Browsing by Author "Soji-Omoniwa, O"

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    Antidiabetic Activity of Bioactive-Rich Fractions of Ficus exasperata vahl Leaf in Fructose and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
    (University of Ilorin, 2020) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oloyede, H.O.B
    The antidiabetic activity of Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf (FEL) has been previously reported but data on the metabolites responsible for this effect has not been established. The aim of this study was to conduct bioactivity-guided fractionation of FEL and identify the antidiabetic principles in fructose and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Aqueous, butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents extracts of FEL were used to treat diabetic rats in phase one of the study. The most potent crude solvent extract in phase 1 was then subjected to column chromatography in phase two which gave five different fractions which were further evaluated for efficacy in diabetic rats. In each phase, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipid profile concentrations were analyzed. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the most active fraction was subsequently carried out. FBG, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein concentrations of extracts and fractions-treated rats reduced significantly (p<0.05) while high density lipoprotein concentration increased significantly (p<0.05). GC-MS analysis showed that thymol, phytol acetate and eugenol were present predominantly in the butanol extract. In conclusion, the result revealed that butanol extracts of Ficus exasperata vahl leaf elicited antihyperglycaemic and antidyslipidaemic activities. The predominant constituents of butanol extract are known compounds with reported antioxidant activity, which might be one of the ways by which the plant extract elicits its antidiabetic effect.
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    CHANGES IN SELECTED HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS FED WITH FICUS EXASPERATAVAHL LEAF-BASED DIET
    (University of Ilorin, 2020) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oloyede, H.O.B
    In recent years, there has been increase in the use of non-culinary herbs in food products. This technology of incorporating medicinal or non-culinary herbs into diet offers great promise for the management of diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of FicusexasperataVahl leaf-based diet (FELD) on selected haematological parameters of albino rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 6 animals each namely: C [control rats fed diet without Ficusexasperataleaf (FEL)], F1, F2, and F3 [experimental groups fed diets containing 10 %, 30 % and 50 % FEL respectively]. Rats were allowed access to the compounded feed ad libitum for7 and 21 days. They were thereafter sacrificed and their blood samples collected and analysed using automated haematologic analyser. Results showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV) and mean cell volume (MCV) after 7 days of consuming FELD while there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in haemoglobin (HGB), PCV and MCV after 21 days of consuming FELD. The leucocytic parameters showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) of rats fed with FELD at all the levels of FEL inclusion compared to control group at the end of day 7 while platelets were significantly reduced at the end of 21 days of consuming FELD. Findings from this study revealed that FELD elicited some level of toxicity as revealed by the observed alterations in the haematological parameters studied.It should therefore be consumed with caution.
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    Consumption of cod liver oil-enriched Vernonia amygdalina Leaf-based diet promoted wound healing in wound-inflicted type 2 diabetic Wistar rats.
    (University of Tripoli Alahlia-Libya., 2022-05-31) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Adebayo, S.O; Ayinde, R.O; Oyeniyi, A.F; Adeleye, S.A; Ezechukwu, T.; Chinedum, C; Emeje, E.F; Alebiosu, O; Ajibola, O.E; Adeniyi, P.O; Adebiyi, A.A; Toluhi, A.S; Adelaja, A.V; Adebisi, A.L; Olawoyin, K.J.; Asunloye, O.M
    Background. Diabetes mellitus is an important factor that contribute to non-healing chronic wound and 2 out of 10 diabetic patients in Nigeria present with diabetic foot ulcer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cod liver oil-enriched Vernonia amygdalina leaf-based diet (CLVA) on wound healing in wound-inflicted type 2 diabetic rats. Methods. Thirty-six albino rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups namely; control (C), diabetic untreated control (DC), reference drug control (RD), 10% CLVA, 20% CLVA and 30% CLVA. All the groups except C were diabetic rats inflicted with wound, while C were non diabetic rats inflicted with wound. Groups C, DC and RD were fed diet without cod liver oil (CLO) and Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaves. The last 3 groups were fed 10, 20 and 30 % inclusion VA leaves and CLO in their diet. Feeding was done ad libitum for 14 days. Wound areas images, fasting blood glucose (FBG), Serum insulin, nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, wound contraction rate, interleukins-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were monitored. Results. Results showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) in FBG, insulin, NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations of rats fed on 10, 20 and 30 % to DC, while VEGF increased significantly (p < 0.05). Expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB were down regulated in rats fed on all CLVA inclusion levels. Wound contraction rate increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the various inclusion levels compared to DC, with wound area images showing progressive wound closure in CLVA-fed groups. Conclusion. Consumption of CLVA promoted wound healing in wound-inflicted diabetic rats.
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    Effect of Ficus exasperata Leaf-Based Diet on Antioxidant Parameters of Type 2 diabetic Rats
    (Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2016) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oloyede, H.O.B
    The effect of Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet on antioxidant parameters of type 2 diabetic rats was investigated in this study. Forty-eight (48) male albino rats were randomly selected into 8 groups, namely A to H. Various proportion (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) of Ficus exasperata powerdered leaf was incorporated into locally sourced ingredients and formulated into feed. The feed was administered ad libitum to animals in group D to H, after induction of diabetes using 10% fructose solution ad libitum and 40 mg/kg b.wt. streptozotocin injected intraperitoneally. Group A (positive control), B (negative control) and C (metformin-treated group) received feed without F. exasperata leaf. Biochemical parameters studied are; Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Reduced glutathione and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Data analysis was done with SPSS version 16.0 and level of significance set at p<0.05. Results showed alteration in the endogenous antioxidant parameters of diabetic animals when compared to the positive control. Treatment of the experimental animals with test diets resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione level when compared to the negative control and no significant difference (p>0.05) compared to the positive control group. MDA concentration was significantly reduced (p<0.05) for all the treatment groups as well, compared to the negative control. In conclusion, Feeding of Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet to Type 2 diabetic rats for 16 days ameliorated the alteration in the endogenous antioxidant parameters studied. There was no significant difference in the ameliorative effect of the various proportion of the Ficus exasperata leaf in the feed.
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    EFFECT OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA AND FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTED BISCUITS ON LIPID PROFILE PARAMETERS AND BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION OF DIABETIC RATS
    (Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, 2024) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Adekeye B.T; Abdulazeez U.O.; Olayinka J.O.; Oloba C.O; Ajediti A.F; Kolawole S.O.; Yusuf H.T.
    Biscuit, a popular snack, serve as an ideal vehicle for incorporating therapeutic agents for disease management. This study aimed to assess the effect of Vernonia amygdalina (VO) and fish oil (FO)- supplemented biscuits (VFSB) on the total lipid profile and blood glucose concentration of diabetic rats. Forty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups (A to G). Upon induction and confirmation of diabetes in experimental rats, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level were monitored weekly using glucometer. Twenty-four hours after the last day of treatment, rats were sacrificed and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL c) concentrations were assayed using assay kits. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in FBG, TC, LDL-c, and TG concentrations in biscuit fed groups D, E, and F compared to group B fed VFSB. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in groups D, E, and F compared to Group B. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina and fish oil-supplemented biscuits exhibited a glucose-lowering effect and mitigated dyslipidemia associated with diabetes mellitus.
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    Effects of selected aqueous plant extracts on heamatological parameters of Plasmodium berghei infected mice.
    (Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2016) Abubakar, F.A.; Adetutu, A.; Olorunnisola, O.S; Soji-Omoniwa, O; Abdulazeez, A.T; Aborisade, A.B
    Cymbopogon citrates leaves, Khaya senagalesis stem bark, Parquetina nigrescens leaves, Psidium guajava leaves, Terminalia glaucescens stem bark and Zingiber officinale rhizome are used traditionally to treat malaria. This study evaluate the effects of the aqueous extracts of C. citrates leaves, K. senagalesis stem bark, P. nigrescens leaves, P.guajava, T. glaucescens stem bark and Z. officinale rhizome respectively on the heamatological status of NK 65 Plasmodium berghei (chloroquine sensitive parasite) infected mice. Fourty five (45) albino mice with average weight 25.5 ± 1.45g were randomly grouped into nine (9). Mice in group A serve as control not infected. Groups B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I were inoculated intraperitoneally with P. berghei. Groups C, D, E, F, G, H and I were treated with 5 mg/kg body weight of chloroquine, 200mg/kg body weight of C. citrates, K. senagalesis, P. nigrescens, P. guajava, T. glaucescens and Z. officinale aqueous extracts respectively. On day 5, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume, haemoglobin count (Hb), lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were assessed. There were significant (p<0.05) increase in the Hb count, RBC and PCV levels of the extract treated P. berghei infected mice in each group when compared with the untreated P. berghei infected mice. In the extracts treated infected mice, lymphocyte count was significantly (p<0.05) increased with concomitant decrease in neutrophil count. Our Findings show that all the extracts used has anti-anaemic properties and anti-inflammatory potential with extracts of P. nigrescens, P. guajava, T. glaucescens and Z. officinale demonstrating higher potential.
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    Hepatotoxicity evaluation of geophagic clay soil from Uzola, Edo State, Nigeria in albino rats
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria., 2017-09) Omoniwa, B.P.; Lenka, J.L; Soji-Omoniwa, O
    The effect of oral administration of geophagic soil from Uzola on the liver of albino rats was evaluated in this study. Major oxides composition analysis showed the presence of SiO2 (55.70%), MnO (0.01%), Al2O3 (23.81%), Fe2O3 (3.03%) etc. Forty-five elements were detected and quantified. Zirconium had highest concentration (344.4ppm) followed by Barium (287ppm) while Molybdenum, Silver, Cadmium and Antimony had the lowest concentration of <0.1ppm. Rats were divided into 4 groups (i.e. A, B, C and D). Group, A which served as the control, was orally administered with distilled water while groups B, C and D were orally administered with 400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg body weight dose of the soil solution respectively. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after soil solution administration for 1, 7 and 21 days. Liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and concentrations of serum total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, total protein and albumin were determined. There was a significant increase (p< 0.05) in liver alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum alanine aminotransferase activities in the experimental animals. Serum total protein concentration also increased significantly (p< 0.05) in the experimental animals when compared to the control group but was reversed to control levels after 21 days administration. Available results show that geophagic clay soil from Uzola, Edo State, Nigeria may have a deleterious effect on liver synthetic functions and may also cause an overproduction of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the liver at the doses considered.
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    In vitro antiplasmodial activity of aqueous extracts of Ochna schweinfurthiana leaf on Plasmodium falciparum.
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria., 2017) Omoniwa, B.P.; Johnson, T.O.; Soji-Omoniwa, O; Gurumtet, I; Manzah, R.A.
    The in vitro antiplasmodial activities of cold and hot aqueous extracts of Ochna schweinfurthiana leaf was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum at concentrations 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml. Parasitaemia was observed after 24, 48 and 72 hours under a light microscope at X100 magnification. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts were compared with a standard Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT), artemether/lumefantrine. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids (65.97 mg/100g), alkaloids (0.20 mg/100g), saponins (47.39 mg/100g) and tannins (0.53 mg/100g). There was a significant reduction (P< 0.05) in parasitemia of groups treated with the various doses of the extracts when compared to the control group. The reduction in parasitemia was however not as pronounced as that observed for the standard drug-treated groups. The 10, 20, 40 1nd 80 μg/ml doses of the extracts gave a percentage parasite inhibition of 79.77, 81.86, 83.38 and 86.42 (cold extract) and 76.26, 78.54, 82.72 and 85.06 (hot extract) respectively which are lower than 99.71, 99.81, 100.00 and 100.00 respectively observed for the standard drug after 72 hours. However, in vitro assay of plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) activity did not show any significant difference among the extract-treated groups and those treated with artemether/lumefantrine standard. Findings from this study show that hot and cold aqueous extracts of Ochna schweinfurthiana leaf possess high inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro especially after 72 hours and justifies it folkloric use as an antimalarial.
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    Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Formulated Biscuits Supplemented with Vernonia amygdalina Del Leaves And Heteroclarias Spp Viscera Oil
    (Department of Food Technology, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, 2024-04-26) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Olugbenga, O.B; Adewuyi, P.A; Ajao, O.P; Awe, D.O; Olawale, P.Z; Badmos, K.A; Omotosho, J.A
    The high prevalence of nutrition-related health issues has spurred a growing interest in developing healthier snack alternatives. The aim of this study therefore was to develop and assess the sensory as well as the nutritional properties of biscuits supplemented with Vernonia amygdalina leaf (VA) and Heteroclarias spp viscera oil. Four biscuit samples were developed: one without Vernonia amygdalina and fish oil (labeled BWVF) and three others containing increasing quantities of VA (BWVF-1 g, BWVF-2 g, and BWVF-3 g). A commercially purchased conventional biscuit (CB) was utilized as a control. Physicochemical parameters of fish viscera oil, proximate analysis and sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale was carried out on the formulated biscuits. Results showed that the physicochemical properties of the fish viscera oil were within range recommended for edible oil. Carbohydrate was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in BWVF- 1 g, BWVF- 2 g and BWVF- 3 g in a dose dependent manner compared to the CB, while percentage crude protein, lipid and ash contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to CB. The rating of appearance, texture/consistency, crunchiness, and overall acceptability of the test biscuits were not significantly different (p > 0.05) to CB. However, there was a dose-dependent decrease in the ratings for the taste of BWVF-1 g, BWVF-2 g and BWVF-3g compared to CB and BWVF. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina and fish oil-supplemented biscuits have good sensory evaluation and contain nutrients that can contribute to the daily nutritional and caloric needs of consumers
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    Toxicological Evaluation of Cod Liver Oil-Enriched Vernonia amygdalina Leaf-Based Diet in Wistar Rats
    (University of Tripoli Alahlia-Libya., 2023-06-30) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oyindamola, E.O.; Ogunbanwo, S.O; Obasawo, S.O; Akinleye, E.O; Ogunbayeje, M.P.; Taiwo, B.O.; Odoh, M.U; Odejayi, H.O; Oluwadamilola ,S.O; Sanusi, R.O.; Oba, A.M; Salawu, A.O.; Salihu, L.U; OdewoleM.A; Obe, D.A.; Salaudeen, I.O
    Cod Liver Oil-Enriched V.amygdalina Leaf-Based Diet in our previous study elicited wound-healing effect in Type 2 diabetic rats. As part of the safety evaluation of this nutraceutical formulation, it is important to evaluate it toxicity profile. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the toxicological effect of cod liver oil-enriched V. amygdalina leaf-based diet (CLVA) in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity (limit test) and sub-acute toxicity (repeated dose 28-days oral toxicity) tests were carried out using Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. For acute toxicity experiment, 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) single dose administration was given to 5 overnight-fasted female rats. This was done sequentially in an interval of 48 hr. While for the sub-acute study, 30 male and 30 female rats were assigned randomly to 6 groups constituting 4 main and 2 reversal groups, each containing 10 rats (5 male and 5 females). CLVA at the following doses; 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.wt. were administered daily to Wistar rats for 28 days. Rats in the Main groups (G1, G2, G3 & G4) were sacrificed at day 29 while the reversal groups (G1R & G4R) were monitored for another 14 days without CLVA administration. Data were analysed using the 20th version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results showed that the lethal dose of CLVA in Wistar rat was above 2000 mg/ kg b.wt. Water, feed intake, liver function indices (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, total protein and total bilirubin), kidney function indices (alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, urea, and electrolytes), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides), glucose concentration and haematological parameters were not altered significantly (p > 0.05) in CLVA-fed groups. Histopathological examination of kidneys and livers did not show any treatment-related changes as well. In conclusion, administration of CLVA at the studied doses is safe for consumption and can therefore be recommended for use by patients suffering from diabetes with delayed wound healing.
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    Toxicological Evaluation of Cod Liver Oil-Enriched Vernonia amygdalina Leaf-Based Diet in Wistar Rats
    (Kenyatta University, 2023-06-30) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oyindamola, E.O.; Ogunbanwo, S.O; Obasawo, S.O; Akinleye, E.O; Ogunbayeje, M.P; Taiwo, B.O.; Odoh, M.U.; Odejayi, H.O; Oluwadamilola ,S.O; Sanusi, R.O.; Oba, A.M.; Salawu, A.O; Salihu, L.U; OdewoleM.A.; Obe, D.A; Salaudeen, I.O
    Cod Liver Oil-Enriched V.amygdalina Leaf-Based Diet in our previous study elicited wound-healing effect in Type 2 diabetic rats. As part of the safety evaluation of this nutraceutical formulation, it is important to evaluate it toxicity profile. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the toxicological effect of cod liver oil-enriched V. amygdalina leaf-based diet (CLVA) in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity (limit test) and sub-acute toxicity (repeated dose 28-days oral toxicity) tests were carried out using Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. For acute toxicity experiment, 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) single dose administration was given to 5 overnight-fasted female rats. This was done sequentially in an interval of 48 hr. While for the sub-acute study, 30 male and 30 female rats were assigned randomly to 6 groups constituting 4 main and 2 reversal groups, each containing 10 rats (5 male and 5 females). CLVA at the following doses; 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.wt. were administered daily to Wistar rats for 28 days. Rats in the Main groups (G1, G2, G3 & G4) were sacrificed at day 29 while the reversal groups (G1R & G4R) were monitored for another 14 days without CLVA administration. Data were analysed using the 20th version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results showed that the lethal dose of CLVA in Wistar rat was above 2000 mg/ kg b.wt. Water, feed intake, liver function indices (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, total protein and total bilirubin), kidney function indices (alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, urea, and electrolytes), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides), glucose concentration and haematological parameters were not altered significantly (p > 0.05) in CLVA-fed groups. Histopathological examination of kidneys and livers did not show any treatment-related changes as well. In conclusion, administration of CLVA at the studied doses is safe for consumption and can therefore be recommended for use by patients suffering from diabetes with delayed wound healing.
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    Toxicological evaluation of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
    (Faculty of Physical and Life Sciences, Babcock University, Nigeria., 2017) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Omoniwa, B.P.; Usman, L.A.
    This study investigated the toxicity effect of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) on alloxan –induced diabetic rats, having confirmed its antidiabetic potential in previous study. Forty (40) male albino rats were randomly selected into 4 groups ( A, B, C and D) of 10 rats each, representing (respectively) the Normal Control, Diabetic Control, Diabetic treated with 14.2 mg/kg b. wt. Metformin (reference drug), and Diabetic treated with 110 mg/kg b.wt. leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis. Experimental animals apart from the normal, diabetic, and referenced drug treated groups were treated with the 110 mg/kg b.wt of the oil for 15 days. Effect on hematological parameters, liver and kidney function tests were evaluated. Results showed that there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of red blood cell, packed cell volume and no significant difference (p<0.05) in White blood cell, lymphocyte and neutrophil when compared to the normal control. Citrus sinensis essential oil-treated diabetic rats also showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in total protein concentration, significant decrease (p<0.05) in albumin, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations compared to the normal control. Concentrations of serum creatinine and urea in the essential oil-treated diabetic rats significantly increased and decreased respectively when compared with the normal control group. A significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the activity of heart alanine transaminase. Results of this study suggest that the leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis at a dose of 110 mg/kg b.wt administered for 15 days might be toxic to the tissues study.