) were moderate and the genetic advance was high in the number or leaves, number of flowers and fruit weight. There was general reduction in all parameters under study with increasing concentration of sodium azide except in NGB01302 which showed an increase.
  • Item
    EVALUATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE'S CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ON ONION (Allium cepa)
    (Federal University Dutsinma, Nigeria., 2023-06-02) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Sulyman, R.A; Kareem, I; Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T
    The purpose of this investigation was to see if Calcium Carbide (CaC2) had any harmful effects on onions (Allium cepa L.). Allium cepa root tips were grown in various concentrations of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) (0.25g, 0.50g, 0.75g, and 1.00g)/ 250ml, with distilled water serving as a control. For cytological tests, the root tips of Allium cepa growing in the treatments and control were removed daily between 7:30am and 8:30am. Pretreatment, fixation, hydrolysis, squashing, and staining of cells for mitotic investigations were performed, and data on cytological parameters were collected using a light microscope at a magnification of X40. The mitotic index (MI) and karyotype analysis were used to assess the data collected on these parameters. The results of this study showed that root tips treated with 0.25g of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) have a mitotic index of 45.83 and the rate of cell division decreases with an increase in the concentration of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) as the cell divides the mitotic index dropped sharply. These finding indicated that Calcium Carbide is a strong mitotic inhibitor and could give rise to mitotic abnormalities with increase in concentration and also reduced cell division. We therefore recommended that there is need for further investigation using lower concentrations of Calcium Carbide as well as other mutagenic substances in order to ascertain their effect on the chromosomal behavior
  • Item
    Evaluation of genetic variation among populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik in some geographical regions in Nigeria based on RAPD markers
    (University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2018-05-09) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T; Krishnamurthy, R
    The genetic variations were studied in different populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik collected from various geographical locations in Nigeria using 12 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, USA) and amplification of fragments was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Amplification by 9 primers resulted in the detection of 95 loci and this represented 100% polymorphism. The sizes of the bands ranged between 1500-50bp in OPAE-14 and OPAC 11.The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the genetic variation observed were accounted for by the first three components (81.14%). Biplot analysis indicated that the markers effectively separated the populations into groups based on genetic similarity. The cluster analysis classified the populations into two major clusters with nine groups. The Neighbour joining clustered populations from YOB (north east,), OYO (south west) and KBA (north central) as genetically related and close neighbours.
  • Item
    GENETIC DIVERSITY IN POPULATIONS OF DIPCADI FILAMENTOSUM MEDIK. USING ISSR MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (West University of Timisoara, Romania, 2018) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T; Krishnamurthy, R.
    Genetic diversity was estimated among 13 populations of Dipcadi filamentosum Medik. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) was used to generate data to examine the patterns of genetic differentiation between and within the populations. A total of ten primers used generated 146 amplicon of which 97.9% of loci detected revealed polymorphism. The Shannon’s indices (I) and Nei’s genetic diversity (h) among the studied populations from the various regions were estimated at 0.6216 (SD = 0.1199) and estimate of gene flow (Nm) in the population was 5.0555. Cluster analysis (neighbor-joining, NJ) revealed that the North-West populations (KAT) are genetically distinct from the North-central populations (SOB, KAB, KAM and KAS). Ordination by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) supported the findings of NJ. The SOB and YOB; MAI and UNI populations clustered as closely related are probably as a result of correlation between the geographical locations and gene flow.
  • Item
    GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN GERMPLASM OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS
    (Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2020) Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T; Abdulkareem, K.A
    Cotton plant belongs to the genus Gossypium and family Malvaceae, or mallow family. The plant is indigenous to the tropic and sub-tropic region including Africa, America and India. The plant is an essential cash crop cultivated in various countries. It provides raw material for textile industries and also for edible oil (Shashank et al., 2014a). The study of genetic diversity in a crop breeding programme is essential for the selection of suitable diverse parent to obtain heterotic hybrids as well as conservation and characterization of germplasm (Shashank et al., 2014b). Genetic diversity of cotton cultivar is measured by assessing morphological characters, biochemical and molecular markers. This provides information on choosing parents in the development of cotton cultivars and hybrids (Wu et al., 2006 and Ullah et al., 2012). Zhang et al. (2008) reported that DNA based marker have been subjugated broadly for molecular characterization
  • Item
    GENETIC VARIABILITY VIA PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS AMONG SOME NIGERIAN ACCESSIONS OF PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN)
    (The Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2021) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Danzaki, M.M; Idris, R; Kareem, I; Aziz, A; Sagaya, Q; Mustapha, O.T
    Purpose: Lack of genetic variability is a limitation to pigeon pea improvement. Hence the need to study the genetic variability of five accessions of pigeon pea with the view of isolating those that are with high yield and early maturity. Research Method: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was used in the protein extraction and genetic diversity was estimated using Paleontological Statistics (PAST). Findings: A total of 24 protein bands were obtained ranging from 10kDa to 170 KDa. The protein band with the highest molecular weight was generated in accession NG/AO/MAY/09/021, NG/AO/11/08/108, NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/SA/07/208 while lowest molecular weight i.e 10 KDa was generated in NG/AO/MAY/09/021. Highest similarity index was recorded (45.16%) in NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/SA/07/208 and lowest (13.04%) in NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/AO/MAY/09/021. The bands showed variability based on intensity and presence or absence of any of them among the accessions. Jaccard’s similarity separated the 5 accessions into two clusters at an UPGMA similarity coefficient range of 0.2 to 1. Originality/Value: Accession NG/AO/MAY/09/021 occupies a distinct position hence could be combined with other accessions in a breeding programme.
  • Item
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DIPCADI FILAMENTOSUM MEDIK USING SSR MARKER
    (West University of Timisoara, Romania, 2019-12-30) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T
    The genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships were accessed in 24 populations of Dipcadi filamentosum using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. The specimens were collected from 11 sites in 8 states in Nigeria. These were transplanted into 5 liter sized buckets filled with sandy-loam soil at the Botanical Garden of the University of Ilorin in Ilorin, Nigeria. Genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves using CTAB method. The degree of relatedness and genetic diversity among the populations was assessed using SSR. Four sets of SSR primers were used on each population and diversity among the populations were studied. The dendrogram constructed from the dissimilarity and Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithemathic Averages (UPGMA) showed that 23% of the analyzed populations were unrelated. The Yobe population from north – east forms an independent cluster at 74%. While at 77 – 100% similarity all other populations were shown to be related. The delimitation by these markers on the Dipcadi populations ranged from 0.7250 to 0.8875 respectively. Genetic diversity estimates were between 0.5427 and 0.7149 while the Heterozygosity were between 0.4638 and 0.7586. Genetic diversity among the population under study was evident by the polymorphism obtained in the study. Thus, by means of the SSR markers the genetic diversity in the populations wasdetermined.
  • Item
    Mutagenic effects of ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation on the anatomy of three species of Capsicum
    (Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Bangladesh, 2018-12-03) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olobatoke, A.A; Abdulrahaman, A.A; Mustapha, O.T
    UV radiant seedlings of Capsicum annuum, C. Chinenese and Capsicum frutescens were studied anatomically to observe the UV effects on the leaf epidermis, stem and root ultra structures. While there is a higher percentage of stomatal index in the UV-exposed plants compared to the controlled, unexposed plants, there is no correlation in the stomatal density and stomatal size between the exposed and unexposed plants to the ultraviolet irradiation. There was also no correlation between the stomatal size and the stomatal density in both treatments (exposed and unexposed) in all the plants. Significant differences were observed in the stomatal index on both leaf surfaces between the exposed and controlled plants of C. frutescens and C. annuum. Cell walls of the stem and root were observed to be thicker in the UV-exposed plants.
  • Item
    Mutagenic Role of Artificial Ultraviolet (UV-C) Irradiation on the Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicon L.)
    (Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Gujarat, India, 2015-07-31) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T; Garuba, T; Kasture, A; Oyeyiola, O.B
    Effects of artificial ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation (254nm) on the growth and yield of Solanum lycopersicon (tomato) accession NGB 01301 were studied. Viable seeds were irradiated with handheld UV lamp (model UVGL 55; Science company, USA) for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. Treated seeds were sown in plastic buckets at the screened house of the Botanical garden of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria in five replicates. Quantitative data were obtained at maturity, 20 WAS (Weeks After Sowing) and subjected to Analysis of variance using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Highest germination (93.33%) was obtained in 30 min treatment and the lowest (63.33%) in 10 min exposure. Maximum plant height (53.37 cm) was recorded in 10 min while the least (47.60cm) was in 60 min treatment. Petiole length was highest (2.40 cm) in treatment for 10min, treatment with 50 min produced least petiole length (1.37±0.26 cm). With respect to leaf parameters, optimum performance was recorded in 30 min treatment. However, highest performance in response to UV irradiation with respect to petiole length, number of branches and leaf number occurred in 10 min treatment. Among the exposure time evaluated, 30 min produced early maturing plants with highest fruit yield.
  • Item
    Performance of cowpea varieties [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] on yield and yield components in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, 2014-04-15) Abdulkareem, K.A; Mustapha, O.T
    Eleven early maturing cowpea genotypes were obtained from IITA, Ibadan and were arranged in a complete randomised design in three replications in the Biological garden, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ilorin in 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons. yield parameters such as number of pods per plant, length of pods per plant, number of seeds per pods, weight of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and yield per hectare were observed. Data collected were subjected to analysis of components. On average, IT 98k-131-2, IT 97k-499-35 and IT-95k-207-22 out performed the other varieties in the two cropping seasons. IT 98k-131-2 has the highest yield amongst cowpea varieties cultivated at Ilorin.
  • Item
    Phylogenetic Position of Nigerian Species of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) in the Current Infrageneric Classification
    (The College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria, 2024) Tiamiyu, B.B; Lateef, A.A; Sagaya, A; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Ayinla, A; Adeyemi, S.B; Amenu, S.G; Abdulrahaman, A.A; Mustapha, O.T
    Curcuma longa L. (commonly known as Tumeric) is the only species of the genus Curcuma found in Nigeria. It is of great economic importance to Nigeria, Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world, where it is widely used for ornamental and medicinal purposes, and as spices in food and beverages. However, the phylogenetic placement of the turmeric plant (C. longa) in Nigeria is far from being fully resolved, hence the need for this study. The rhizomes of turmeric were collected at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo state. Genomic DNA was extracted, followed by the amplification of the ITS and psbA-trnH regions. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum likelihood method. The result resolved the phylogenetic position of Nigerian species and supported existing subgenera classification into three clades, all with high bootstrap support for the three clades. The result of this study supports the subgenera classification of the genus and further reveals the phylogenetic position of C. longa.