Phytochemical screening and evaluation of diuretic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) in albino rats.
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2016
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Library and Publications Committee University of Ilorin
Abstract
Background: Non optimal blood pressure has been reported as a leading cause of death globally. Croton zambesicus is a highly valued medicinal plant in Nigeria and the West African sub-region. It is used by traditional medicine practitioners in the management of hypertension. This study aims to determine the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the diuretic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in albino rats. Methods: The aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus was screened for phytochemical constituents. The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus on urine output was evaluated and the concentration of sodium and potassium in urine was also determined. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. The aqueous extract (10 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.001) increase in urine output when compared to the control and hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg) administered groups. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in Na+ and K+ concentrations of urine. The results obtained from this study revealed the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus contains bioactive constituents which includes; flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenes, alkaoids and cardiac glycosides. In addition, the leaf extract produced an increase in urine output comparable to that produced by hydrochlorothiazide.
Description
Keywords
Croton zambesicus, Traditional medicine, Phytochemicals, Hydrochlorothiazide, Diuretic