Browsing by Author "Kolo, P.M."

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    38.Prevalence an d predictors of peripheral artery disease among hypertensive patients in a tertiary hospital in north - central Nigeria
    (Kenyan Medical Association., 2023) Yusuf, I.A.; Akinlade, O.M.; Awodun, O.R; Yusuf, W.O.; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.
    Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral artery disease and its predictors among hypertensive patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Design: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study. Setting: General outpatient clinic and cardiology clinic Participants:150 hypertensive patients and 150 normotensive patients were recruited. Main outcome measures: The participants were physically examined, and their blood samples were taken for analysis. Ankle-brachial index was determined among the participants using a handheld Doppler machine. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 20 computer software package. Results: The prevalence of peripheral artery disease among the hypertensive subjects and normotensive patients were 20% and 3.3% respectively. The predictors of peripheral artery disease were age of the patient (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.08), duration of hypertension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.15), abnormal body mass index (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.17 - 9.97) and total cholesterol (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 2.33 - 13.27). Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease is a common complication among hypertensive patients studied. The predictors of peripheral artery disease among Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral artery disease and its predictors among hypertensive patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Design: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study. Setting: General outpatient clinic and cardiology clinic Participants:150 hypertensive patients and 150 normotensive patients were recruited. Main outcome measures: The participants were physically examined, and their blood samples were taken for analysis. Ankle-brachial index was determined among the participants using a handheld Doppler machine. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 20 computer software package. Results: The prevalence of peripheral artery disease among the hypertensive subjects and normotensive patients were 20% and 3.3% respectively. The predictors of peripheral artery disease were age of the patient (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.08), duration of hypertension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.15), abnormal body mass index (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.17 - 9.97) and total cholesterol (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 2.33 - 13.27). Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease is a common complication among hypertensive patients studied. The predictors of peripheral artery disease among these patients were age, duration of hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia
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    Accuracy of The Clinical Diagnosis of Heart Failure Among General Practitioners in a Resource-Constrained Setting.
    (World Heart Federation, 2018) OGUNMODEDE, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Katibi, I.A.; Adekeye, K.A.; Bojuwoye, M.O.; Omotoso, A.B.; Aderibigbe, A
    Accurate and early diagnosis of Heart failure (HF) is imperative for effective treatment to reduce mortality especially in a resource constrained setting. Very frequently , the first diagnosis and indeed subsequent management of HF is done by general practitioners The objective was to determine the accuracy of the clinical skill of GPS practising in Nigeria in making a correct diagnosis of HF using echocardiography as the gold standard
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    Association between blood pressure dipping patterns and hypertension-mediated organ damage among Nigerians with newly diagnosed hypertension.
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun state University, Osogbo., 2021) Dele-Ojo, B.F; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ojo, O.D; Kolo, P.M.; Katibi, I.A.; Omotoso, A.B.; Adeoye, M.A; Adesokan, A
    bstract Introduction: Abnormal blood pressure (BP) dipping patterns are associated with increased cardiovascular risk among Africans. This study determined the association between BP dipping patterns and hypertension-mediated organ damage among patients with newly-diagnosed hypertension. Methods: Ambulatory BP monitoring and echocardiography were carried out on 120 participants. Participants were categorized based on the ratio of night-time to day-time systolic BP into 4 patterns: Normal dipper (≥ 10% but < 20%), non-dippers (≥ 0% but < 10%), reverse dippers (<0%) and extreme dippers (≥ 20%). Result: Fifty-one (42.5%) were males, the mean age and body mass index were 44.2±9.8years and 27.1±4.4kg/m2 respectively. The non-dipping pattern was the most prevalent while the reverse dipping had the lowest mitral E/A ratio. Office systolic blood pressure was the only predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy (OR=1.050, 95% CI=1.004-1.098; p-value = 0.034). Conclusions: The non-dipping pattern was the most prevalent abnormal dipping pattern while the reverse dippers had the highest risk of hypertension-mediated organ damage. Office blood pressure was the only predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hence, office BP measurement as well as ambulatory blood pressure measurements are potentially important tools in risk stratification in resource-poor settings of sub-Saharan Africa.
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    Characteristics of patients with acute heart failure in North Central Nigeria.
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun state University, Osogbo., 2021) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Bojuwoye, M.O.; Dele-Ojo, B.F; Ogunmodede, A.J.; Kolo, P,M., Omotoso, A.B.O.
    Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is an important cause of hospital admission in Nigeria. HF is increasingly prevalent because the population is aging and HF epidemiology is changing. We aimed at profiling the socio-demographic, clinical and echocardiographic (Echo) characteristics of patients admitted for acute HF. This is one of the largest cohorts of HF patients profiled in Nigeria so far. Methods: Cross sectional design. Socio-demographic, clinical and Echo data were collected from 455 patients admitted for AHF at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, North central, Nigeria. Results: Mean age of patients was 58.9± 15.7years, (men were older than women, P= 0.006). 265(58.2%) were males, most patients were aged >60 years, 4.8% had pre-existing Type2 Diabetes mellitus. 53.2% of patients presented in New York Heart Association StagesIII and IV. Median duration of admission was 11days (IQR, 6-17), intrahospital mortality- 11.6%. Hypertension was the commonest aetiological factor (62.4%), followed by dilated cardiomyopathy 17.6%, rheumatic heart disease (6.6%), Peripartum cardiomyopathy (5.3%), and others. Conclusion: AHF patients in our study are older than those in previous studies in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. Hypertension is main driver of AHF, and patients largely present with clinically advanced disease necessitating stronger public health education about risk factors and early presentation.
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    COVID-19 related disruption of out-patient services: an opportunity for integrating telemedicine into clinical practice in public hospitals in Nigeria.
    (The Biomedical Communications Consult, 2020) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ogunmodede, A.J.; OYELEKE, O.A.; Bolarinwa, O.A.; Buhari, O.I.N; Kolo, P.M.; Olokoba, A.B.
    In December 2019, the first cases of a viral pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Deep thoroughput sequencing of airway secretions of the patients revealed a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. On February 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease Coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) and declared it a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. As the COVID-19 cases escalated, it became a source of tremendous disruption of the lives and means of livelihood of huge populations of people worldwide. The pandemic continues to spread and the number of cases of COVID-19 worldwide numbered a cumulative 22,034,395 with 776,801 deaths as at August 17, 2020. (Worldometer COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020) Nigeria had recorded 49, 485 cases and 977 deaths by the said date while South Africa leads the continent’s tally of the disease with 589,886 cases and 11,982 deaths – the fifth highest in the world. (Worldometer COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020). The implementation of measures instituted to limit the spread of the disease by most national governments included wearing of face masks in public and restriction of human movement and physical interaction.
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    Effect of Spinal Anaesthesia on QT interval: Comparative study of severe pre eclamptic and normotensive parturients undergoing caesarean section.
    (Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria., 2022) Adedapo, O.A.; Bolaji, B.O; Adegboye, M.B.; Kolo, P.M.; Suleiman, Z.A., Adedapo, O.O., Jimoh, O.S.,
    Aim: This study aimed to compare the effect of spinal anesthesia on QT interval in severe pre-eclamptic and normotensive parturients who underwent cesarean section in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Patients and Methods: Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained before, and at intervals after spinal anaesthesia on fifty severe pre‑eclamptic (Group A) and fifty normotensive parturients (Group B) who underwent caesarean section. The effect of spinal anaesthesia on QT interval was compared. Results: The preoperative (baseline) mean QT interval was longer in group A than in group B; 453.10 ± 34.11 ms versus 399 ± 18.79 ms, P < 0.001. The prevalence of prolonged QT interval in the severe pre‑eclamptic group before spinal anesthesia was 80% while in the normotensive group it was 0%, P < 0.001. At 5, 30, 60, and 120 min after the establishment of spinal anesthesia, the mean QT interval in the severe pre-eclamptic group was shortened and maintained within normal limits; 414.74 ± 28.05, 418.28 ± 30.95, 411.18 ± 19.21 and 401.36 ± 17.52 ms with P < 0.001 throughout. In the normotensive group, there was no significant change in the mean QT interval. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the QT interval was more prolonged among the severe pre‑eclamptic parturients. Spinal anesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine normalized the QT interval and maintained it within normal limits during the study period.
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    The Impact of HIV/AIDS on The Cardiovascular System - A Review of Current Trends.
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2017) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Katibi, I.A.; Omotoso, A.B.O; Adekeye, K.A.
    he Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is undoubtedly one of the most significant pandemics the world has known with its effect spanning over three decades now. Initial emphasis in the management of the condition was on opportunistic infections, but the introduction of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has led to longer survival times for HIV patients and converted the infection to a chronic manageable illness like systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Hence, unlike the situation at the emergence of the pandemic, patients now live long enough to develop organ-related complications and it is believed that managing these will soon dominate the care of patients. We review the literature on current knowledge and trends in the involvement of the heart in HIV infection.
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    Indirect victims of COVID-19: Effect of closure of the Medical Outpatient services on Non-COVID-19 patients
    (West African College Of Physicians, 2021) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ogunmodede, A.J.; Bojuwoye, M.O.; Bello, A.H.; Buhari, O.I.N; Kolo, P.M.
    Background: In order to reduce COVID-19 transmission and protect healthcare workers, the outpatient departments (OPDs) in many hospitals worldwide were closed down in the early days of the pandemic. Patients being managed for chronic medical illnesses who subsequently suffered reduced access to healthcare have been described as “the patients left behind”. The study aimed at assessing the impact of the closure of the Medical OPD of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) during the government-declared lockdown between March 23, 2020 and June 8, 2020 on the health and perceived well-being of patients with chronic medical illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 166 patients with chronic medical illnesses attending the MOPD in UITH. Results: Mean age of participants was 49.5±18.5 years, 82 (49.4%) were male, median duration of attending MOPD was 24months (IQR 12-36). 84 patients(50.6%) perceived a negative affectation of their well-being by the closure of MOPD. Being >50years was associated with a perception of negative affectation of well-being (P=0.02). 130 patients (78.2%) had clinic appointments that fell within the period under review. 61(69.3%) of the 88 patients who had medical complaints during the period could not reach a doctor and this was associated with a perception of negative affectation of their well being. The commonest action they took was to do nothing (27.9%), two (3.3%) resorted to herbal concoctions. 49 (29.9%) felt their complaints were urgent. Conclusions: Our study identifies that patients with chronic medical illness are potential victims of COVID-19 related disruption of healthcare services. Healthcare managers in Nigeria must develop alternatives such as telemedicine that sustain face-to-face medical interaction during eventualities.
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    The Indirect victims of COVID-19: perception of non- COVID-19 patients about the effect of closure of the medical outpatient services on their health.
    (West African College Of Physicians, 2022) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ogunmodede, A.J.; Dele-Ojo, B.F; Bello, A.H.; Bolarinwa, O.A.; Bojuwoye, M.O.; Yusuf, I.A.; Abiola, T.S; Olokoba, A.B.; Kolo, P.M.
    BACKGROUND: In order to reduce COVID-19 transmission and protect healthcare workers, the outpatient departments (OPDs) in many hospitals worldwide were closed down in the early days of the pandemic. Patients being managed for chronic medical illnesses who subsequently suffered reduced access to healthcare have been described as “the patients left behind”. AIM: The study aimed at assessing the impact of the closure of the Medical OPD in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) on the health and perceived well-being of patients with chronic medical illnesses. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 180 patients with chronic medical illnesses attending the MOPD in UITH. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 50.2±18.2years, 92 (51.1%) were male, median duration of attending MOPD was 21 months (IQR 12-36). 92 patients (51.1%) perceived a negative affectation of their well-being by the closure of MOPD. Being >50 years was associated with a perception of negative affectation of well-being (P=0.042). 140 patients (77.8%) had clinic appointments that fell within the period under review. 67(69.3%) of the 97 patients who had medical complaints during the period could not reach a doctor and this was associated with a perception of negative affectation of their wellbeing. The commonest action they took was to do nothing (28.3%), three (4.5%) resorted to herbal concoctions. 19 (29.9%) felt their complaints were urgent. CONCLUSION: Our study identifies that patients with chronic medical illness are potential victims of COVID-19 related disruption of healthcare services. Healthcare managers in Nigeria must develop alternatives such as telemedicine that sustain face-to-face medical interaction during eventualities.
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    Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: A rare but fatal condition.
    (Nigerian Cardiac Society, 2017) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Adeoye, P.O.; Adekeye, K.A.
    Left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm (PA) is rarely seen and it is the result of free-wall myocardial rupture contained by overlying adherent pericardium, fibrous tissue without myocardial tissue. When it occurs, it is usually associated with myocardial infarction and is potentially prone to complications such as thromboembolic phenomenon and rupture with resultant cardiac tamponade. LV pseudoaneurysm is potentially fatal, and early detection with prompt treatment is important to prevent mortality. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate LV pseudoaneurysm from true aneurysm. It is, therefore, very important to use a combination of imaging modalities to evaluate the affected patients to confirm the diagnosis. We report the case of a fatal LV PA in a middle-aged man who had no history suggestive of prior myocardial infarction, diagnosed on two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan.
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    Normotensive offsprings of hypertensive Nigerians have increased Left ventricular mass and abnormal geometric patterns
    (African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Kampala, Uganda, 2012) Kolo, P.M.; Sanya, E.O.; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Omotoso, A.B. & Soladoye, A.O
    Background: Reports have shown that normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents (OHP) are at increased risk of developing systemic hypertension (SH) and adverse cardiovascular events later in life. The pathological antecedents of this are thought to be alterations in the structure and function of left ventricle. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining left ventricular mass and geometry in OHP and compared with offspring without parental hypertension. Methods: Sixty-five OHP aged 15-25 years with 65-age and sex-matched offspring of normotensive parents (ONP) were studied for early makers of hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Those with heart murmurs, structural heart diseases and blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg were excluded. Electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiogram were done in standard positions. Results: Mean left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were significantly higher in the subjects than controls (p=0.001, 0.046, 0.03 and 0.004 respectively). LVMI correlated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), ECG voltage, and posterior wall diastolic dimension. Waist circumference was an independent predictor of LVMI in OHP. Conclusion: We concluded that normotensive OHP have alterations in left ventricular mass and structure; and should be considered as a special group that needs early dietary and lifestyle adjustments to prevent future cardiovascular events.
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    Open Heart Surgery in Ilorin: Case Report and Experience with the First Two Cases
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2017) Adeoye, P.O.; Abdulkadir, M.B.; Kolo, P.M.; Ige, O.A.; Afolabi, J.K.; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Olawumi, H.O.; Adeboye, M.A.N.; Adedoyin, O.T.
    Open heart surgery is uncommonly done in Nigeria and restricted to few centres despite the burden of congenital heart disease. We present our first experience with open heart surgery at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. A 15 years old female adolescent presented with a 2 years history of easy fatigability, dyspnoea on exertion and chest pain. Echocardiography revealed a large ostium secundum atrial septal defect. She had patch closure of the atrial septal defect. The second case was a 7 years old female child with stunted growth. Echocardiography confirmed an ostium secundum atrial septal defect and severe pulmonary valvular stenosis. She had patch closure of the atrial septal defect and pulmonary valvulotomy. Both patients are being followed up and doing well. The hospital has achieved a major milestone by performing its first open heart surgeries. A coordinated team approach yields good results in the development of capacity and facilities for performing open heart surgery in Nigeria.
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    PATTERN AND EXPLANATORY FACTORS FOR MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION, DIABETES MELLITUS AND THEIR COMORBIDITY IN A NORTH CENTRAL STATE OF NIGERIA
    (International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 2017) Bolarinwa, O.A.; Bamgbola, O.A.; Sanya, E.O.; Kolo, P.M.; Ameen, H.A.; Durowade, K.A.; Uthman, M.M.B.; Ogunmodede, J.A.; Buliaminu, S.A.; Odeigah, L.O.; Akande, T.M.; Morisky, D.E.
    Introduction: Hypertension and diabetes are the two most common non-communicable diseases seen in outpatient clinics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Promoting medication adherence is a major clinical hurdle to be crossed in reducing the premature morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. This study explored factors that predict medication adherence among hypertensive and diabetic patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among hypertensive and diabetic patients in outpatient clinics of a teaching hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Data was collected from 1,203 patients using a validated Morisky 8-item medication adherence questionnaire. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to model the medication adherence explanatory factors with SPSS version 22. Result: Less than half (43.3%) of the patients were highly adherent to their medication. The relative proportion for high adherence was 42.7%, 35.6% and 49.2% for hypertension, diabetes and both diseases respectively. The odds of medication adherence improving from either low to medium level or from medium to high level was explained by; age, symptoms count, absence of disease complication and absence of drug side effect among the patients. Blood pressure, gender and disease duration did not explain medication adherence among hypertensive and diabetic patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that the discomfort experienced due to the disease condition and the medication regimen are important explanatory factors for patient’s medication adherence in the study setting. This study recommends strategies to reduce multiple drug combinations and promote medication adherence counselling and education among patients.
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    Pattern And Explanatory Factors For Medication Adherence Among Patients With Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus And Their Comorbidity In A North Central State Of Nigeria
    (Community Health Society of Malaysia., 2017) Bolarinwa, O.A.; Bamgbola, O.A.; Sanya, E.O.; Kolo, P.M.; Ameen, H.A.; Durowade, K.A.; Uthman, M.M.B.; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Buliaminu S.A., Odeigah L.O., Akande T.M., Morisky D.E.
    Introduction: Hypertension and diabetes are the two most common non-communicable diseases seen in outpatient clinics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Promoting medication adherence is a major clinical hurdle to be crossed in reducing the premature morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. This study explored factors that predict medication adherence among hypertensive and diabetic patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among hypertensive and diabetic patients in outpatient clinics of a teaching hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Data was collected from 1,203 patients using a validated Morisky 8-item medication adherence questionnaire. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to model the medication adherence explanatory factors with SPSS version 22. Result: Less than half (43.3%) of the patients were highly adherent to their medication. The relative proportion for high adherence was 42.7%, 35.6% and 49.2% for hypertension, diabetes and both diseases respectively. The odds of medication adherence improving from either low to medium level or from medium to high level was explained by; age, symptoms count, absence of disease complication and absence of drug side effect among the patients. Blood pressure, gender and disease duration did not explain medication adherence among hypertensive and diabetic patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that the discomfort experienced due to the disease condition and the medication regimen are important explanatory factors for patient’s medication adherence in the study setting. This study recommends strategies to reduce multiple drug combinations and promote medication adherence counselling and education among patients.
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    Pattern and predictive factors of health-related quality of life of patients with hypertension, diabetes and concomitant hypertension with diabetes in Ilorin, Nigeria.
    (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical College, Lagos, Nigeria., 2016) Bolarinwa, O.A.; Ameen, H.A.; Sanya, E.O.; Kolo, P.M.; Durowade, K.A.; Uthman, MMB; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Buliaminu, S.A., Odeigah, L.O. & Akande, T.M.
    Background: Hypertension and diabetes are the two most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Nigerian population. Because of the lifelong nature of the two diseases and the attendant long treatment regimen required, assessing the health‑related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome of these diseases. Objective: This study assessed the pattern and predictive factors of HRQoL among patients with hypertension, diabetes and concomitant hypertension and diabetes using the 36-item short-form version 2. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1203 patients attending the outpatient clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin; the patients were sampled using systematic random sampling methods. Patients were divided into those with hypertension, diabetes and both diseases. The predictors of physical and mental component summaries of HRQoL were analysed using Norm-based Scoring. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: The patients with both diseases have lowest physical HRQoL (45.6), while the diabetic patients have the worst mental HRQoL (39.5). Negative predictors of physical HRQoL across the three groups were: drug regimen (hypertension P < 0.001, diabetes P < 0.001, both P = 0.005), CVD complication (hypertension P < 0.001, diabetes P = 0.025) and accompanying persons (P < 0.001). The positive predictors of physical HRQoL across the three groups were medication adherence (hypertension P < 0.001, diabetes P < 0.001 and both P = 0.002). Similarly, medication adherence was the positive predictor for mental HRQoL across the three groups of patients (hypertension P < 0.001, diabetes P = 0.001 and both P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study provided evidence to show that HRQoL across the three categories of patients in Ilorin, Nigeria, is suboptimal. Drug regimen, medication adherence and support from accompanying persons were important predictive factors of HRQoL.
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    Rehospitalization rate and predictors of rehospitalization in heart failure patients in north central Nigeria
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2022) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Dele-Ojo, B.F; Yusuf, I.A.; Salau, I.L.; Katibi, I.A.; Omotoso, A.B.
    INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It imposes considerable strain on patients through the burden of recurrent rehospitalizations.. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to determine the rehospitalization rate of heart failure patients managed over a 3-year period in our Centre, identify factors predictive of rehospitalization and determine the survival curve for 6-month among our patients. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients with HF managed in our Hospital between 2014 and 2017. RESULTS 148 patients who had complete data were studied. 25.7% of patients were rehospitalized at least once during the study period. 16.2% were rehospitalised by 6 months. Only age was found to be predictive of 6-month rehospitalization OR 1.03, (CI 1.004-1.056), p=0.024 suggesting that every one year increase in age is predictive of a three percent increase in likelihood of rehospitalisation. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve for 6-month rehospitalization among rehospitalized patients is shown below. CONCLUSION The rehospitalization rates among our patients are slightly higher among other reported rates in our environment. In the resource-constrained setting we practice issues of treatment affordability and availability of novel medications and treatment strategies are important considerations to reduce rehospitalization in HFpatients.
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    Self-reported symptoms of uninvestigated dyspepsia among university staff in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun state University, Osogbo., 2016) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Bojuwoye, M.O.; Olokoba, A.B.; Bolarinwa, O.A.; Kolo, P.M.
    Objectives: Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal (GI) symptom which impacts negatively on quality of life, workplace efficiency and overall productivity. Many studies on dyspepsia in our environment are hospital based, but being a complaint frequently treated first by self-medication before presentation to the hospital, such studies may underestimate its prevalence. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the dyspepsia and its associated factors among administrative staff of the College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Pretested structured, close-ended, interviewer-administered questionnaires were administered to 53 administrative staff selected across the different units by stratified random sampling. The questionnaire obtained information about subject's experiences of dyspeptic symptoms and presence of associated factors such as family history, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), tobacco and alcohol use, and presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: The prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia among the respondents was 37.5%. Age was significantly predictive of the occurrence of dyspepsia among the subjects Odds Ratio- 1.46, 95% Confidence Interval (1.042-2.045) P=0.03. Use of NSAIDS, presence of DM, family history and tobacco use were not predictive of occurrence of dyspepsia. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyspepsia is high among respondents in the study.
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    Sex-related differences in clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic indices among normotensive offspring of black parents with hypertension.
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 2017) Kolo, P.M.; Sanya, E.O.; Omotoso, A.B.; Soladoye, A.O; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele
    Context: Blood pressure tracking has suggested that the difference in blood pressure between women and men begins to manifest during the adolescent period. It is therefore postulated that sex-related cardiac structural and functional differences that could predict future events may exist in the heart of offspring of parents with hypertension. Aims: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of sex difference on the heart of offspring of parents with hypertension. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants and Methods: A group of offspring of parents with hypertension aged between 15 and 25 years were recruited for the study if they had normal blood pressure and gave consent. They had clinical, electrocardiography, and echocardiographic assessments. Results: Sixty-five participants consisting of 47 males and 18 females participated in the study. Mean systolic blood pressure was higher (P = 0.001) in the males compared with the females but the diastolic blood pressure was similar between them. Electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters (heart rate, QRS axis and QTc) were similar between the males and the females but the summation of ECG voltage (SV2 + RV6) was higher in the former than the latter. Left ventricular (LV) posterior wall (P = 0.001), aortic root diameter (P = 0.014), LV mass (P = 0.001), LV mass index (P = 0.001), and relative wall thickness (P = 0.003) were higher in the male compared with the female participants, respectively. However, more females (72.2%) had normal LV geometry compared with the males, P = 0.03. Conclusion: There are subtle clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic differences between the heart of male and female offspring of parents with hypertension with the former having more precursors of future cardiovascular events.
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    Structural echocardiographic abnormalities seen in HIV/AIDS patients are independent of CD4 count.
    (Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria., 2017) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Kolo, P.M.; Katibi, I.A.; Salami, A.K.; Omotoso, A.B.
    Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains one of the most daunting public health challenges today. Cardiac involvement in HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is frequent and has been recognized on autopsy since the emergence of the pandemic. The objective of the study was to assess the pattern of structural echocardiographic (echo) findings in HIV/AIDS patients and compare this to the echo findings in apparently healthy HIV‑negative controls. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty HIV‑ positive patients were recruited consecutively from the HIV patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty age‑ and sex‑matched controls were also recruited from the surrounding community. All the individuals had clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (echo) done. Results: ECG abnormalities were seen in 55.3% of the HIV‑positive patients compared with 2.7% of controls (P < 0.001). The overall prevalence of echo abnormalities among the patients was 54%, against 15.3% (P < 0.001) of the controls. All the structural dimensions of the cardiac chambers were significantly greater than the cardiac chamber dimensions in the controls except for left atrial dimension (LAD). When the patients were considered in two groups of those with CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm 3 than those with CD4 count more than 200 cells/mm 3 , the structural chamber dimensions were similar between both groups. Conclusions: Echo is an important tool for detecting cardiac abnormalities in HIV/AIDS patients. There is a high prevalence of echo abnormalities among HIV patients seen in our centre. The HIV infection was associated with increased structural dimensions of cardiac chambers compared with HIV‑negative controls. This however did not seem to be related to disease severity as the chamber dimensions were similar between those with CD4 count below and above 200 cells/mm 3 .