Effect of Ethylacetate leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia on Memory in Scopolamine-induced Dementia Rats
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation, reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activities and increased DNA damage resulting from generation of free radicals, consequently leading to oxidative stress, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the widely reported anti-oxidative properties of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC), this study evaluated the effects of ethylacetate leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (ELEOG), Momordica charantia (ELEMC) or both ELEOG/MC in scopolamine-induced dementia in rat model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 110-120g were randomly distributed into five groups: Control (5ml/kg DMSO, p.o), Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.); while the test groups were pretreated orally with ELEOG (400 mg/kg), ELEMC (400 mg/kg), and a combination of ELEOG/MC (400 mg/kg each) daily for 15 consecutive days. Amnesia was induced in all groups except the control by a single injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 15th day following which the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess short-term spatial memory function. Also, biochemical characterization of the brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were made. Scopolamine-treated rats with no intervention showed impaired learning and memory, as depicted by increase in escape latency, increased MDA, and decreased GSH level. Intervention with ELEOG, ELEMC or combine form ELEOG/MC decreased the escape latency, reduced MDA level and increased GSH level. These findings show the neuroprotective efficacy of OG and MC, especially the combined form in attenuating cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced dementia by modulating the oxidative stress pathway.
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Keywords
Amnesia, Ethyl acetate, Momordica charantia, Ocimum gratissimum, Oxidative stress Scopolamine.
Citation
Ayinla, M.T., Uthman, Y., Bayo-Olugbami, A., Oyewole, A.L. & Owoyele, B.V. (2019). Effect of Ethylacetate leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia on Memory in Scopolamine-induced Dementia Rats. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 34(1 & 2): 7-16, Published by Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Available online at http://www.nsbmb.org/