Thesis and Dissertation for the Department of CENTER FOR PEACE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES

Permanent URI for this collection

https://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/20.500.12484/7546

Browse

Browsing Thesis and Dissertation for the Department of CENTER FOR PEACE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES by Title

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Item
    The Effects of Drug and Substance Abuse among Youth on Community Security in Kano and Sokoto States, Nigeria
    (UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2021-02) SOKOTO, Mohammed Malami
    Drug and psychoactive substance abuse among youth portendsan alarming human security conundrum in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of drug and substance abuse among youth on community security in Kano and Sokoto states. The objectives of the study were to:(i) identifythe causes and nature of drug and substance abuse among youth in Kano and Sokoto states; (ii) establish the correlation between drug abuse and its effects on the individual users in Kano and Sokoto states; (iii) examine the effects of drug abuse on community security in Kano and Sokoto states; (iv)make a comparative analysis of the effects of drug abuse on community security in both state; (v) assess the level of community involvement in the control of drug abuse in Kano and Sokotostates; and (vi) appraise counter-drug abuse strategies in the two states. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used for the study. A total of 800 Questionnaireswere distributed to respondents in both states. A total of 770questionnaire were retrieved and analyzed using the quantitative method from the tools of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Key Informant Interview (KII), In-depth Interview (IDI) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were employed to obtain qualitative data. Pilot studies were carried out to determine the reliability of the instruments, through theCronbach’s Alpha Numeric Inter-instrument Consistency Model. The findings of the studywere that: (i) the major causes of drug abuse among youth were: self-medication, 74.3% for Kano and 73.6% for Sokoto state; experimentation, 90.2% for Kano and 80.5% for Sokoto state; peer influence, 85.8%for Kano and 69.7% for Sokoto;and indolence, 74.8% for Kano, 39.4% forSokoto state; (ii) there was a strong correlation between drug abuse and its effects on individual users in bothKano and Sokotostates, at an average of a=0.05 and P value=0.01
  • Item
    EFFECTS OF ECOWAS ELECTORAL SUPPORT SYSTEM ON SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY ON MEMBER COUNTRIES
    (UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2021-04) OKORODUDU, EYESAN EMMANUEL
    The mandate of the ECOWAS Electoral Assistance Support System (EEASS) to promote sustainable democracy in member countries is being undermined by intense internal political complications. Certainly, West African countries are maturing into stable political transitions but there is still the problem of distortion of democratic principles to subvert the collective will of the people. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the EEASS on sustainable democracy in member countries. The objectives of the study were to: (i) examine the main thrusts of the EEASS to member countries; (ii) investigate the extent to which members have domesticated the Good Governance requirements for EEASS; (iii) evaluate the extent to which members have benefitted from the EEASS; (iv) assess the effects of EEASS on sustainable democracy in member states; and (v) identify the challenges of EEASS in member countries. The study adopted mixed method research design, consisting of quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data while Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) were employed to generate qualitative data. The total ECOWAS total population was around 500 million people while the sample size for the study consisted of 500 randomly selected respondents from relevant electoral stakeholders. The data analysis for the study was based on the 485 copies of retrieved questionnaire and responses from the KII and FGD. The data collected were interpreted with the use of percentages and descriptive analysis. The reliability of the results (0.88 reliability value) was obtained through the use of inter-instrument data consistency model. The data gathered were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study were that: (i) The EEASS to ECOWAS member countries included election observation (96%), improved performance capacity building for electoral umpire (87%) and financial assistance 48%; (ii) most member States (89%) have domesticated the values of ECOWAS good governance requirements for accessing its electoral assistance by adopting zero tolerance to non-democratic governance (93%), increasing freedom of political association (82%), improving free and fair elections (40%) and reducing electoral violence (34%); (iii) many member States (67%) have benefitted substantially from the EEASS with training support for their electoral commission (83%), financial assistance (67%), post election crisis management workshop (64%) and capacity building on credible election observation methods (52%); (iv) the EEASS has positive effects on sustainable democracy in member countries having led to overwhelming reduction in coup d’état (92%), increased stable democratic transition in member countries (81%) and reduced electoral violence (36%); and (v) the challenges of EEASS at enthroning sustainable democracy in member countries included poor funding of electoral administration (89%), weak electoral policing (87%), partial electoral umpire (84%) and bad governance (82%). The study concluded that the ECOWAS electoral assistance support system has served as a useful political tool for enthroning sustainable democracy without adequately enhancing accountable governance. The study recommended that the EEASS be sustained and refocused for better performance in West African States.
  • Item
    THE OMBATSE ETHNO-CULTURAL GROUP AND COMMUNITY SECURITY IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2021-03) IBRAHIM, Ahmad Ojiriaa
    The Nasarawa State of Nigeria was ravaged between 2014 and 2017 by the militant activities of the Ombatse ethnic militia in the course of promoting the socio-political interests of the Eggon ethnic group. Efforts of concerned stakeholders at resolving the crisis have remained futile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Ombatse militia crisis on community security in Nasarawa State. The Objectives of the study were to (i) identify the socio-political interests of the Ombatse militia in Nasarawa State; (ii) examine the strategic approach of the Ombatse militia at achieving their socio-political interests; (iii) investigate the factors responsible for the transformation of peaceful demands of the Ombatse militia into a violent agitation (iv) examine the effects of violence activities of the Ombatse militia on community security; and (v) identify the challenges of resolving the Ombatse crisis. Mixed research design, which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, was adopted for the study. Questionnaire was used for collecting quantitative data and Key Informant Interview along Focus Group Discussion was adopted for gathering qualitative data. 500 respondents were used as sampled population while data analysis for the study was based on the 485 retrieved data from both the quantitative and qualitative techniques. The data collected were interpreted with 10 the use of percentages and descriptive analysis. The validity of the instrument and reliability of the results were obtained through the use pilot study and test-retest technique respectively. The findings of the study were that the: (i) socio-political interests of the Ombatse ethnic militia in Nasarawa State included the creation of more Eggon chiefdoms (97%), more Eggon local governments (94%), acceptance of Eggon as indigenes of their places of abode within the state (92%), and repudiation of payment of farm royalties by the Eggon to the Alago chiefs (87%); (ii) main strategic approaches of the Ombatse militia at achieving the Eggon socio-political interests were persuasion (92%), aggressive use of Eggon media for mobilizing folks for violence (89%), adoption of physical violence against perceived enemies (87%); and charm fortification of members against defeat (53%). (iii) factors responsible for the transformation of peaceful agitation of the Ombatse militia into violent included non-creation of more Eggon chiefdoms (93%), non-election of Eggon as governor of Nasarawa State (86%), and non-repudiation of payment of farm royalties by Eggons to Alago chiefs (82%); (iv) effects of the Ombatse militancy on community security in Nasarawa State were loss of lives and property (97%), security breaches (81%) and strained relationship between the Eggons and other ethnic groups (73%), and; (v) challenges of resolving the Ombatse crisis included non-implementation of previous recommendations on the crisis (78%) and non-compromised position of the Ombatse militia on some unrealistic demands (71%). The study concluded that the Ombatse militancy has breached community security and heightened inter-ethnic hatred in Nasarawa state without adequate resolution. Nasarawa State Government and the Eggon ethnic group should adopt better strategies for resolving the crisis.