Browsing by Author "Salawu, Kayode"
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Item Antioxidant, Brine Shrimp Lethality, and Antiproliferative Properties of Gel and Leaf Extracts of Aloe schweinfurthii and Aloe vera(JOURNAL OF HERBS, SPICES & MEDICINAL PLANTS, 2017) Salawu, Kayode; Ayaiyeoba, Edith; Ogbole, Omonike; Adeniji, Johnson; Faleye, Temitope; Agunu, AbdulkarimLeaf and gel extracts of Aloe schweinfurthii and A. vera were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assay using 2,2-diphennyl-1picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), brine shrimp lethality bioassay, and cytotoxicity using the MTT assay with two human cancer cell lines: Rd and Hep-2c. Extracts of A. schweinfurthii gel had IC values of 44.59; A. vera gel, 41.48, and A. vera leaf, 38.84 µg.mL , had similar DPPH radical-scavenging properties and were more active than A. schweinfurthii leaf. Ascorbic acid had an IC of 9.26 ± 0.14 µg.mL –1 . Aloe vera leaf (LC 50 = 325 ± 5.38 µg.mL ) was more active than the other three extracts in the BSL assay. The gel extracts of A. schweinfurthii (CC 50 = 4.06 µg.mL on Rd and 9.00 µg.mL –1 on Hep-2c) and A. vera (CC 50 –1 = 4.31 µg.mL on Rd, 9.06 µg.mL –1 on Hep-2c) elicited similar and more potent cytotoxicity comparable to cyclophosphamide, with CC = 2.2 µg.mL –1 on Rd and 2.66 µg.mL –1 on Hep-2c. Leaf extracts were less active than gel extracts. This study showed that A. schweinfurthii gel, A. vera gel and leaf had weak DPPH activity which were similar. Aloe vera and A. schweinfurthii did not elicit potent cytotoxicity in BSL assay. The gels from both Aloe species displayed antipoliferative activity on Rd and Hep-2c, two human cell cancer lines. 50 50 –1 50 –1 –1Item Evaluation of anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Turraea vogelli Hook. f. ex. Benth(Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019-01) Ayanniyi, Rashidat; Ojuade, Fatimoh; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah; Salawu, Kayode; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Adebisi-jose, GbemisolaAbstract : The leaf extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth . is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and inflammation. Anti nociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid induced mouse writhing model. The anti inflammatory activity was investigated using in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) denat uration assay and BSA induced hind paw edema in rats. The extract (125 500 mg/kg) administered via the oral route produced a significant ( p <0.005) inhibition of acetic acid induced writhes. The percent inhibition of writhes for extract (500 mg/kg) and dicl ofenac (1 0 mg/kg) was 53.3 and 59.5% respectively. The methanol extract (10 6 1.0 µg /mL) inhibited protein denaturation with IC 50 values of ( 1.06 × 10 3 µg/mL and 2.58 × 10 3 µg/mL) for extract and diclofenac respectively. Furthermore, the leaf extract (62. 5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited BSA induced paw edema in rats. The methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii has anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities. These findings justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management o f pain and inflammation.Item Evaluation of Anti-nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Leaf Extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth.(Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, 2019) Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Ojuade, Fatimoh; Abdul-Olumoh, Hidayah; Salawu, Kayode; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Adebesi-Jose, GbemisolaThe leaf extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth . is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and inflammation. Anti nociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid induced mouse writhing model. The antiinflammatory activity was investigated using in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay and BSA induced hind paw edema in rats. The extract (125 500 mg/kg) administered via the oral route produced a significant ( p <0.005) inhibition of acetic acid induced writhes. The percent inhibition of writhes for extract (500 mg/kg) and dicl ofenac (10mg/kg) was 53.3 and 59.5% respectively. The methanol extract (10 6 1.0 µg /mL) inhibited protein denaturation with IC 50 values of ( 1.06 × 10 3 µg/mL and 2.58 × 10 3 µg/mL) for extract and diclofenac respectively. Furthermore, the leaf extract (62. 5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited BSA induced paw edema in rats. The methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii has anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities. These findings justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management o f pain and inflammation.Item Extractive Values and Diuretic Activity of Methanol Extract of Three Varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) in Wistar Albino Rats(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin., 2018-12) Usman, Sukurat; Ayanniyi, Rashidat; Abdullah, AbdulRasheed; Musa, Mariam; Lawal, Bilqis; Salawu, Kayode; Attah, AlfredHibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) is widely cultivated in Nigeria as food and for medicinal purposes. The calyx is the most frequently used part of the plant and has been reported to have antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic activity. The aim of the present study is to determine the extractive values and diuretic activity of three varieties of H. sabdariffa. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane soluble extractive values were determined. The effect of the extracts of H. sabdariffa on urine output was evaluated and the concentration of sodium and potassium in blood was also determined. The results showed that water extract had the highest extractive value (32.90%, 26.50% and 29.00%) for the three varieties (Dark red, Light red and Green) respectively. H. sabdariffa extract (100 mg/kg G) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in urine output compared to the control. The diuretic activity of extract was comparable with the standard drug Hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg). The other species of H. sabdariffa extract produced no significant increase in urine output. H. sabdariffa extract (200 mg/kg G) showed a significant (p<0.05) natriuretic activity compared to control. There was no significance difference in the serum potassium levels for all the three varieties at the doses employed. The study showed that water is the most suitable solvent for extraction of the calyx of H. sabdariffa and the green variety produced a significant increase in urine output with potassium sparing activity.Item Phytochemical and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) Stem Bark in Rats and Mice(Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), National Secretariat, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,, 2017) Usman, Sukurat; Agunu, AbdulKareem; Atunwa, Soliu; Hassan, Seun; Sowemimo, Abimbola; Salawu, KayodeBackground: Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) is a flowering plant used traditionally for the treatment of various disease conditions including hepatitis, dysentery, piles, edema, fever, gastritis, as aphrodisiac, applied to sprains and as a cleanser for washing sores. The aim of the work was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of T. macroptera stem bark. Material and Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification was carried out on the extract using standard phytochemical methods. The ethanol stem bark extract was screened using the carrageenan induced rat paw edema model, and xylene induced edema model in mice at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses orally. Lorke’s method was used to study the acute oral toxicity effect. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract were 164.8±10.37 (GAE/g of dried extract mg/g) and 193.6±6.37 (QE mg/g) respectively. The result showed that the extract produced a significant (p<0.05) dose independent inhibition with the maximum inhibition (89.93%) observed at 30 minutes at 50 mg/kg in the carrageenan induced edema and (49.5%) at 400 mg/kg in xylene induced models. No toxic effect was observed at 4.0g/kg of the extract in rats. Conclusion: The study showed that the ethanol stem bark extract is a good source of various phytochemicals that could be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory activity of the plant.Item Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies of crude ethanolic extract and flavonoid of Carissa edulis leaves(International Journal of Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2015-03-28) Hajare, Ibrahi; Williams, Felicia; Salawu, Kayode; Usman, AfinikiCarissa edulis is used traditionally in Nigeria for the treatment of epilepsy, headache, syphilis, rheumatism and sickle cell anaemia. In this study, phytochemical screening was conducted to determine putative active components of Carissa edulis, as well as acute toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract and flavoniod fractions of the leaf. The phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the leaves indicated the presence of carbohydrates, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Acute toxicity studies for the ethanolic extract and the flavonoid fraction were carried out using Lorke’s method. In the first part of the experiment (phase A), Three groups of mice (n=3 in each group) were intraperitoneally given 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of body weight concentration of the ethanolic extract and the mice were observed for 24 hours. The same procedure was repeated for the flavonoid fraction. The results showed that administration of 1000 mg/Kg concentrations of the ethanolic extract was fatal, while no death was recorded at the same concentration of flavonoid fraction. On this basis, in the second part of the study (phase B), mice were intraperitoneally administered 600 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 1600 mg/kg and 2900 mg/kg concentration of the ethanolic extract while those for the flavonoid fraction had 1200 mg/kg, 1600 mg/kg, 2900 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg flavonoid fraction. All mice were observed for 24 hours. The LD50 of the ethanolic extract and flavonoid fraction of the Carissa edulis leaves was 2154.1 mg/kg which is said to be slightly toxic. The maximum tolerated doses for both ethanolic extract and flavonoid fraction of Carissa edulis was 646.23mg/kg. The findings revealed that the leaves of Carissa edulis contain carbohydrates, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids that may contribute to its reported medicinal value. The acute toxicity studies suggest that the extract and fraction are slightly toxic. Thus further studies are necessary for full characterization of the active components in order to develop it further for safe medicinal use.Item Phytochemical, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Analysis of the Ethylacetate fraction of Paullinia pinnata leaf L. (Sapindaceae).(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2018-05) Aiyelero, Modinat; Salawu, Kayode; Yaro, Ah; Enape, OJ; Usman, SukuratPaullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae) is commonly called sweet gum (English). Traditionally various parts of P. pinnata is used in the management of various diseases including chronic arthritis rheumatic pain. Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of P. Pinnata leaf showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinone, steroidal terpenoids and carbohydrates only and it was also observed to be non-toxic with LD50 of 1264.9 mg/kg. The fraction displayed significant analgesic activity (21.45, 35.62 and 92.70 % inhibition at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight respectively) in the formalin induced pain model, whereas ketoprofen had a 28.32 % inhibition of pain. In acetic acid induced writhing model the fraction also displayed significant analgesic activity between 70.03 to 100 % inhibition of the contraction of the abdominal muscle and stretching of the hind limbs at a dose of 75 to 300 mg/kg body weight respectively, where ketoprofen had a 76.60 % inhibition. The fraction had significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw oedema model with maximum activity up to three hours (60.0 % at first hour, 47.47 % at second hour, 65.38 % at third hour and 63 % at fourth hour) at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. Pinnata leaf poses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.Item RADICAL SCAVENGING AND CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF EIGHT EXTRACTS OF CITRUS LIMON AND CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA(Nigerian Journal of Natural Product and Medicines, 2016) Ajaiyeoba, Edith; Salawu, Kayode; Ogbole, OmonikeCancer is a global cause of death characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and spread of abnormal cells. Eight extracts composed of the leaf, stem bark, seeds and juice of each of Citrus limon and C. aurantifolia were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assay using DPPH, brine shrimp lethality bioassay of 28.2±0.11 and 47.2±0.39 µg/mL, respectively and displayed better radical scavenging activity compared to the other extracts, Ascorbic acid, the reference drug, had an IC of 9.2±0.14 µg/mL. Citrus limon stem bark 50 =10.0±0.33 = 5.0±0.74 µg/mL 50 50 =98.76±0.15 µg/mL 50 =4.02±2.85 µg/mL, CC 50 =5.45±2.8 µg/mL =2.23±0.14 µg/ mL, CC =2.66±0.8 µg/mL 50 50 50 50