Browsing by Author "Ibraheem, Rasheedat M"
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Item Assessment of the timely administration of birth dose vaccines in Northern Nigeria and associated factors(Ubiquity Press, 2022-07-22) Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Garba, Bilikisu Ilah; Aliu, Rasaki; Ibrahim, Olayinka R; Bello, Abdulafeez Oyesola; Mohammed, Salihu Sheni; Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Hashim, Rabiu; Lawal, Ibrahim Magaji; Ahmed, GraceBackground: Lack of a timely receipt of vaccines can cause uncertain immune response and under-vaccination. Hence, timely vaccination is crucial to ensure an infant’s early protection. Objectives: To identify the age of presentation for the birth dose vaccines, vaccine antigens received and factors associated with vaccination presentation by day one in Northern Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 1 952 mother-infant pairs enrolled from 5 different states in Northern Nigeria. Data was collected using a questionnaire including the socio-demographic, antenatal care (ANC), delivery details, birth dates, vaccination presentation and birth vaccine antigens received. Data analysis was done with the SPSS-21 software. Findings: The median age of the infants at presentation for birth vaccines was six (interquartile range 2–16) days. A total of 413 (21.2%) infants were brought by the day of birth (day 0) or the next day (Day one), while one-fifth (20.6%) presented after Day 28. The most frequently received antigen was the Bacille-Calmette-Guerin by 1 781 infants (91.2%), oral polio vaccine 1 703 (87.2%), and hepatitis B vaccine birth dose the lowest at 75.1% (1 565). The commonest reasons for delayed presentations were an ill baby (24.7%) and an ill mother (21.9%). Factors associated with presentation within Day one post-birth were hospital delivery (OR–1.67, 95% CI; 1.28–2.19), firstborn (OR–1.40; 95%CI; 1.02–1.93), Christianity (OR–2.14 95% CI; 1.63–2.81), and mother with tertiary education (OR–1.62, 95% CI; 1.05–2.48). Ibraheem et al. 2 Annals of Global Health DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3743 Conclusion: Timely administration of the birth dose vaccines is low in Northern Nigeria. Furthermore, some babies do not get the required vaccines despite presenting for vaccination due to stockout. Strategies for early neonatal vaccination such as vaccination in hospital suites post-delivery and utilizing relatives/fathers to take the baby for vaccination when a mother is indisposed are imperative.Item Assessment of Willingness and Attitude of Female Undergraduates of Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria towards Egg Donation to Infertile Couples(2022-07) Ameen, Hafsat Abolore; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Oladiji, F; Abdulraheem, HA; Salaudeen, AG; Musa, OI; Aderibigbe, SA; Akande, TM; Abdulraheen, IS; Abdulsalam, TSBackground: Literature is limited on research focusing on attitudes and willingness of undergraduate females, who are the target population for egg donation clinics. This study investigated the attitude of female undergraduates in Kwara State, north-central Nigeria, towards ethical issues in egg donation and their willingness to donate egg to infertile couples. Methods: We used a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A multistage sampling technique was also used to select 559 female undergraduates in universities in Kwara State enrolled for the 2017/2018 academic session. An adapted questionnaire validated and tested for reliability (r = 0.86) was used for data collection. IBM SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data. Percentage was used to answer research questions, while Chi-square was employed to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The Results: Majority of the respondents were 15-20 years old 371 (66.3%), unmarried 541 (96.8%), Muslims 338 (60.5%), Yoruba (82.8%) and first-year students 304 (54.4%). Only a few respondents 100 (17.8%) believed it is good to support egg donation. Majority 357 (63.9%) believed that egg donors should be compensated (in cash or kind). Only 187 (33.4%) respondents agreed that egg donor and egg recipient should know each other. In addition, majority 503 (89.9%) of the respondents said they would not disclose their involvement in egg donation to their spouses. Slightly more than half (54.9%) of the respondents are not willing to donate their eggs for fear of the procedure, religious and cultural reasons. Conclusion: Female undergraduates in the study area are not in support of egg donation and are mostly unwilling to donate their eggs. The university authorities should include egg donation as a topic in General Studies (GNS) to keep female students abreast of issues in egg donation to enable them make informed decisions prior to donation.Item Burden and spectrum of paediatric respiratory diseases at a referral hospital in North-Central Nigeria - A five-year review.(Elsevier, 2019-11-13) Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Aderemi, Jubril A; Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Johnson, Abdul-Wahab BRIntroduction: Globally respiratory diseases, comprising a broad range of disease conditions due to infectious and non-infectious causes, are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Thus, identification of the burden of respiratory illness will ensure appropriate interventions towards reducing its attendant morbidity and mor- tality. The study was conducted to identify the burden, spectrum and outcome of respiratory diseases in hos- pitalized children at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study involving children admitted through the emergency paediatric unit over five years (January 2013-December 2017) was conducted. Data on demography, diagnosis, co- morbidities and complications, duration of admission, and outcome were collected and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the total 7012 children admitted, 1939(27.7%) were due to respiratory diseases with a median age of 16 (interquartile range {IQR} 7-36) months. Males were 994(51.3%) and 945(48.7%) females. Infectious dis- eases were the most common cause of admission. Pneumonia (50.1%) and aspiration pneumonitis (5.1%) ac- counted for the highest admissions due to infective and non-infective respiratory diseases respectively. Overall, respiratory diseases accounted for 20.7% (119/574) of the overall mortality among all admissions while the all- respiratory disease mortality was 6.1% (119/1939). The major contributors to mortality were pneumonia, as- piration pneumonitis and tuberculosis accounting for 81(68.1%), 12(10.1%) and nine (7.6%) deaths respec- tively. The median duration of hospital stay was four days [IQR: 2 to 6 days]. A significantly higher proportion of the deaths occurred with four days of admission and 82.4% of the deaths occurred among those aged less than five years. A higher number of females (70, 58.8%) died compared to males (49, 41.2%), p=0.05. Conclusion: Pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis are major contributors to morbidity and mortality due to respiratory diseases for which interventions towards improving childhood health indices should be prioritized.Item Determinants of timely presentation for birth dose vaccination at an immunization centre in North-central Nigeria.(2019-03-01) Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Akintola, Moshood A; Adeboye, Muhammed A.N.Background: Timely receipt of immunization is an essential prerequisite to ensure early protection of the child. However, a low proportion of children in Nigeria benefit from the timely administration of the birth dose vaccines. Objectives: These were identification of factors associated with timely presentation and reasons for presentation beyond 24 hours at an immunization centre in Ilorin, Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 480 mother-infant pairs was conducted at an immunization centre. Socio-demographic, antenatal care (ANC) and delivery details, infant’s birthday and day of presentation for vaccination were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with time to presentation within day one. Findings: 239 (49.8%), 421 (87.7%) and 454 (94.6%) babies were vaccinated within days one, seven and 14 respectively. Post-secondary education level of mothers (OR = 3.60; 95% C.I: 1.30–9.91), antenatal care attendance (OR = 9.55; 95% C.I: 1.75–52.12), and hospital delivery (OR = 6.36; 95% C.I: 1.33–30.38) were associated with presentation within day one. Having correct knowledge of the immunization sched- ule increased the odds of early presentation by three times, p = 0.025. The commonest reason for presentation after day one for vaccination was weekend/public holiday delivery identified in 83 (35.2%) mother-infant pairs. Conclusion: Hospital delivery, attendance at antenatal care, postsecondary education and knowledge of the immunization schedule were factors associated with timely presentation for birth dose vaccination. Strategies to improve timeliness of the birth dose vaccination should target babies delivered outside the hospital as well as during weekends in the hospital. Also, inclusion of immunization into the health education curriculum of schools could be beneficial.Item Disseminated tuberculosis in a Nigerian adolescent with Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis: A case report and review of the literature.(2022-06) Gobir, Aisha; Ariyibi, Solomon O; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Johnson, Abdul-Wahab BR; Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Katibi, Oludolapo S; Adeoye, Peter O; Udoh, E.A; ilesanmi, Omotoyosi; Folaranmi, Olalekan.OLinear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an auto-immune disease affecting young children and adults, characterized by the linear deposition of IgA at the basement membrane zone with resultant complement activation and a cascade of immune reactions. There is a loss of adhesion at the dermo-epidermal junction and subsequent blister formation. It is a rare disease that has a good prognosis with adequate therapy. However, the underlying depressed immunity associated with the disease may expose them to such infections as tuberculosis. We report the case of an 11-years-old Nigerian female adolescent with LABD, diagnosed at the age of four years but defaulted on fol low-up, who developed disseminated tuberculosis (pulmonary, lymph nodes, abdominal and pericardial effusion) seven years after the appearance of the initial blistering skin lesions. She commenced anti-tuberculosis drugs, steroids, and a tube pericardiostomy for the pericardial effusion. Dapsone was initiated for the LABD during the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis therapy, with subsequent disappearance of the skin rash within two weeks. WAJM 2022; 39(6): 646– 650.Item Effects of call reminders, short message services (SMS) reminders, and SMS immunization facts on childhood routine vaccination timing and completion in Ilorin, Nigeria.(2021-06) Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Akintola, Moshood A; Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Ameen, Hafsat; Bolarinwa, Oladimeji A; Adeboye, Muhammed A.N.Background: Reminders via mobile devices deployed as short message services (SMS) or calls have been identified to be a useful strategy in improving routine immunization uptake in several countries. Objective: To identify the timeliness of appointments with reminders (calls or SMS), SMS health education and the routine care, and the vaccination completion rates in Ilorin, Nigeria. Method: Mother-infant pairs presenting for the first vaccination appointment were randomized into four (three inter- ventions, one control) groups, each consisting of 140 participants. Intervention groups were reminders via calls (A), SMS reminders (B), immunization fact SMS messages (C) and controls on usual care (D). Reminders were made a day before the appointment while SMS immunization facts were sent at five weeks, nine weeks and eight months. Appropriate timing was defined as the scheduled visit ±3 days. Results: The immunization completion rates after the nine months’ visit were 99.2%, 99.3%, 97% and 90.4% for Groups A, B, C and D respectively. Compared with controls, Group A had the highest odds [AOR 8.78 (6.10, 12.63)] of presenting at an appropriate time, followed by Group B [AOR 2.56 (1.96, 3.35)], then Group C [AOR 2.44 (1.87, 3.18)]. Conclusion: Reminders/SMS immunization facts improve vaccination completion rates.Item Evaluation of the awareness and experiences of the primary and secondary school teachers on asthma: A cross-sectional study in Ilorin, Nigeria.(2022-10-04) Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Hamzah, Abdullateef Olanrewaju; Ameen, Hafsat; Katibi, Oludolapo S; Johnson, Abdul-Wahab BROBJECTIVES: Children spend the daytime participating in classes and sports. Hence, as the general caregiver of children during school hours, the teacher has a role in managing those with asthma. The present study aims to identify teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and experiences about childhood asthma in primary and secondary schools in Ilorin, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1532 teachers from 64 schools (24 primary and 40 secondaries) selected through multistage sampling. A 40-item Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess teachers’ knowledge about childhood asthma. A score of <22 out of 40 was considered suboptimal knowledge of childhood asthma. RESULTS: The response rate was 92.8%. Two-thirds of respondents were female. The overall mean age was 33.8 ± 8.1 years. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) teaching duration was 6 (3–11) years. The teachers had the highest median score (60.0%) in the triggers domain and the lowest median score (33.3%) in the symptoms domain. The overall median (IQR) knowledge score of the primary school teachers was 50.0 (30.0–65.0%), and for the secondary school teachers was 52.5 (30.0–65.0%), P = 0.689. Two hundred and ninety-one (55.1%) primary teachers and 479 (53.6%) secondary teachers had suboptimal knowledge. Teachers with an asthmatic relative, an asthmatic child in the class, or who previously witnessed a child with an asthmatic attack had – significantly better asthma knowledge, with each P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: About half of the teachers surveyed had suboptimal knowledge of asthma. Strategies to improve teachers’ knowledge are crucial for improved childhood asthma management in Ilorin schools.Item Factors associated with timeliness of hepatitis b birth dose: a cross-sectional study in North-western Nigeria.(2022-06-05) Ibrahim, Olayinka R; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Aliu, Rasaki; Lawal, Ibrahim MagajiNo studies focused on the hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccine since Nigeria adopted the strategy to reduce hepatitis B viral infection. Hence, we determined the uptake of HepB-BD, factors associated with timeliness, and those that contributed to delay. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at an immunization post in north-western Nigeria. We recruited 400 mother-infant pairs that presented for the first immunization and obtained relevant information, including socio-demographics and reasons for the delays. Of the 400 infants, 44 (11.0%) received HepB-BD within 24 hours (timeliness), 105 (26.3%) and 274 (68.5%) by day 7 and 14, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that mothers' education (primary adjusted odds (AOR) 17, 95% CI 1.404, 204.611), secondary AOR 5.9, 95% CI 1.148, 29.895), and tertiary AOR 7.7, 95% CI 1.228, 48.545), and third born AOR 8.2, 1.625, 41.018) were associated with HepB-BD timeliness. Maternal-related factors were the commonest (129; 46.6%) for delayed HepB-BD, with maternal illness the most commonly cited reason (37; 28.7%). This study showed a deficient level of uptake of HepB-BD vaccines among infants. Factors that were associated with timeliness included maternal education and higher birth order. The commonest reason for delayed HepB-BD was maternal illness.Item Fibrinolytic proteins of normal pregnancy and pre-eclamptic patients in North West Nigeria(2018) Oladosu-Olayiwola, Rashidat Oluwatosin; Olawumi, Hannah; Babatunde, Abiola; Ijaiya, Munirdeen; Durotoye, Idayat; Biliaminu, Sikiru A; Ibraheem, Rasheedat MBackground: The hypercoagulability of pregnancy is exaggerated in pre-eclamptic state because of endothelial activation with resultant production of some endothelial derived proteins that are said to be inhibitors of fibrinolysis. This study compares these proteins like tPA, PAI-1 and D-dimers in normal pregnant women and the pre-eclamptic women. Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Eighty-five pre-eclamptic women were recruited as subjects and eighty five age, trimester and parity matched normotensive pregnant women as controls. Levels of PT, aPTT, tPA, PAI-1, D-dimer protein were determined in blood samples of subjects and controls. Urinalysis was performed with dipstick method on their urine samples. Data generated was analysed using the IBM®SPSS 20.0 (2011) soft ware packages and the level of significance was a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.9±5.2 years. The median(25th-75th percentile) values of D-dimer, tPA, and PAI-1 of subjects were 730 (305.000-1560.000ng/ml), 0.11 (0.065-0,300ng/ml) and 3.65 (2.970-4,400ng/ml) respectively which were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the controls of 520 (24.000-1030.000ng/ml), 0.05 (0.040-0.090ng/ml and 2.650 (2.125-3.400ng/ml) respectively, p<0.05 each. Conclusion: The abnormal levels of PAI-1,D-dimer and tPA imply that they contribute to the exaggerated hypercoagulabilty state in pre-eclampsia thus, measuring their levels can help in the management of the condition.Item Knowledge and Acceptance of Covid-19 Vaccine Among Adult Residents of a Rural Community in Kwara State, Nigeria(2022-07-19) Ameen, Hafsat Abolore; Adana, NS; Aibinuomo, OR; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Oladiji, F; Alatishe-Muhammed, BW; Tijani, RO; Adeyemi, OM; Bolarinwa, OA; Uthman, MMB; Abdulraheem, IS; Ahmed, KABackground: The rapid production and approval for the use of the Covid-19 vaccine has attracted a lot of skepticism leading to hesitancy in taking the vaccine among many people globally, and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. Objective: This study aimed at determining the reasons behind the non-acceptance or outright refusal of the Covid-19 vaccine by the people of Ogbondoroko, a rural community in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed and 568 respondents were selected using multistage sampling. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Test of association was done using Chi-square at a significance level of P< 0.05 at a 95% confidence. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 48 ± 18.29 years and there was a female preponderance of 408 (71.9%). Majority of the respondents were married (82%); are mostly artisans and earn less than 50 US dollars per month. About half (49.0 %) of the respondents have no formal education. Most of the respondents 544 (95.8%) heard about the Covid-19 vaccine over the radio/television 260 (47.8%) and from health workers 233 (42.8%). Most of the respondents 481 (88.4%) were willing to receive the vaccine. Factors such as age, marital status, employment status, and income of the respondents were significantly associated with awareness of Covid-19 vaccine among them (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There was a high level of awareness and acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine amongst rural dwellers in the study area. The use of audience-targeted mass media should be upheld in the dissemination of health messages in the study area in order to continue to achieve the desired results.Item Knowledge and Pre-marital Haemoglobin Genotype Screening Practices of Religious Leaders in Ilorin Metropolis, North central Nigeria(2022-05-15) Ameen, Hafsat Abolore; Aibinuomo, OR; Abdulsalam, ST; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Alatishe-Muhammed, BW; Oladiji, FNigeria has a high prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Premarital genetic screening for Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) is a cost-effective means of curbing the menace. This study determined the knowledge and practices of religious leaders in the Ilorin metropolis towards pre-marital genotype determination. A descriptive cross-sectional study design and multistage sampling technique were used to select 271 respondents. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis. Results were presented in prose, tables, and frequency counts while the test of association between variables was done using Chi-square and Fischer's Exact test at a significance level of < 0.05 and confidence level of 95%. Less than half 93 (39.4%) of the respondents knew both parents contribute to a child acquiring SCD while up to 109 (40.2%) strongly agreed that SCD is serious and should be a hindrance to marriage. More than half of 160 (59.0%) respondents recommend pre-marital genotype counseling for intending couples and 156 (57.6%) had recommended pre-marital genotype screening for couples. Up to 165 (60.7%) of the respondents with a tertiary level of education practiced premarital screening of their congregants (p=0.004) and 127 (58.3%) of respondents with good knowledge of SCD also practiced pre-marital screening (p=0.001). Religious leaders in the study area have a considerably high level of knowledge of pre-marital genotype screening and demonstrated a moderate level of practice. Religious leaders in the study area could serve as advocates in awareness creation and community mobilization for pre-marital haemoglobin genotype screening.Item Knowledge of Non-nutritive Digit Sucking Among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Ilorin, Nigeria(2021-09) Bello, Sirajudeen O; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Saka, Aishat OBackground: The sucking habits of infants can be nutritive and non-nutritive sucking. Digit-sucking is normal in babies and young children, but sometimes it may persist into early childhood. Objective: To determine the burden, knowledge and belief of mothers/caregivers concerning digit sucking among under-five children. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving children under the age of 5 years attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, was conducted. The mothers of selected children were surveyed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of non-nutritive digit sucking was 45.8%. While 68 (43.9%) of these children sucked their digits, 3 (1.9%) sucked pacifiers. The thumb and two digits were the preferred digits (52.9%). Sucking was done while awake in 36 (52.9%) children while 32 (47.1%) sucked whether awake or sleeping. Most (60.3%) mothers have the wrong perception of digit sucking and had attempted to discourage it. Conclusions: The prevalence of non-nutritive and digit sucking was high in the population studied. Sucking occurs while awake and asleep, both day and night. Most mothers have the wrong perception of digit sucking and had attempted its stoppage.Item Knowledge of Oocyte Donation procedure and Health Consequences: a Cross-Sectional Survey of Female Undergraduates in North-Central Nigeria.(2022-05) Ameen, Hafsat Abolore; Olaitan, OL; Arimiyau, S; Musa, OA; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Abdulrahim, HA; Aderibigbe, SAEgg donation is a form of assisted reproductive technology used to help women with infertility. Though egg donation might attract some material benefit, potential egg donors often do not have knowledge of the associated health risks. This study investigated the knowledge of female undergraduates in Kwara State, north-central Nigeria, about oocyte donation to infertile couples. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 2018 involving 559 female undergraduates recruited through a multi-stage sampling technique. An adapted questionnaire validated and tested for reliability was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages were used to answer research questions and Chi-square was employed to test the hypotheses at a <0.05 level of significance. Majority of the respondents were 15-20 years old (66.3%, 371) unmarried (96.8%, 541), Muslims (60.5%, 338), Yoruba (82.8%, 463), first-year students (54.4%, 304). Most of the respondents had poor knowledge of oocyte donation (60.3%, 337); poor knowledge of oocyte donation procedure (69.9%, 391), and poor knowledge of the health risks associated with oocyte donation (65.5%, 366). The study revealed that female undergraduates in the study area have poor knowledge of oocyte donation, its procedure, and the attendant health consequences. Universities in the study area should include oocyte donation as a topic in General Studies (GNS) in order to equip students with adequate information on the potential benefits and drawbacks of oocyte donation.Item Knowledge of rotavirus gastroenteritis and its current preventive strategies in children, among healthcare providers in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria.(2020-05-30) Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Aderibigbe, Sunday A; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Fadeyi, AbayomiContext: Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children aged less than 5 years. Healthcare providers are responsible for implementing strategies for control of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Aims: To determine knowledge of healthcare providers regarding rotavirus gastroenteritis, its burden, management, and prevention. Materials and Methods: The study was a crosssectional descriptive survey of healthcare providers working in facilities caring for children. A selfadministered questionnaire was given to subjects containing questions on demographics and knowledge covering burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis, modes of transmission, age of occurrence, prevention, and rotavirus vaccines. Statistical analysis used: Data analysis was carried out with SPSS version 20. Results: Questionnaires were issued to 75 participants of which 65 (response rate = 86.7%) returned filled questionnaires. Majority (70.8%) of the subjects were females. Subjects included medical doctors (33.8%), nurses (32.3%), community health extension workers (27.7%), and laboratory scientists (4.6%). Most [39, 60.0%] subjects identified rotavirus as the commonest cause of diarrhea and only 21 (32.3%) indicated rotavirus contributed over 30% to the burden of diarrhea in these children. Fecooral route was recognized as a route of transmission by most subjects (95.4%) and 67.7% identified vaccination as a modality for prevention. Only six (9.2%) respondents could name any rotavirus vaccine. None of the demographic or occupational characteristics of the subjects was significantly related to awareness of effective rotavirus vaccines (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Healthcare providers were aware of rotavirus as a cause of gastroenteritis in underfive children but most had poor understanding regarding its burden, prevention, and existing vaccines.Item Laryngeal tuberculosis: a rare presentation in a Nigerian child with disseminated tuberculosis.(2019) Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Oladele, Damilola M; Mohammed, Salihu Sheni; Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Johnson, Abdul-Wahab BR; Omotosho, Abdulwasiu GTuberculosis (TB) remains a ravaging disease, particularly in the low-income countries, with a protean manifestation in children. Thus, a high index of suspicion is the key to clinching the diagnosis when presentation is in a rare form such as laryngeal TB. In this study, the case report of a 10‑year‑old female child with laryngeal TB in the setting of other typical clinical presentation associated with TB is highlighted.Item Nutritional status of primary school children in Ilorin-West LGA, Kwara State, Nigeria.(2021-07-28) Issa, Amdallah; Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Ibrahim, Olayinka R; Bello, Surajudeen O; Suberu, Habibat D; Sanusi, IbraheemBackground: A proper evaluation of cardiovascular status, with a view to ensuring early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction and prompt intervention where necessary, is a recognized approach in the management of asphyxiated neonates. Hence, we determined the levels of a cardiac biomarker (troponin I), its relationship with disease severity, and mortality in asphyxiated neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods: This was a descriptive study that involved 85 asphyxiated, term appropriate‑for‑gestational age newborn babies with HIE (subjects) and 85 healthy controls within the first 72 h of life. Asphyxiated neonates were classified into HIE stages using Sarnat and Sarnat staging. Blood samples were collected between 24 and 72 h of life to determine the level of troponin I using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. The asphyxiated babies were followed up till discharge or death. Results: The median interquartile range level of troponin I in the subjects was higher compared with the controls, 1.26 (0.97–3.16) ng/ml versus 0.79 (0.79–1.42) ng/ml, P < 0. 001. The levels of troponin I in HIE I, HIE II, and HIE III were 1.26 (1.00–2.37) ng/ml, 1.11 (0.86– 2.96) ng/ml, and 3.58 (1.34–5.58) ng/ml, respectively. Nonsurvivors had a higher cardiac troponin I (4.00 [2.30–6.34] ng/ml) compared with survivors (1.21 [0.95– 2.37] ng/ml), P = 0.015. Conclusion: Cardiac troponin I was significantly higher in asphyxiated subjects compared with healthy controls. Elevated troponin I was associated with higher mortality. Troponin I levels in the first 72 h can help as a prognostic indicator of HIE in term babies.Item Nutritional status of primary school children in Ilorin-West LGA, Kwara State, Nigeria.(2020-03) Olasinde, Yetunde T; Adesiyun, Omotayo O; Olaosebikan, Rasaq R; Olasinde, Adeola; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Popoola, G; Olayonu, D; Ernest, Samuel KBackground: Malnutrition in children remains a global health problem in developing countries including Nigeria. Nearly half of all under-five deaths in Africa and South-East Asia can be traceable to malnutrition. The nutritional status of primary school children in Ilorin-West Local Government Area of Kwara State is not known, therefore the study set out to determine this and its associated factors. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between February and May 2016 across 16 primary schools in Ilorin-West LGA. Four hundred and eighty school children aged 6-12 years were recruited into the study through a multi- stage sampling technique. Anthropometry was taken following standard procedures; weight was measured with a digital bathroom weighing scale (Camry, Model: EB9323H, China), while height was measured with a stadiometer (Seca Model: 213, USA). Anthropometric indices were determined. Data collected was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Tm version 20.0 for windows. Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting and obesity were 3.0%, 5.0%, 4.4% and 1.0%, respectively. Stunting was more prevalent among female pupils, pupils attending the public primary schools and children of mothers with no formal education, while obesity was more prevalent in the private primary schools. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity recorded in this study confirms the emerging concept of ‘the double burden of malnutrition,’ and poses a public health challenge to policy makers. It is recommended that community nutrition enlightenment campaigns be strengthened and possibly school meals be re-introduced to both private and public schools.Item PAI-1 and tPA as markers of severity among pre-eclamptics in a tertiary institution in north central Nigeria(2016) Oladosu-Olayiwola, Rashidat Oluwatosin; Olawumi, Hannah; Babatunde, Abiola S; Ijaiya, Munirdeen; Durotoye, Idayat; Biliaminu, Sikiru A; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Ogunfemi, Mutiat KObjectives: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia as well as increased production of some factors such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). These factors are said to be biomarkers of pre-eclampsia but their role in assessing the severity of pre-eclampsia is underreported. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 85 subjects with pre-eclampsia. They were classified clinically as having mild or severe pre-eclampsia using ACOG classification. Blood and urine samples were collected for determining tPA, PAI-1, D-dimer and proteinuria in the two groups. Clinical and laboratory values were compared using the IBM®SPSS 20.0 (2011) soft ware packages. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.9±5.2 years. Forty-five (52.9%) of the subjects had severe pre-eclampsia while 40(47.1%) had mild pre-eclampsia. The median values of tPA and PAI-1 of subjects with severe pre-eclampsia were significantly higher than the corresponding values in subjects with mild pre-eclampsia (each p=0.001). There was a positive correlation between each of the tPA and PAI-1 levels with the degree of severity of pre-eclampsia (p=0.001 each). Conclusion: Fibrinolytic proteins like tPA and PAI- 1 are useful in assessing the severity of preeclampsia.Item Reference values for the six-minute walk test in Nigerian adolescents aged 10 to 18 years.(2019-12-30) Abdulkadir, Mohammed B; Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Akintade, O; Suberu, Halima D; Issa, Amdallah; Alabi, KayodeObjective: To determine baseline six-minute walk distance in Nigerian adolescents and establish its relationship with age, gender and anthropometric parameters. Methods: One hundred and eighty healthy adolescents (10 – 18 years) were recruited from three schools. Six-minute walk test was conducted as described by the American Thoracic Society. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were related to achieve six-minute walk distance. A mathematical formula for predicting six-minute walk distance was generated. Results: The mean ± SD six-minute walk distance was 590.1 ± 72.02 m and was significantly longer in males (p= 0.001) among adolescents aged 10- 16 years. Age was the only characteristic significantly associated with six-minute walk distance following multiple linear regression analyses. The formulae, [six-minute walk distance = 317.3 + 21.5 x age (years) in males and 117 + 33.0 x age (years) in females] closely approximated to measured six-minute walk distance. Conclusion: This study has derived reference values for 6-minute walk test in adolescents; the use of these reference values should consider age and gender variations.Item Relationship between serum zinc levels and socio-demographic features in Nigerian children with acute lower respiratory infections.(2020-11) Ibraheem, Rasheedat M; Johnson, Abdul-Wahab BR; Gobir, Aisha A; Biliaminu, Sikiru A; Adedoyin, Olanrewaju TBackground: Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) are a major cause of Paediatric morbidity for which several risk factors have been identified. Among these factors are socio-demographic and nutritional factors including micronutrients such as zinc and Vitamin A. The current study was carried out in Ilorin, Nigeria to determine the relationship between serum zinc levels and some socio-demographic characteristics in children with ALRI. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving children aged two months up to 60 months with ALRI. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained via a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for determining the serum zinc level. The serum zinc was analyzed with a Jenway™ spectrophotometer after initial preparation with the QuantiChrom™ zinc assay kit. The data collected was analysed with SPSS 16 software package. Results: Of the 120 children recruited, 73(60.8%) were males and 47(39.2%) females. The mean (SD) age of the children with ALRI was 20.8(17.6) months. Nine (7.5%) children had bronchiolitis, 16(13.3%) had lobar pneumonia and 95(79.2%) bronchopneumonia. Children from monogamous families had mean (SD) serum zinc level of 19.6(12.2) µg/dl which was significantly higher than the corresponding value of 13.1(7.7) µg/dl recorded in those from polygamous homes, p=0.031. After a stepwise linear regression analysis, the family type remained significant with an F value of 4.244; p=0.042; 95%C.I.(-12.4 - -0.3). Conclusion: Children with ALRI from polygamous homes have low serum zinc levels. The family type is a predictor of serum zinc level in children with ALRI.