Browsing by Author "Ayinla M.T"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 26
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Amelioration of haematological alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula.(Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria, 2018) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu, M.T.; Bilamin, S.Objectives: This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula on some haematological parameters, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups (A-F). such that A was the control non-diabetic, B was the diabetic that received distilled water, C was the diabetic group treated with 2.5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide while animals in groups D-F were made diabetic and treated with different doses (28.57, 57.14 and 114.28 mg/kg body weight) of the extract for 28 days. Results: Packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and platelets count were decreased in diabetic untreated rats, but administration of the extract significantly increased (p<0.05) these values. Treatment with aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula also increased the resistance of erythrocytes to lysis as evidenced by the median mean corpuscular fragility (MCF50) of 0.72% in diabetic rats and 0.58%, 0.57% and 0.58% after administration of the extract. Similarly, treatment with aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula decreased the elevated Malondialdehyde level (p<0.05) of diabetic rats. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly in the extract-treated groups and these compared favourably with the control non-diabetic and glibenclamide-treated groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that the extract might improve the diabetic-induced disturbances of some haematological parameters by reducing lipid peroxide level and susceptibility of red blood cells to haemolysis.Item Ameliorative Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cola Acuminata on Mercury Chloride-induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rat(Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt, 2024) Ayinla M.T; Yakub Z. O.; Asuku A.O; Muzzamil S.S.Aim: The ameliorative effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Cola acuminata (ALECA) on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats was investigated. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats weighing 120e150 g were randomly divided into six groups; group I received 0.5 ml normal saline; group II received 5 mg/kg body weight HgCl2; group III received 5 mg/kg HgCl2 150 mg/kg body weight ALECA;group IVreceived 5 mg/kg HgCl2 300mg/kg ALECA;groupVreceived 5mg/kg HgCl250 mg/kgN-acetyl cysteine (NAC); and group VI: received 5 mg/kg HgCl2 500 mg/kg body weight vitamin C. The animals were treated for 21 days through the oral route. The rats were subjected to open field tests and forelimb grip tests on days 14 and 21. The animals were then killed and brain tissues were collected, homogenized, and centrifuged for measurement of biochemical parameters: tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide. Results: The data obtained from the forelimb grip test showed that muscular strength was higher in the group given ALECA,NAC,andvitamin Cwhencomparedwiththegroupgiven onlyHgCl2 (P˂0.05). The data from the open field test also showed that locomotory activity and exploratory behavior are higher while anxiety levels are lower in the group treated with ALECA, NAC, and vitamin C when compared with the HgCl2 group (P˂0.05). Also, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide are lower in the group treated with ALECA when compared with the HgCl2 group (P˂0.05). From the results, it was established that ALECA-treated groups compared favorably with the two reference drugs. Conclusions: These findings show the ameliorative effect of ALECA on mercury chloride induced neurotoxicity/ brain damage through modulation of inflammatory pathway. KeywItem Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C and N-Acetyl cysteine on Mercury chloride-induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats(Ibadan Biomedical Communication Group., 2024) Asuku, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Ajibare, A.O.; Saliu, S.B.; Ogungbangbe, G.O.; Abejide M.; Awoyale O.The present study investigated the ameliorative effects of Vitamin C (Vit. C) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into four, n=5. I: control, received 0.5mL normal saline, II: received HgCl2 alone (5mg/kg), III: received HgCl2 (5mg/kg) plus Vit. C (100 mg/kg), IV: received HgCl2 (5mg/kg) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (50mg/kg) for fourteen (14) days. All the drugs were administered orally. The rats were subjected to behavioural tests (Morris water maze, novel object recognition, light and dark box, fore limb grip strength and beam walking balance tests). The rats were then euthanized to obtain brain tissues for the determination of catalase activity, total protein and nitric oxide (NO) levels. The result revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the escape latency, beam walking latency, and footslip scores, and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the recognition ratio, exploration frequency, and drop-off time in the rats that were exposed to HgCl2 only. However, Vit. C and NAC reversed the observed behavioural deficits. Similarly, HgCl2 exposure caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the brain catalase and total protein, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in the NO level. Also, administration of Vit. C and NAC significantly (P<0.05) reversed the trend. This study concludes that Vit. C and NAC ameliorated HgCl2-induced neurotoxicity via attenuation of behavioural deficits and oxidative stressItem Androgenic Effects of Aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera in Male Wistar Rats(Published by School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua, New Guinea, 2022) Ayinla M.T; Muhammad, A.S.; Ayinde, T.O.; Ojulari, L.S.; Owoyele, B.V.; Asuku, A.O.; Adebisi, R.O.; Badmus, O.A.; Krishnamurthy, R.Androgenic effects of Aqueous Seed-extract of Moringa oleifera (ASMO) in male Wistar rats were investigated. Eighteen (18) male Wistar rats weighing 200-240g were used for this study. The rats were divided into three (3) groups: Control (Group 1) that received 10 ml/kg of normal saline, Group 2: received low dose of ASMO (200mg/kg), and Group 3: received high dose of ASMO (500mg/kg). The animals were treated for twenty-eight days. On the 29th day, the rats were sacrificed and the testes were carefully removed for semen and biochemical analysis. Body weight, reproductive and vital organ weights were determined. Sperm parameters (motility, morphology, count and viability), tissue testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase were also determined using standard methods. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan new multiple range post hoc test. The result showed ASMO significantly increased (p<0.05) the final body weight, weight of reproductive and vital organs. Moreover, 200mg/kg body weight dose of ASMO significantly increased (p<0.05) the sperm parameters but 500mg/kg body weight dose significantly decreased it. ASMO also caused a significant dose dependent increase (p<0.05) in testosterone and catalase level but a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MDA and LH level compared with the control. In conclusion, this study revealed that ASMO has androgenic effects in male rats and thus provides a basis for the traditional use of Moringa oleifera in the management of male sexual disorders.Item Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of Senna fistula leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2014) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu, M.T.Abstract: This study aims at evaluating the antidiabetic effect of chronic administration of agueous extract of Senna fistula leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty albino rats (110-140 g) were randomized into 6 groups (A-F) Animals in Group A was the non-diabetic control group, B was the diabetic that received distilled water, C was the diabetic animals treated with 2.5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide while animals in groups D, E and F were made diabetic and treated with different doses (28.57,57.14 and 114.28 mg/kg body weight) of the extract for 28 days. The results showed that the blood glucose level of diabetic rats were significantly and progressively reduced in the extract and glibenclamide treated animals when compared with the diabetic animals that received distilled water. The urine glucose and ketones which were detected in diabetic animals treated with distilled water disappeared in the extract treated animals comparable to the diabetic animals that received the reference drug.Also there was significant reduction in the postprandial blood glucose of diabetic treated animals when compared with diabetic animals that were administered distilled water throughout the exposure period. Furthermore, the level of albumin was normalized by the extract in a manner similar to those treated with glibenclamide. The significant increases in plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and urea in the diabetic animals that received distilled water were reverted back to their respective control values by the extract. The high density lipoprotein was significantly different in all the treated animals. It can therefore be concluded that the oral administration of aqueous extract of Senna fistula leaves possess antihyperglycemic activity and it is also effective in controlling some metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes.Item Antihyperglyceamic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats(School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu, M.T.; Biliamin, S.A.This study investigated antihyperglycemic effects of chronic administration of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Thirty rats were randomly assigned into six groups (A-F). Animals in group A were the control non-diabetic, in group B were diabetic and received distilled water, in group C were diabetic, treated with 2.5 mg/kg body weight of Glibenclamide, while animals in groups D, E and F were diabetic treated with 28.57, 57.14 and 114.28 mg/kg body weight respectively of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula for 28 days. At the end of 28 days blood samples were collected for the assay of Insulin, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione Peroxidase in serum and liver Glycogen. The result showed that the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats were significantly reduced in the extract and Glibenclamide treated animals when compared with diabetic rats that received distilled water. Similarly, there was a significant increase in serum Insulin level, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase activities and liver glycogen in the extract and Glibenclamide treated diabetic groups when compared with diabetic untreated group. The results indicated that oral administration of aqueous extract of Senna fistula has antihyperglycemic effect by stimulating Insulin secretion and activating antioxidant enzymes.Item Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cola Acuminata (Malvaceae) Modulates Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Scopolamine-induced Memory Impairment in Male Wistar Rats.(The Society for Experimental Biology of Nigeria,, 2022) Ayinla M.T; Asuku, A.O.; Bangwai, T. B.; Owoyele, B.V.This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cola acuminata (ALECA) on cholinergic neurotransmission in scopolamine-induced rat model of memory impairment. A total of thirty-five male Wistar rats (178 12.32 g) were allotted into 7 groups (I–VII) at random as follows: I: control, received 5ml/kg body weight (body wt) of distilled water, II: received scopolamine alone (3mg/kg body wt), III: received Donepezil (2mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), IV: received Cola acuminata (50mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), V: received Cola acuminata, (100mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), VI: received Cola acuminata (300mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), VII: received Cola acuminata (400mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt) for seven days. ALECA and distilled water were orally administered daily while scopolamine was injected intraperitoneally daily for seven days. Behavioural test were conducted using Morris water maze, light and dark box to assess learning and memory. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the brain was assayed using Ellman’s method. Scopolamine caused a significant impairment in memory through decreased probing frequency and increase in escape latency time (memory index) in Light and Dark Box and Morris Water Maze respectively. Treatment with different doses of ALECA prevented cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine through increased probing frequency and decrease in escape latency time. However, this effect is not dose dependent and it compares favourably with the donepezil group (reference drug) The mechanism of action of ALECA was also investigated through estimation of brain Acetylcholine esterase. We found that the brain’s acetylcholinesterase activity significantly increased in response to scopolamine. While a significant (p<0.05) decline in acetylcholinesterase activity was seen after treatment with ALECA., and this effect compares favourably with donepezil group. The effect of ALECA is also not dose dependent. This study concludes that ALECA treatment could improve memory function in scopolamine-induced model of dementia through the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity.Item Cola acuminata mitigates cognitive deficit and oxidative stress in mercury chloride-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats(The Neuroscience Society of Nigeria., 2023) Asuku, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Olajide, T. S.; Yakub, Z.; Owoyele, B.V.Cola acuminata is used in traditional medicine for the management of memory impairment and other neurodegenerative conditions. This study investigated the effects of Cola acuminata aqueous leaves extract (ALECA) on mercury chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 160 and 210 g were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5). The control group received 0.5 mL of distilled water; the mercury chloride (HgCl2) group received HgCl2 (5 mg/kg b.w.); the ALECA100 and ALECA300 groups received ALECA (100 and 300 mg/kg b.w., respectively), followed by the administration of HgCl2 (5 mg/kg b.w.) for two weeks. The rats were subjected to behavioural tests in the Morris water maze and light and dark field box. The rats were then sacrificed to obtain their brains, which were homogenized for biochemical assays of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein (TP), and glutathione (GSH) using standard methods. The results revealed a significant increase in escape latency, a significant decrease in probing frequency and brain GSH, and a significant (p<0.05) increase in brain MDA and TP levels and AChE activity in the rats exposed to HgCl2. However, administration of either 100 or 300 mg/kg ALECA protected against memory impairment with a significantly reduced escape latency, increased probing frequency and brain GSH, and decreased (p<0.05) MDA, TP and AChE. This study concludes that ALECA mitigated HgCl2- induced neurotoxicity via reduction of oxidative stress and enhanced cholinergic functions.Item Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Senna fistula on some Haematological parameters, lipid profile and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2015) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu M.T.Summary: Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes mellitus. The disease is also known to adversely affect some haematological parameters and cause dyslipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the effectof chronic administration of ethanolic leave extract of Senna fistula on haematological values, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in experimental diabetic rats. Twenty-four albino rats weighing 120-150 g were divided into 4 experimental groups of six ratseach; control, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with glibenclamide and diabetic treated with 100 mg/kg b.w of Senna fistula. Diabetes was inducedby 100 mg/kg b.w. of alloxan monohydrates. The control and diabetic groups received normal saline while the diabetic treated groups were administered with 5mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide and ethanolic leaves extract of Senna fistula respectively for 28 days. At the end of experimental period blood samples were taken from the animals for the determination of Red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), marker of lipid peroxidation. The result showed that in diabetic rats, PCV, RBC and Hb were decreased but the application of the extract increased the parameters (P<0.05, n=6). Similarly,the result showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, TG and LDL level of the diabetic group when compared with the control, glibenclamide and extract treated diabetic groups, however, there was no significant difference in HDL level in all the groups. The result also showed a significant decrease inelevated MDA (P<0.05, n=6) of diabetic treated rats. These findings suggest that ethanolic leaves extractof Senna fistula might improvethe diabetic induced disturbances of some haematological parameters, reduces the plasma lipid imbalances and decreases the production of free radicals associated with diabetes.Item Effect of Ethylacetate leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia on Memory in Scopolamine-induced Dementia Rats(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Uthman, Y.; Bayo-Olugbami, A.; Oyewole, A.L.; Owoyele, B.V.Lipid peroxidation, reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activities and increased DNA damage resulting from generation of free radicals, consequently leading to oxidative stress, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the widely reported anti-oxidative properties of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC), this study evaluated the effects of ethylacetate leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (ELEOG), Momordica charantia (ELEMC) or both ELEOG/MC in scopolamine-induced dementia in rat model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 110-120g were randomly distributed into five groups: Control (5ml/kg DMSO, p.o), Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.); while the test groups were pretreated orally with ELEOG (400 mg/kg), ELEMC (400 mg/kg), and a combination of ELEOG/MC (400 mg/kg each) daily for 15 consecutive days. Amnesia was induced in all groups except the control by a single injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 15th day following which the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess short-term spatial memory function. Also, biochemical characterization of the brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were made. Scopolamine-treated rats with no intervention showed impaired learning and memory, as depicted by increase in escape latency, increased MDA, and decreased GSH level. Intervention with ELEOG, ELEMC or combine form ELEOG/MC decreased the escape latency, reduced MDA level and increased GSH level. These findings show the neuroprotective efficacy of OG and MC, especially the combined form in attenuating cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced dementia by modulating the oxidative stress pathway.Item Effects of n-Hexane Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia Leaves on Learning and Memory in Scopolamine-induced Rat Model of Dementia(Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Fajemidagba, G.A.; Oyewole, A.L.Objective: Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are being used to improve memory in people with dementia, but adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs coupled with cost have limited their use, hence the need to explore options in medicinal plants for the treatment of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the memory restorative effects of n-hexane extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC) in scopolamine-induced dementia in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six treatment groups as follows: Control, Scopolamine only (1 mg/kg b.w), Donepezil (2 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w), OG (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w), MC (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w) and co-administration of OG and MC (400 mg/kg b.w each) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w). The animals were treated for 15 days. Morris water maze, light and dark box test were conducted to evaluate learning and memory. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities were also assessed using thiobarbituric acid procedure and Ellman method respectively. Results: The result showed a significant reduction in escape latency, MDA level, AchE activity and a significant increase in the probing frequency in OG + scopolamine; MC + scopolamine and OG, MC + scopolamine treated groups when compared to the scopolamine only group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the escape latency, MDA, AchE activity and probing frequency between the extracts treated groups and donepenzil group. Conclusion: The study concludes that n-hexane leaves extracts of OG and MC have the ability to restore memory impairment induced by scopolamine.Item Effects of Nigella sativa aqueous extract on some haematological parameters, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility changes in alloxan induced diabetic rats(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Ayinla M.T; Soladoye, A.O.; Olayaki, L.A.; Suleiman, S.O.This study was designed to investigate the effect of extracts of Nigella sativa on some haematological values, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighteen albino rats were divided into 3 experimental groups of six rats each; control, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with aqueous extract of Nigella sativa. At the end of experimental period (Four weeks) animals in all the groups were fasted for 12 hours and blood samples were taken for the determination of red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb). In addition Malondialdehyde (MDA, marker of lipid peroxidation) and erythrocytes osmotic fragility test were carried out. In diabetic untreated rats, the PCV, RBC, Hb. were decreased, but application of the extract significantly increased the values (P<0.05, n=6). Similarly, treatment with aqueous extract of Nigella sativa decreased the elevated Malondialdehyde level (P<0.05, n=6) of diabetic rats. The results also showed that Nigella sativa extract significantly reduced the MCF50 from 0.68% to 0.50% (P<0.05 n=6). These findings suggest that Nigella sativa extract might improve the diabetic-induced disturbances of some haematological parameters by decreasing the elevated lipid peroxides and susceptibility of red blood cell to haemolysis.Item Gastro-protective Effects of Honey in Male Wistar Rats(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2021) Owoyele, B.V.; Ayinla M.T; , Esan, A.A.; Bayo-Olugbami, A.Honey is consumed as food and also used in the treatments of ailment. However, honey of various types exhibit varying properties. Their therapeutic effects are determined by whether the honey is multifloral or monofloral, and also on the variety of nectars the honey is derived from. Manuka and Tualang types of honey were observed to possess anti-ulcer effects. However, no such report is available for University of Ilorin honey. This study therefore aimed to determine the gastroprotective effects of University of Ilorin honey in Wistar rats using two laboratory models for inducing ulcer (HCl/Ethanol and Indomethacin). Twenty rats each were assigned to four groups for each model of ulcer. The rats were treated for 12 days with the administration of distilled water (control), cimetidine (100 mg/kg b.w.) and University of Ilorin honey (250 mg/kg b.w. in one group and 1000 mg/kg b.w in another group). The rats were fasted for 24 hours after the last treatment. Then, the ulcerogens were given orally. After four hours, the rats were sacrificed, gastric juice was collected and the stomachs were examined for ulceration. The results revealed that pre-treatment with University of Ilorin honey reduced gastric index from 6.80±0.20 (1000 mg/kg b.w. to 2.40±0.24 (control) P<0.05 and 7.20±0.37 (1000 mg/kg b.w.) to 3.20±0.37 (control) P<0.05 in HCl/Ethanol and indomethacin induced ulcer models respectively. There was no significant difference in ulcer index between the cimetidine administered rats and the honey administered group (1000 mg/kg bw.), but the honey group (250 mg/kg bw.) was less effective than the cimetidine group in the models used. Also, there were no changes in gastric acidity in all the groups compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results showed that University of Ilorin honey has protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract which is not due to alteration of gastric acidity.Item Glucose absorption in the intestine of albino rats.(De Gruyter., 2016) Olalubi A.O.; Owoyele, B.V.; Ayinla M.T; Akintunde J.K.Background: The ability to absorb substances from the external environment is one of the features that make animals different from inanimate objects. In mammalian species, this quality is mainly the role of the small intestine. The process of absorption mainly takes place in the small intestine. This study was carried out to investigate the rate of glucose absorption in the intestine of albino rats and the effect of calcium and ouabain on the rate of glucose absorption. Methods: Albino rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were used for this experiment. Guts were isolated and cut to segments. Test solution was injected into each of the isolated segments, which were then assayed for glucose. Results: The result revealed that the rate of glucose absorption in the intestine of albino rats were found to be 3.02×10−1 g/min at the mucosa-to-serosa surface and 3.00×10−1 g/min at the serosa-to-mucosa surface, indicating that glucose was absorbed at both surfaces and that the rate of glucose absorption was higher in the mucosa-to-serosa direction than in the opposite direction. The rate of intestinal glucose absorption at different regions of the intestine and the effect of varying concentrations of calcium on the rate of glucose absorption revealed that glucose absorption was highest at the duodenum and lowest at the ileum. Conclusions: Ouabain blocked the rate of absorption of glucose in the intestine of albino rats.Item Impact of Sleep Quality in Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study(African Association of Physiological Sciences, 2023) Ayinla G.A.; Ayinmode B.A.; Kuranga I.S.; Okesina K.B.; Uthman Y.A.; Ayinla M.TBackground: Inadequate sleep is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and has a negative impact on glycaemic management. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between sleep quality and glucose control in individuals with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Medicine Clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Three hundred and seventy-eight participants took part in the research (103 men and 275 women). Questionnaires were used to compile the data, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was included. Diabetic indicators were gathered using a combination of a thorough medical history assessment and a battery of diagnostic testing. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 20.0. Results: The median age of the respondents was 61.01 (S.D. ± 9.8) years. Seventy-four percent (74%) of people reported having poor sleep quality, 45.5% had poorly controlled diabetes, and 29.9% were obese. Inadequate sleep or poor sleep quality was shown to be statistically linked with poor glycaemic management (p= 0.0001). There were significant associations between glycaemic management and subjective sleep quality (OR 1.495, 95% C.I 1.039-2.152), sleep disturbances (OR 0.279, 95% C.I 0.122-0.636), and daytime dysfunction (OR 3.571, 95% C.I 2.253-5.662). Conclusion: This research shows that poor glycaemic management is linked to poor sleep quality in people with T2DM.Item Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 averts Free Fatty acids deposition in the hearts of oral estrogen-progestin contraceptive-induced hyperinsulinemic female rats.(Canadian Science Publishing., 2021) Adegoke, T.E.; Sabinari, I.W.; Areola, E.D.; Ajao, F.O.; Asafa, O.O.; Soluoku, T.K.; Bello, A.; Adesanmi, A.M.; Yusuf, S.O.; Omoleye, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Olatunji, L.A.Free fatty acid (FFA) deposition in non-adipose tissues such as the heart is a characteristic of insulin resistant states which feature hyperinsulinemia and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activation. Estrogen–progestin oral contraceptives (OC) treatment reportedly increased DPP-4 activity in rat tissue, and DPP-4 inhibitors have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cardiac FFA deposition in estrogen–progestin-treated female rats. From our data, estrogen–progestin OC exposure in female rats led to elevated plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase/uric acid pathway (ADA/XO/UA), lipid peroxidation, glycogen synthase activity, and alanine phosphatase; whereas cardiac glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na+/K+-ATPase and nitric oxide (NO) were decreased. However, DPP-4 inhibition resulted in decreased plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA, TG, TG/HDL-C ratio, and alkaline phosphatase. These were accompanied by reduced ADA/XO/UA pathway, lipid peroxidation, and augmented NO and Na+/K+-ATPase in estrogen–progestin OC-treated rats. DPP-4 inhibition attenuated cardiac lipid deposition accompanied by reduced activity in the ADA/XO/UA pathway in estrogen–progestin OC-treated female rats. DPP-4 is therefore a plausible therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders.Item Melatonin and Vitamin C modulate cholinergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress in scopolamine-induced rat model of dementia(African Association of Physiological Sciences, 2020) Ayinla M.T; Asuku, A.O.; Bayo-olugbami, A.; Ayeni, O.A.; Abiola, A.A.; Owoyele, B.V.Background: Cognitive dysfunction which characterizes dementia is reportedly caused by multiple factors including oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, inflammation, alteration in synaptic neurotransmission. Despite the arrays of drugs available in managing dementia, it appears no single drug can effectively treat dementia. Since it is multifactorial, combining potential drugs may provide neuroprotective impact. As such, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and vitamin C on scopolamine model of cognitive impairment in rats and the possible mechanism of action. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided to receive either normal saline (5 ml/kg, p.o), scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), donepezil (2 mg/kg, p.o), melatonin (10 mg/kg, p.o), vitamin C (100 mg/kg. p.o) or melatonin plus vitamin C. Cognitive impairment was induced by daily injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), after which different treatment regimen were administered for 15 days. Spatial memory was assessed using Morris Water Maze and modified light and dark box. The brain was processed for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. Results: Scopolamine-treated rats with no intervention showed impaired learning and memory as depicted by a significant (p<0.05) increase in escape latency, reduction in the frequency of visit to the escape aperture, increased MDA, decreased GSH and elevated acetylcholinesterase activity when compared to other groups. Interventions with melatonin or/and vitamin C reversed these responses respectively. The melatonin plus vitamin C treated group compared favorably with donepezil (reference group). Conclusion: Melatonin and vitamin C show neuroprotective effect in attenuating cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced model by modulating oxidative stress pathway and enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission.Item Mercury chloride causes cognitive impairment, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats. The potential protective effect of 6-gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale via regulation of antioxidant defence system and reversal of pro-inflammatory markers increase.(Elsevier, 2024) Asuku, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Ajibare, A.J.; Olajide T.S.This study investigated the effects of 6-gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale (6-GIRIFZO) on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty -five male Wistar rats weighing between (150–200 g) were divided randomly into five groups (n = 7): group 1: control, received 0.5 mL of normal saline, group 2: received HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 3: received N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (50 mg/kg) as well as HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 4: received 6-GIRIFZO (100 mg/kg) and HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 5: had 6-GIRIFZO (200 mg/kg) and HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), consecutively for 14 days. On the day14, the rats were subjected to behavioural tests using a Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. The rats were then euthanized to obtain brain samples for the determination of biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase (AchE), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) using standard methods. The result revealed a significant increase in escape latency and a significant decrease in recognition ratio in the rats that were exposed to HgCl2 only. However, 6-GIRIFZO produced a significant reduction in the escape latency and (p < 0.05) increase in the recognition ratio. Similarly, HgCl2 exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the brain SOD, GPx, CAT, GSH with increased brain levels of MDA, NO, AchE, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6. Similarly to the standard drug, NAC, 6-GIRIFZO (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased brain SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH levels with decreased concentrations of MDA, NO, AchE, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6. Also, pre-treatment with 6-GIRIFZO prevented the HgCl2-induced morphological aberrations in the rats. This study concludes that 6-GIRIFZO prevents HgCl2-induced cognitive deficit via reduction of brain inflammation as well as oxidative stress in rats.Item Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders: An Evidence-Based Approach to Understanding the Diet-Brain Connection(Springer Nature, Singapore, 2024) Asuku, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Ajibare, A.J.Human eating habit is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS), a process that involves a plethora of molecular associations with numerous tissues, neurotransmitters, neural circuits, and hormones. It is governed by the hedonic and homeostatic systems interaction. Hedonic control is orchestrated through conscious and unconscious reward systems, whereas homeostatic control is governed by food- craving signals from the adipocytes, gut, as well as the vagus nerve. On the one hand, the CNS receives powerful food-related feedback via perception of texture, smell, sight, and taste, which in turn affects brain regions involved in reward pro- duced by feeding. Contrariwise, the nutrients essential in relatively large amounts for growth and health makeup increase the gut’s release of the hunger signal, which the central nervous system translates into unconsciously rewarding activities. This review considers how physiological impulses from the adipocytes, gastrointestinal tracts, and many more engage sets of interacting neural networks spread throughout the brain to bring about the complex motor occurrences that cause animals to eat in order to address the eating and brain functions by the central nervous system. Eating · Brain · Food · Central nervous system · Homeostatic system · Hedonic systemItem Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders: An Evidence-Based Approach to Understanding the Diet-Brain Connection(Springer Nature, Singapore, 2024) Asuku, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Ajibare, A.J.Abstract In nutrition research, mood is frequently measured, typically using rating scales. Positive mood encourages consumption, so it’s crucial to evaluate mood accurately. There is mounting proof that mood is influenced by nutritional elements such as high and less essential nutrients, such as vegetables, fruits, supplements, and eating habits. The purpose of this review is to take into account a variety of conven- tional and cutting-edge instruments for evaluating mood in relation to diet. We examine questionnaires that have been psychometrically validated to evaluate both specific moods (such as depression) and a variety of emotions (such as melancholy, anxiety, anger, and energy). We examine questionnaires that assess positive mood (such as vitality, happiness, and calmness), and we recommend that investigators should broaden their toolbox to encompass a wider scope of healthy indicators, such as gladness, eudaimonia, and satisfactory living, which is a good mood linked to meaning, engagement and purpose. The cutting-edge technological and method- ological aspects of real-time mood assessments were examined using experience sampling techniques, daily diaries, as well as ecological momentary evaluation, which are suitable for measuring moods as they happen on a daily or momentary basis, for instance, via smartphones’ use. We conclude by urging the incorporation of more cutting-edge platforms, with a focus on a variety of ambulatory techniques and sampling tactics. Real-time evaluation will continue to provide a scientifically sound method of evaluating the relationship between mood and food as it manifests in day-to-day living, opening our eyes to new possibilities.