Browsing by Author "AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI"
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Item Assessment of physico-mechanical properties of clay deposits in Asa Local Government Area of Kwara State Nigeria for industrial applications(Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019-01-17) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Ibrahim, H. K; Ajao, K. S; Elakhame, Z. U; Aremu, I. N; Odeniyi, M. OAdequate information about the properties of most available clay materials in Nigeria is necessary to enhance their industrial applications. Availability of this information will adversely reduce importation of refractory materials and its products into the country, since the mineral resources are abundantly available in the country. This study evaluated the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of some selected clay deposits across the three districts of Asa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State to ascertain their suitability for refractory and other industrial applications. The results revealed that the clay samples were mainly alumina-silica based with silica and alumina concentrations of 47.30 – 58.50% and 32.75 – 34.30% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties exhibited by the clay samples included: clay content (33.80-72.20%), linear shrinkage (6.10-9.80%), moisture content (21.00-33.00%), bulk density (1.99 - 2.87 g/cm3), apparent porosity (21.00-37.00%), permeability (73-94), compressive strength (213-840 N/mm2), thermal shock resistance (+29 cycles), specific gravity (2.18-2.52) and refractoriness (>1300oC). The properties were within the required standard values which make the clays suitable for insulating materials, refractories for low-medium thermal applications and manufacturing of ceramics. Though, Afon, Bakase and Ballah clay samples may require the addition of organic matter to enhance the clays’ suitability for applications that may require a higher value of porosity and permeability and low density. Effective utilization of Asa L.G.A. clays will help to domesticate the production of refractory products and enhance the establishment of Small and Medium Scale Foundry Enterprises in Nigeria in addressing the problem of unemploymentItem Characterization of Baruten Local Government Area of Kwara State (Nigeria) fireclays as suitable refractory materials(Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2018-04-10) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Yaru, S. S; Abdulkareem, S; Busari, Y. O; Ajao, K. S; Mohammed, G. AStudies have shown that adequate attention needs to be paid on processing of solid minerals that are potentially available in Nigeria to address its economic problem. Clays from five major towns in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria were examined using ASTM guidelines to determine their suitability for refractory applications. The clay samples were classified as Alumino-Silicate refractories due to high values of Al2O3 and SiO2. The results showed apparent porosity (19.4-25.6%), bulk density (1.83-1.90 g/cm3), cold crushing strength (38.7-56.1 N/mm2), linear shrinkage (4.4 – 9.3%), clay contents (52.71-67.83%), moisture content (17.0-23.6%), permeability (68-82 cmsec-1), plasticity (16.7-30.4%), refractoriness (>1300oC) and Thermal Shock Resistance (23-25 cycles) for the clay samples, which were measurable with the established standards for fireclays, refractory clays/brick lining or alumina-silicates and kaolin. Hence, the natural clays could suitably replace imported clays in some refractory applications. Appropriate use of information from this study would improve Nigeria’s industrialization and economic diversification.Item Characterization of Belle natural moulding sand for foundry applications(Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019-01-13) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Nafiu, M. B; Ajao, K. S; Elakhame, Z. U; Busari, Y. O; Hassan, H. K; Aremu, N. IThere exists vast availability of natural sands which may be suitable for foundry applications in different locations Kwara State in particular and generally in Nigeria. The sands need to be identified and characterised for productive and profitable foundry practices. In this study, assessment of chemical and physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand in Belle community of Kwara State, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain its suitability for foundry applications. The analysis of the sand samples’ Chemical compositions were done using an XRF Analyser, while American foundry-men Society, ASTM and British standards laboratory tests procedures were adopted appropriately to determine the sand’s physico-mechanical properties. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that SiO2 have dominance proportion in the sand sample with an average value of 92.90 %, followed by Al2O3 (5.13%). CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, Na2O, ZnO and MnO were present within acceptable limits as trace elements. The results showed average physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand sample to include grain fineness number (126), bulk density (1765 Kg/m3), moisture contents (7.66%), specific gravity (2.64), permeability (0.1cm/s), green compressive strength (51KN/m2), dry compressive strength (209KN/m2), flowability (65.22%), clay content (10%) shatter index (76%) and refractoriness (>900oC), which were within the required standards for casting of non-ferrous metal. Thus, Belle sand was found suitable for casting of non-ferrous metals. Though, there may be a need for the use of additives like bentonite, to enhance the sand’s clay content in order to increase the sand potential for foundry applications.Item Development and Evaluation of ceramic tiles using wastes and solid mineralsDevelopment and Evaluation of ceramic tiles using wastes and solid minerals(College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, (Western Asia), 2019-04-23) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Elakhame, Z. U; Shuaib-Babata, Y. LThe study focuses on the need for domesticating the production of building materials like tiles to address the problem of Nigeria over dependent on imported goods, despite adequate availability of mineral resources like clay, quartz and feldspar in the country. Clay, quartz and feldspar, and milled glass was respectively obtained from Ogijo in Ogun State, Okpila in Edo State and Oshodi, Lagos State of Nigeria were characterized using ASTM C71 as a guide. Samples of the ceramic tile were produced from varying mixtures of clay, quartz, feldspar and milled glass. The chemical and physio-mechanical properties of the samples were also determined. The results showed that the clay sample belong to Alumino-silicate group with 59.20% silica and 21.25% alumina. The samples’ properties met the required standards; hence, the materials were found suitable for production of ceramic tiles of acceptable standards. Though, the porosity of the sample tiles increased as the percentage weight of the clay material in the mixed decreased and proportion of quartz, feldspar and milled glass increased. Sample containing 70% Clay & 30% Feldspar had better formulation properties than others.Item Development of abrasive sandpaper grains from agro-waste material for polishing of wood surface(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria., 2019-02-10) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Ibrahim, H. K; Abdulhamid, A. S; Abdulkareem, S; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Popoola, O. T; Kareem, A. G; Adeyi, A. M; Busari, O. YIn Nigeria, natural and some synthetic abrasive grains used in manufacturing of sandpaper such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate mineral are scarce and expensive. The aim of this paper focused on development of sandpaper grains from agricultural waste material (Coconut shell) and resin (binder) for smoothening of wood surface. Sieving analysis was conducted in particle sizes of P40 (420 μm) and P60 (250 μm) sandpaper grit size (according to Federation of European Producers of Abrasive standard). The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined and compared with properties of conventional products (P60 and P40 Garnet Paper). Surface finish assessments were carried out with visual inspection on selected wood. The result from elemental composition analysis showed that the produced sample grains contain some hard ceramic materials needed for effective polishing or surface finishing. The physical and mechanical properties of the grains samples were found to have close properties with the standard conventional sand paper. Hardness and compressive strength of Coconut shell (CNS) grains/resin composites samples increased with increase in polyester resin concentration. Samples made from 250 μm sieve size showed better mechanical properties than the corresponding samples from 420 μm sieve size. The wear rate of CNS/resin composites was also found to increase with increase in load (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g) and temperature (50 and 150 oC. Also, result from visual examination shows that the CNS specimens contribute to high material removal but not smoother due to grain sizes considered for this study.Item Evaluation of the foundry properties of Oyun river (Ilorin) moulding sand(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria., 2019-02-26) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Ibrahim, H. K; Ajao, K. S; Bello, M. OInadequate information on available natural moulding sands in Nigeria resulted to the use of the sand for casting without recourse to their suitability. This practice resulted to poor casting quality and underdevelopment of Nigerian foundry industry. In this study, the properties of Oyun natural moulding sand were evaluated to determine its suitability for sand casting. The chemical and physico -mechanical properties of the sand samples were examined using America Foundrymen’s Society (AFS) guidelines. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the sand contained SiO₂ and, Al₂O₃ from 84.49 to 84.58% and 7.17 to 7.22% respectively, with smaller proportions of other elements such as NaO₂ and K₂O, CaO, Fe₂O₃, MgO and TiO₂. The physico-mechanical properties of the sand were clay content (14.96 - 15.79 %), moisture content (8.15 – 8.48%), grain fineness number (83.40 – 89.24), green compressive strength (77.31 – 79.73 KN/m²), dry compressive strength (200.24 – 214.65 KN/m²) and refractoriness (above 1300°C). These results were within the AFS standard recommendation values for non-ferrous metal casting. Hence, Oyun moulding sand was found suitable as mould sand for various types of casting of metals like grey steel, aluminum, bronze, brass and light steels. Effective utilization of this sand for foundry applications will help to improve the economy of Nigeria and subsequently aid in reducing social problems as result of unemployment.Item Inhibitive potential of prosopis africana on corrosion of low carbon steel in 1m hydrochloric acid medium(University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2019-06-20) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Ibrahim, H. K; Ajao, K. S; Raheem, Y. A; Aremu, I. N; Pelumi, A. ARecently, there is quest for the use of inexpensive, non-toxic, non-biodegradable, readily available and environmentally acceptable corrosion inhibitor. Studies have shown that these properties could be achieved through the use of plants as inhibitor. Inhibiting effect of Prosopis Africana (Iron Tree) seed extracts were assessed on a sample of low carbon steel in 1M HCl with varying proportion of the seed extract using gravimetric, Tafel polarization and gasometrical measurement techniques. The results show that weight loss/corrosion rate decreases with increase in the extracts’ concentrations. Good inhibiting efficiency of Prosopis Africana extracts with optimum inhibiting efficiency of 97.7% at 1.0 g/l after 120 hours exposure in gravimetric measurement was attained. TAFEL polarization results revealed that the Prosopis Africana extract shows that the corrosion current density decreases with the increase in the concentration of the extract. The extract is found suitable as green inhibitor for corrosion of low carbon steel in the studied medium.Item physico-mechanical properties of Ado-Ekiti (South West, Nigeria) natural moulding sands for foundry applications(Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria, 2018-12-15) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Abegunde, A. JPoor casting quality is associated with the use of locally available moulding sands without recourse to their suitability through adequate knowledge of their properties. The properties of some Ado-Ekiti moulding sands were therefore examined with the aim of establishing their suitability or otherwise for foundry applications. Some natural sand samples were obtained from Ureje, Omisanjana, Odo Ayo and Ogbese within Ado-Ekiti metropolis. Their chemical compositions were determined and analyzed using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer technique and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The sands’ physico-mechanical properties were also examined in line with American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results of the chemical analysis indicated that the sands contained silica and aluminium oxide as their major constituents with values of 63.83 – 79.23% and 12.20 – 23.76% respectively. The Ureje, Omisanjana, Odo Ayo and Ogbese sands respectively possessed American Foundry-Men’s Society Grain Fineness Number (AFS-GFN): 63.27, 61.08, 66.98 and 61.12; clay content: 12, 13, 10 and 6%; moisture content: 12.04, 12.25, 12.23 and 11.92%; permeability 86.2, 87.5, 86.3 and 88.2%; flowability: 67.87, 68.50, 67.40 and 67.25%; green compression strength: 120.9, 63.6, 70.9 and 82.0 kN/m2; dry compression strength: 203.0, 101.8, 191.0 and 76.4 kN/m2. Each of the samples has refractoriness above 1200oC. The sands (except that of Ogbese sand) can be used naturally as core if the core length is short due to rapid decrease in the sands’ hot strength from 1100oC. These properties were found to fall within the required values for casting of most ferrous and non-ferrous metals, except that of Ogbese sand. Comparison of the results obtained from the studied sands’ properties with that of AFS mould sand properties for various types of castings revealed that the studied sands have the potential for use in sand casting process for metals like grey steel, light steels, brass, bronze and aluminum. Meanwhile, the properties of Ogbese natural sand can be improved with application of additive like bentonite to enhance its suitability for sand casting application.Item Potential of cow horn for carbonitriding treatment of steel(Springer Link (Waste Biomass Valor), 2018-02-07) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Ahmed, I.I; Mohammed, A.T; Abdulkareem, S; Yahaya, T; Bayode, B. LThe potential of carbonitriding treatment of steel with cow horn was investigated in line with abattoir waste to wealth approach of waste management. The objectives of the study included processing of cow horn into different morphologies namely: powder and flakes for carbonitriding heat treatment, and, chemical analyses of cow horn with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques to determine the chemical composition and phases of cow horn respectively. The heat treatment was carried out at 850 and 450 °C for carburizing and nitriding dominated processes respectively. Vickers hardness measurement was carried out to determine the hardness profile on carbonitrided samples. Optical metallography was carried out for microstructural examination and to investigate phase contrast between the case and core of carbonitrided sample. The result of hardness test observed is consistent with the case hardening profile with higher hardness value at near surface decreasing towards core. Sample heat treated with horn flakes showed higher hardness than those with horn powder. Microstructural phase contrast showed delineation of the hardened case and soft inner core. The high hardness of case was attributed to diffusion of carbon and nitrogen atoms from the cow horn to iron interstices. This supposition was corroborated by detection of carbon and nitrogen with EDS and XRD tests. It was therefore concluded that cow horn could be processed as candidate materials for carbonitriding of steel.Item Production of Abrasive Sandpaper Using Periwinkle Shell and Crab Shell(Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh., 2020-06-26) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Abdulqadir, L. B; Ibrahim, H. K; Aremu, I. N; Ibrahim, T. OIn this study, the properties of periwinkle shell and crab shell grains, such as hardness, compressive strength and wear resistance were examined for their suitability as abrasive materials. The binding effect of polyester resin at high concentration was also considered. Through the process of crushing, grinding and subsequently sieving using ASTM E11 set of sieves, the shells were processed into grit standards grain sizes of P40 and P60. Furthermore, by mixing and mould compression using a hydraulic press polymer matrix composite with particles varying from 96 wt.% to 92 wt.% and resin 3 wt.% to 7 wt.% with 1 wt.% each of cobalt naphthalene and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide hardener respectively were developed from the grits. It was found that, with an increase in polyester resin content, the hardness and compressive strength increased, while the wear rate decreased. The composition with 92 wt.% periwinkle shell grains to 7 wt.% polyester resin was found to be with the most improved abrasive properties.Item Quality evaluation of commercially available steels in some selected Nigerian markets(University Politehnica Timsoara, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara,, 2019-05-02) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Adewuyi, R. A; Ajao, K. S; Aremu, I. N; Ibrahim, H. K; Abdul, A. JItem Suitability of cow horn as filler in an epoxy composite(University of Port Harcourt, World Bank Assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP), 2019-03-05) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Alasi, T. O; Aremu, I. N; Ibrahim, H. K; Abdulrahaman, S. O; Elakhame, Z. UThis study focuses on assessment of cow horn as filler in an epoxy composite. A particle-reinforced composite was developed using horn particles (HP) and epoxy resin with filler of varying percentage weight (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. 25%, 30%, 35%, 40 %) at particle sizes of 100 and 150 μm. The composites were developed by hand lay-up technique with varying process parameters. The properties of the developed composites were examined through tensile, flexural and impact tests. The results showed that the tensile properties of the polymers reduced with the incorporation of the cow horn as filler. But at higher curing temperature, a better strength was achieved. Meanwhile, the flexural and impact properties of the polymers increased with the incorporation of the fiber in no particular order. The composite materials with particle size of 100 μm with curing temperature of 80oC exhibited higher tensile (37.58 MPa) and impact properties (74 J) than the lower particles. Generally, the cow horn was found to be a good potential filler in the composite if prepared using higher curing temperature as exhibited through its mechanical properties.Item Suitability of some selected Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria) natural moulding sands’ properties for sand casting(Faculty of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, 2017-12-02) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Yaru, S. S; Abdulkareem, S; Ajayi, S; Busari, Y. O; Ajao, K. S; Ibrahim, H. K; Mohammed, G. AIn achieving accelerated and sustaining economic growth and development in Nigeria, there is need for domestication of finished goods production through sustainable industrialization. Foundry technology is one of the vital bases for rapid industrial development of any nation. Samples of moulding sand at green state were collected from four different moulding sand deposits within Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria. The samples were prepared using ASTM and British standards, while the materials’ Physico-mechanical properties were evaluated using American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the AFS’s satisfactory mould sand properties for various types of metal castings. The sand samples were found to meet the requirements for casting various metals of different types like Aluminum, brass and bronze, light and malleable iron, light and medium grey iron, except heavy steel. The presence of red oxide in the sands and the specimens’ higher compressive strength values show that the natural sands will be suitable for casting of non- ferrous metal of low temperature. Effective application of the sample sands in casting will also enhance industrialization, job creation and the nation self-reliance through reduction in importation of foundry sand and foundry products into theItem Utilisation of Indigenous Ceramic Raw Materials for the Production of Water Closet(Scientific Research Publishing, 2020-08-12) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Elakhame, Z. U; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Bankole, L. K; Omowunmi, O. J; Akinsanya, O. O; Unachukwu, A. J; Adeyemo, R. G; Ikusedun, MThe fact is that Nigeria ceramic raw materials are underutilized as a result of inadequate information on the materials which limits the local production of water closet. The emphasis of this research was on the suitability of the physio- chemical properties of the abundant locally sourced ceramic raw materials from South-west Nigeria. The selected locally sourced raw materials included: kaolin, feldspar, silica and ball clay. The Physical properties carried out on the specimens produced include chemical analysis, shrinkage, porosity, bulk density, modulus of rupture, plasticity and viscosity. The physical property tests were done in accordance with (ASTM C). Standard and the chemical composition were identified by AAS spectrometer. However, the ratio of kaolin, feldspar, quartz and ball clay was varied in five major formulation represented as A, B, C, D and E. The clay, kaolin, quartz and feldspar used in this study were found to belong to alumina-silicate group suitable for the production of standard water closet. The samples’ properties met the required standards; hence, the materials were found suitable for production of water closet of acceptable standards. Composition A specimen gives the most suitable proportions for the production of water closet at 40% of kaolin, 25% of feldspar, 10% of quartz and 25% of ball clay respectively.