Browsing by Author "Aliyu, A."
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Item A Computational Approach for The Use of Phytocompounds as a Drug Candidate Against Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae(ILORIN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 2024) Aliyu, A.; David, S. M.; Olufadi Ahmed, H. Y.; Aroyehun, M. A.; Ibrahim, A.; Mohammed, N; Olowo-okere, A.Item Bacteriological Quality of Locally Fermented Milk (Nono) and Commercial Yoghurts Marketted in Ilorin(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016) Shittu, A.O.; David, M.S.; Aliyu, A.; Bello, R.H.; Olajide, R.O.Item Bacteriology of Some Liquid Herbal Products Sold in Ilorin Kwara State Nigeria(Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia, University of Benin Branch, Benin City, Nigeria, 2019) Aliyu, A.; Bello, R.H; David, M.S; Olutayo, A.O.; Abdulrazaaq, K. O; Olufadi – Ahmed, H. Y.; Salami, O.T; Lawal B. A.; Akerele J. O.Purpose: This study aims to establish the safety and/or potential public health dangers associated with the consumption of liquid herbal preparations (LHP) sold in Ilorin-Kwara State. Methods: Ten LHPs were randomly collected from three locations, kept under cold chain and transported to the Laboratory. All samples were evaluated for bacterial load using aerobic plate count method and bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, Gram negative bacteria were identified using 12A Microbact ® Identification kits. Results: Sixty percent (60%) were fresh and faint, 4 (40%) were stale and putrid in smell as well as free of foreign matter. pH and bacterial load of samples ranged from 3.60 to 9.75 and 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL respectively. Five (5) genera of bacteria, namely; Klebsiella species 10 (29.41%), Bacillus subtilis 8 (23.53%), Enterobcter spps. 7 (20.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 6 (17.65%) and Serretia marcescens 3(8.82%) were isolated from these LHPs. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim combination. Amoxocillin clavulanate was active against 62.50% of K. pneumonia and S. marcescens isolates. Also 50% of K. oxytoca and E. gergoviae were susceptible to Amoxocillin clavulanate combination. Approximately, 8 (80%) of LHPs had bacterial load of 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL and 2 (20%) yielded no growth. In addition, 40% of LHPs had bacterial load of 106 CFU/mL beyond the 104 CFU/mL permissible limit stated by European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: The observed high bacterial load and the presence of S. aureus as well as enteric bacteria of public health importance in these LHPs underscore the potential risk inherent in the consumption of these preparations. Therefore, public health awareness campaign on the dangers of unapproved LHPs consumption should be instituted.Item Demographic characteristics and susceptibility profiles of Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli isolates from urine samples of asymptomatic pregnant women within Ilorin metropolis(ILORIN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 2024) David, S. M.; Aliyu, A.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y.; Otitodun, M.I; Olalekan, A.G.; Muhammad, O.A.; Raheem, O.S.; Adah, D.E; Eniayewu, O.I.Item Growth inhibitory properties and antimicrobial evaluation of Aloe schweinfurthii (Baker) leaf rind extract(African Journals Online, 2020) Salawu, K.M.; Oyerinde, A.A.; Aliyu, A.; Obajemihi O. ICancer and infectious diseases combined are leading cause of death and public health concern. In developing countries, about 80% of the populace depends on medicinal plants for their general health care needs including treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Aloe schweinfurthii (Aloaceae) is a small medicinal herb that is commonly used for the treatment of cancerous and infectious diseases in South-West Nigeria. The focus of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the herb. The rind of the herb was collected, air dried, pulverized and extracted into distilled methanol by cold maceration. The dried extract obtained was subjected to growth inhibitory and antimicrobial assays. The extract displayed concentration dependent growth inhibitory activity with IC50 of 484.7±2.16 and 1188±2.32µg/mL compared to cyclophosphamide with IC50 of 174.3±0.19 and 834.5±0.84 µg/mL in Sorghum bicolor radical and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays, respectively. The extract displayed concentration dependent antibacterial and antifungal effects with the highest activity against C. freundi (18 mm zone of inhibition) at 50 mg/mL. The extract of Aloe schweinfurthii leaf rind displayed marked growth inhibitory and antimicrobial bioactivities. The extract maybe considered as a viable candidate for discovery of chemotherapeutic agent (s).Item Growth Inhibitory Properties and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Aloe schweinfurthii (Baker)(Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, 2020) Salawu, K.M.; Oyerinde, A.A.; Aliyu, A.; Obajemihi, O.I.Cancer and infectious diseases combined are leading cause of death and public health concern. In developing countries, about 80% of the populace depends on medicinal plants for their general health care needs including treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Aloe schweinfurthii (Aloaceae) is a small medicinal herb that is commonly used for the treatment of cancerous and infectious diseases in South-West Nigeria. The focus of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the herb. The rind of the herb was collected, air dried, pulverized and extracted into distilled methanol by cold maceration. The dried extract obtained was subjected to growth inhibitory and antimicrobial assays. The extract displayed concentration dependent growth inhibitory activity with IC50 of 484.7±2.16 and 1188±2.32µg/mL compared to cyclophosphamide with IC50 of 174.3±0.19 and 834.5±0.84 µg/mL in Sorghum bicolor radical and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays, respectively. The extract displayed concentration dependent antibacterial and antifungal effects with the highest activity against C. freundi (18 mm zone of inhibition) at 50 mg/mL. The extract of Aloe schweinfurthii leaf rind displayed marked growth inhibitory and antimicrobial bioactivities. The extract maybe considered as a viable candidate for discovery of chemotherapeutic agent (s).Item Molecular characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from pregnant women with Urinary Tract Infections attending Ante–natal Clinics in Ilorin metropolis(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., 2021) Bello, R H; Ibrahim, Y. K . E; Olayinka, B. O; Jimoh, A. A. G; Afolabi-Balogun, N. B; Oni-Babatunde, A. O; Olabode, H. O. K; David, M. S; Aliyu, A.; Olufadi – Ahmed, H.YBackground: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related complications. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes. Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant. Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.Item Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Stem Extracts of Pseudocedrela kotschyi(Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya, 2022) Shittu, A.O.; Njinga, N.S.; Aliyu, A.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Bello, K.M.; Olokede, V.J.Introduction: Secondary plant metabolites found in medicinal plants have been known to have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms including orodental, respiratory and urinary pathogens. Aim: The aim of this research was to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanol stem extracts of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Pk), a plant of use in folklore medicine, against dental and other community acquired infections caused by pathogens, so as to validate some of its therapeutic claims. Methodology: The plant metabolites were extracted (cold maceration method) using distilled water and 70 % ethanol for aqueous and ethanol extract respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the extracts to determine various secondary metabolites. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and colorimetric aluminium chloride method respectively. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was assayed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl¬hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: Both the aqueous and ethanol extract were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, phenols and tannins. The flavonoid and phenolic contents in both aqueous and ethanol stem extracts of Pk was found to be 0.099 ± 0.01 and 0.399±0.0 mg/mL quercetin equivalent and 0.48±0.00 and 1.38±0.01mg/g gallic acid equivalent respectively. The zones of inhibition were found to be from 3-20mm and 4-18mm for the ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The standards cultures were highly susceptible to the two extracts while the clinical isolates were mostly resistant. The DPPH and percentage ABTS•+ scavenging activity was found to be highest at 0.0312 and 0.0625 mg/mL, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL for the aqueous and ethanol extract respectively. The percentage FRAP activity was highest at 0.50 mg/mL for both extracts. Conclusion: This research confirms the presence of phytochemicals responsible for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against orodental, respiratory and urinary pathogens. It was found that ethanol extract of Pk inhibited 80% of the pure isolates of bacterial strains under investigation while the aqueous extract inhibited less than 70% of the same organisms.Item Plasmid Profile of Multidrug Resistant Isolates from Water and Fish.(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Development & Practice, 2018-12) Aliyu, A.; Ibrahim, Y.K.E; Oyi, A. R; David, M. S; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y; Bello, R.HPlasmids are extrachromosomal genetic material that can replicate independently and usually harbour antibiotic resistance genes. This study evaluated the presence and sizes of plasmid from multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) isolates from water and fish using acridine orange as a plasmid curing agent. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acridine orange to the 22 MAR ranged between 0.625 – 5.0 mg/mL. Majority (86.4 %) of the MAR isolates lost their resistant and became susceptible to more antibiotics indicating that their resistance was plasmid encoded. As much as 68.4 % of the isolates had one or more plasmid bands with sizes varying from 1.0 -3.0 kbp. The presence of plasmids - carrying MAR isolates in fish and river may heighten the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to the environment which will pose a serious threat to the human health.