Browsing by Author "Owoyele, B.V."
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Item Amelioration of haematological alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula.(Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria, 2018) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu, M.T.; Bilamin, S.Objectives: This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula on some haematological parameters, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups (A-F). such that A was the control non-diabetic, B was the diabetic that received distilled water, C was the diabetic group treated with 2.5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide while animals in groups D-F were made diabetic and treated with different doses (28.57, 57.14 and 114.28 mg/kg body weight) of the extract for 28 days. Results: Packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and platelets count were decreased in diabetic untreated rats, but administration of the extract significantly increased (p<0.05) these values. Treatment with aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula also increased the resistance of erythrocytes to lysis as evidenced by the median mean corpuscular fragility (MCF50) of 0.72% in diabetic rats and 0.58%, 0.57% and 0.58% after administration of the extract. Similarly, treatment with aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula decreased the elevated Malondialdehyde level (p<0.05) of diabetic rats. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly in the extract-treated groups and these compared favourably with the control non-diabetic and glibenclamide-treated groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that the extract might improve the diabetic-induced disturbances of some haematological parameters by reducing lipid peroxide level and susceptibility of red blood cells to haemolysis.Item Androgenic Effects of Aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera in Male Wistar Rats(Published by School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua, New Guinea, 2022) Ayinla M.T; Muhammad, A.S.; Ayinde, T.O.; Ojulari, L.S.; Owoyele, B.V.; Asuku, A.O.; Adebisi, R.O.; Badmus, O.A.; Krishnamurthy, R.Androgenic effects of Aqueous Seed-extract of Moringa oleifera (ASMO) in male Wistar rats were investigated. Eighteen (18) male Wistar rats weighing 200-240g were used for this study. The rats were divided into three (3) groups: Control (Group 1) that received 10 ml/kg of normal saline, Group 2: received low dose of ASMO (200mg/kg), and Group 3: received high dose of ASMO (500mg/kg). The animals were treated for twenty-eight days. On the 29th day, the rats were sacrificed and the testes were carefully removed for semen and biochemical analysis. Body weight, reproductive and vital organ weights were determined. Sperm parameters (motility, morphology, count and viability), tissue testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase were also determined using standard methods. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan new multiple range post hoc test. The result showed ASMO significantly increased (p<0.05) the final body weight, weight of reproductive and vital organs. Moreover, 200mg/kg body weight dose of ASMO significantly increased (p<0.05) the sperm parameters but 500mg/kg body weight dose significantly decreased it. ASMO also caused a significant dose dependent increase (p<0.05) in testosterone and catalase level but a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MDA and LH level compared with the control. In conclusion, this study revealed that ASMO has androgenic effects in male rats and thus provides a basis for the traditional use of Moringa oleifera in the management of male sexual disorders.Item Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of Senna fistula leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2014) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu, M.T.Abstract: This study aims at evaluating the antidiabetic effect of chronic administration of agueous extract of Senna fistula leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty albino rats (110-140 g) were randomized into 6 groups (A-F) Animals in Group A was the non-diabetic control group, B was the diabetic that received distilled water, C was the diabetic animals treated with 2.5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide while animals in groups D, E and F were made diabetic and treated with different doses (28.57,57.14 and 114.28 mg/kg body weight) of the extract for 28 days. The results showed that the blood glucose level of diabetic rats were significantly and progressively reduced in the extract and glibenclamide treated animals when compared with the diabetic animals that received distilled water. The urine glucose and ketones which were detected in diabetic animals treated with distilled water disappeared in the extract treated animals comparable to the diabetic animals that received the reference drug.Also there was significant reduction in the postprandial blood glucose of diabetic treated animals when compared with diabetic animals that were administered distilled water throughout the exposure period. Furthermore, the level of albumin was normalized by the extract in a manner similar to those treated with glibenclamide. The significant increases in plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and urea in the diabetic animals that received distilled water were reverted back to their respective control values by the extract. The high density lipoprotein was significantly different in all the treated animals. It can therefore be concluded that the oral administration of aqueous extract of Senna fistula leaves possess antihyperglycemic activity and it is also effective in controlling some metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes.Item Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory constituents of leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale L. in animal models(Elsevier Limited, Oxford, UK, for Shanghai Association of Integrative Medicine and Shanghai Changhai Hospital, China., 2017) Awakan, J.O.; Malomo, S.O.; Adejare, A.A.; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Atolani, O.; Adebayo, A.H.; Owoyele, B.V.Objective: Anacardium occidentale L. leaf is useful in the treatment of inflammation and asthma, but the bioactive constituents responsible for these activities have not been characterized. Therefore, this study was aimed at identifying the bioactive constituent(s) of A. occidentale ethanolic leaf extract (AOEL) and its solvent-soluble portions, and evaluating their effects on histamine-induced paw edema and bronchoconstriction. Methods: The bronchodilatory effect was determined by measuring the percentage protection provided by plant extracts in the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction model in guinea pigs. The antiinflammatory effect of the extracts on histamine-induced paw edema in rats was determined by measuring the increase in paw diameter, after which the percent edema inhibition was calculated. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the bioactive constituents. Column chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used respectively to isolate and characterize the constituents. The bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated bioactive constituent were evaluated. Results: Histamine induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pigs and edema in the rat paw. AOEL, hexane-soluble portion of AOEL, ethyl acetate-soluble portion of AOEL, and chloroform-soluble portion of AOEL significantly increased bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities (P < 0.05). Oleamide (9-octadecenamide) was identified as the most abundant compound in the extracts and was isolated. Oleamide significantly increased bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities by 32.97% and 98.41%, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that oleamide is one of the bioactive constituents responsible for the bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity of A. occidentale leaf, and can therefore be employed in the management of bronchoconstriction and inflammation.Item Antihyperglyceamic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats(School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu, M.T.; Biliamin, S.A.This study investigated antihyperglycemic effects of chronic administration of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Thirty rats were randomly assigned into six groups (A-F). Animals in group A were the control non-diabetic, in group B were diabetic and received distilled water, in group C were diabetic, treated with 2.5 mg/kg body weight of Glibenclamide, while animals in groups D, E and F were diabetic treated with 28.57, 57.14 and 114.28 mg/kg body weight respectively of aqueous leaf extract of Senna fistula for 28 days. At the end of 28 days blood samples were collected for the assay of Insulin, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione Peroxidase in serum and liver Glycogen. The result showed that the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats were significantly reduced in the extract and Glibenclamide treated animals when compared with diabetic rats that received distilled water. Similarly, there was a significant increase in serum Insulin level, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase activities and liver glycogen in the extract and Glibenclamide treated diabetic groups when compared with diabetic untreated group. The results indicated that oral administration of aqueous extract of Senna fistula has antihyperglycemic effect by stimulating Insulin secretion and activating antioxidant enzymes.Item Antinociceptive effects of lead acetate in sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model of peripheral neuropathy in male wistar rats.(Springer on behalf of German Society of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT)., 2021) Owoyele, B.V.; Bakare, A.O.; Ayinla, M.T.; Adeshina, K.A.; Onietan, D.; Azeez, S.O.The toxicological effects of lead and its compounds have overshadowed its possible health beneficial effects. Currently, the success rate for treating neuropathic pain has been very low. This study investigated the antinociceptive effects of orally administered low dose lead acetate in sciatic nerve ligated Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups were used for this study. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) was used to induce neuropathic pain in Wistar rats. Allodynic and hyperalgesic signs were investigated using von Frey filaments and hotplate, respectively. Morris water maze test was used to assess the memory functions of the rats. The study revealed that oral administration of low-dose lead acetate significantly (p < 0.05) increased pain thresholds of ligated rats. CCI enhanced memory function in Wistar rats which was significantly decreased following lead acetate administration. The findings suggest that lead acetate possesses antinociceptive effects in peripherally induced neuropathic pain model in Wistar rats.Item Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cola Acuminata (Malvaceae) Modulates Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Scopolamine-induced Memory Impairment in Male Wistar Rats.(The Society for Experimental Biology of Nigeria,, 2022) Ayinla M.T; Asuku, A.O.; Bangwai, T. B.; Owoyele, B.V.This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cola acuminata (ALECA) on cholinergic neurotransmission in scopolamine-induced rat model of memory impairment. A total of thirty-five male Wistar rats (178 12.32 g) were allotted into 7 groups (I–VII) at random as follows: I: control, received 5ml/kg body weight (body wt) of distilled water, II: received scopolamine alone (3mg/kg body wt), III: received Donepezil (2mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), IV: received Cola acuminata (50mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), V: received Cola acuminata, (100mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), VI: received Cola acuminata (300mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt), VII: received Cola acuminata (400mg/kg body wt) plus scopolamine (3mg/kg body wt) for seven days. ALECA and distilled water were orally administered daily while scopolamine was injected intraperitoneally daily for seven days. Behavioural test were conducted using Morris water maze, light and dark box to assess learning and memory. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the brain was assayed using Ellman’s method. Scopolamine caused a significant impairment in memory through decreased probing frequency and increase in escape latency time (memory index) in Light and Dark Box and Morris Water Maze respectively. Treatment with different doses of ALECA prevented cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine through increased probing frequency and decrease in escape latency time. However, this effect is not dose dependent and it compares favourably with the donepezil group (reference drug) The mechanism of action of ALECA was also investigated through estimation of brain Acetylcholine esterase. We found that the brain’s acetylcholinesterase activity significantly increased in response to scopolamine. While a significant (p<0.05) decline in acetylcholinesterase activity was seen after treatment with ALECA., and this effect compares favourably with donepezil group. The effect of ALECA is also not dose dependent. This study concludes that ALECA treatment could improve memory function in scopolamine-induced model of dementia through the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity.Item Cola acuminata mitigates cognitive deficit and oxidative stress in mercury chloride-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats(The Neuroscience Society of Nigeria., 2023) Asuku, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Olajide, T. S.; Yakub, Z.; Owoyele, B.V.Cola acuminata is used in traditional medicine for the management of memory impairment and other neurodegenerative conditions. This study investigated the effects of Cola acuminata aqueous leaves extract (ALECA) on mercury chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 160 and 210 g were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5). The control group received 0.5 mL of distilled water; the mercury chloride (HgCl2) group received HgCl2 (5 mg/kg b.w.); the ALECA100 and ALECA300 groups received ALECA (100 and 300 mg/kg b.w., respectively), followed by the administration of HgCl2 (5 mg/kg b.w.) for two weeks. The rats were subjected to behavioural tests in the Morris water maze and light and dark field box. The rats were then sacrificed to obtain their brains, which were homogenized for biochemical assays of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein (TP), and glutathione (GSH) using standard methods. The results revealed a significant increase in escape latency, a significant decrease in probing frequency and brain GSH, and a significant (p<0.05) increase in brain MDA and TP levels and AChE activity in the rats exposed to HgCl2. However, administration of either 100 or 300 mg/kg ALECA protected against memory impairment with a significantly reduced escape latency, increased probing frequency and brain GSH, and decreased (p<0.05) MDA, TP and AChE. This study concludes that ALECA mitigated HgCl2- induced neurotoxicity via reduction of oxidative stress and enhanced cholinergic functions.Item Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Senna fistula on some Haematological parameters, lipid profile and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2015) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Yakubu M.T.Summary: Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes mellitus. The disease is also known to adversely affect some haematological parameters and cause dyslipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the effectof chronic administration of ethanolic leave extract of Senna fistula on haematological values, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in experimental diabetic rats. Twenty-four albino rats weighing 120-150 g were divided into 4 experimental groups of six ratseach; control, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with glibenclamide and diabetic treated with 100 mg/kg b.w of Senna fistula. Diabetes was inducedby 100 mg/kg b.w. of alloxan monohydrates. The control and diabetic groups received normal saline while the diabetic treated groups were administered with 5mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide and ethanolic leaves extract of Senna fistula respectively for 28 days. At the end of experimental period blood samples were taken from the animals for the determination of Red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), marker of lipid peroxidation. The result showed that in diabetic rats, PCV, RBC and Hb were decreased but the application of the extract increased the parameters (P<0.05, n=6). Similarly,the result showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, TG and LDL level of the diabetic group when compared with the control, glibenclamide and extract treated diabetic groups, however, there was no significant difference in HDL level in all the groups. The result also showed a significant decrease inelevated MDA (P<0.05, n=6) of diabetic treated rats. These findings suggest that ethanolic leaves extractof Senna fistula might improvethe diabetic induced disturbances of some haematological parameters, reduces the plasma lipid imbalances and decreases the production of free radicals associated with diabetes.Item Effect of Ethylacetate leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia on Memory in Scopolamine-induced Dementia Rats(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Uthman, Y.; Bayo-Olugbami, A.; Oyewole, A.L.; Owoyele, B.V.Lipid peroxidation, reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activities and increased DNA damage resulting from generation of free radicals, consequently leading to oxidative stress, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the widely reported anti-oxidative properties of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC), this study evaluated the effects of ethylacetate leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (ELEOG), Momordica charantia (ELEMC) or both ELEOG/MC in scopolamine-induced dementia in rat model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 110-120g were randomly distributed into five groups: Control (5ml/kg DMSO, p.o), Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.); while the test groups were pretreated orally with ELEOG (400 mg/kg), ELEMC (400 mg/kg), and a combination of ELEOG/MC (400 mg/kg each) daily for 15 consecutive days. Amnesia was induced in all groups except the control by a single injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 15th day following which the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess short-term spatial memory function. Also, biochemical characterization of the brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were made. Scopolamine-treated rats with no intervention showed impaired learning and memory, as depicted by increase in escape latency, increased MDA, and decreased GSH level. Intervention with ELEOG, ELEMC or combine form ELEOG/MC decreased the escape latency, reduced MDA level and increased GSH level. These findings show the neuroprotective efficacy of OG and MC, especially the combined form in attenuating cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced dementia by modulating the oxidative stress pathway.Item Effects of n-Hexane Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia Leaves on Learning and Memory in Scopolamine-induced Rat Model of Dementia(Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Fajemidagba, G.A.; Oyewole, A.L.Objective: Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are being used to improve memory in people with dementia, but adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs coupled with cost have limited their use, hence the need to explore options in medicinal plants for the treatment of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the memory restorative effects of n-hexane extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC) in scopolamine-induced dementia in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six treatment groups as follows: Control, Scopolamine only (1 mg/kg b.w), Donepezil (2 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w), OG (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w), MC (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w) and co-administration of OG and MC (400 mg/kg b.w each) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w). The animals were treated for 15 days. Morris water maze, light and dark box test were conducted to evaluate learning and memory. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities were also assessed using thiobarbituric acid procedure and Ellman method respectively. Results: The result showed a significant reduction in escape latency, MDA level, AchE activity and a significant increase in the probing frequency in OG + scopolamine; MC + scopolamine and OG, MC + scopolamine treated groups when compared to the scopolamine only group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the escape latency, MDA, AchE activity and probing frequency between the extracts treated groups and donepenzil group. Conclusion: The study concludes that n-hexane leaves extracts of OG and MC have the ability to restore memory impairment induced by scopolamine.Item Gastro-protective Effects of Honey in Male Wistar Rats(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2021) Owoyele, B.V.; Ayinla M.T; , Esan, A.A.; Bayo-Olugbami, A.Honey is consumed as food and also used in the treatments of ailment. However, honey of various types exhibit varying properties. Their therapeutic effects are determined by whether the honey is multifloral or monofloral, and also on the variety of nectars the honey is derived from. Manuka and Tualang types of honey were observed to possess anti-ulcer effects. However, no such report is available for University of Ilorin honey. This study therefore aimed to determine the gastroprotective effects of University of Ilorin honey in Wistar rats using two laboratory models for inducing ulcer (HCl/Ethanol and Indomethacin). Twenty rats each were assigned to four groups for each model of ulcer. The rats were treated for 12 days with the administration of distilled water (control), cimetidine (100 mg/kg b.w.) and University of Ilorin honey (250 mg/kg b.w. in one group and 1000 mg/kg b.w in another group). The rats were fasted for 24 hours after the last treatment. Then, the ulcerogens were given orally. After four hours, the rats were sacrificed, gastric juice was collected and the stomachs were examined for ulceration. The results revealed that pre-treatment with University of Ilorin honey reduced gastric index from 6.80±0.20 (1000 mg/kg b.w. to 2.40±0.24 (control) P<0.05 and 7.20±0.37 (1000 mg/kg b.w.) to 3.20±0.37 (control) P<0.05 in HCl/Ethanol and indomethacin induced ulcer models respectively. There was no significant difference in ulcer index between the cimetidine administered rats and the honey administered group (1000 mg/kg bw.), but the honey group (250 mg/kg bw.) was less effective than the cimetidine group in the models used. Also, there were no changes in gastric acidity in all the groups compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results showed that University of Ilorin honey has protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract which is not due to alteration of gastric acidity.Item Glucose absorption in the intestine of albino rats.(De Gruyter., 2016) Olalubi A.O.; Owoyele, B.V.; Ayinla M.T; Akintunde J.K.Background: The ability to absorb substances from the external environment is one of the features that make animals different from inanimate objects. In mammalian species, this quality is mainly the role of the small intestine. The process of absorption mainly takes place in the small intestine. This study was carried out to investigate the rate of glucose absorption in the intestine of albino rats and the effect of calcium and ouabain on the rate of glucose absorption. Methods: Albino rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were used for this experiment. Guts were isolated and cut to segments. Test solution was injected into each of the isolated segments, which were then assayed for glucose. Results: The result revealed that the rate of glucose absorption in the intestine of albino rats were found to be 3.02×10−1 g/min at the mucosa-to-serosa surface and 3.00×10−1 g/min at the serosa-to-mucosa surface, indicating that glucose was absorbed at both surfaces and that the rate of glucose absorption was higher in the mucosa-to-serosa direction than in the opposite direction. The rate of intestinal glucose absorption at different regions of the intestine and the effect of varying concentrations of calcium on the rate of glucose absorption revealed that glucose absorption was highest at the duodenum and lowest at the ileum. Conclusions: Ouabain blocked the rate of absorption of glucose in the intestine of albino rats.Item Melatonin and Vitamin C modulate cholinergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress in scopolamine-induced rat model of dementia(African Association of Physiological Sciences, 2020) Ayinla M.T; Asuku, A.O.; Bayo-olugbami, A.; Ayeni, O.A.; Abiola, A.A.; Owoyele, B.V.Background: Cognitive dysfunction which characterizes dementia is reportedly caused by multiple factors including oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, inflammation, alteration in synaptic neurotransmission. Despite the arrays of drugs available in managing dementia, it appears no single drug can effectively treat dementia. Since it is multifactorial, combining potential drugs may provide neuroprotective impact. As such, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and vitamin C on scopolamine model of cognitive impairment in rats and the possible mechanism of action. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided to receive either normal saline (5 ml/kg, p.o), scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), donepezil (2 mg/kg, p.o), melatonin (10 mg/kg, p.o), vitamin C (100 mg/kg. p.o) or melatonin plus vitamin C. Cognitive impairment was induced by daily injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), after which different treatment regimen were administered for 15 days. Spatial memory was assessed using Morris Water Maze and modified light and dark box. The brain was processed for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. Results: Scopolamine-treated rats with no intervention showed impaired learning and memory as depicted by a significant (p<0.05) increase in escape latency, reduction in the frequency of visit to the escape aperture, increased MDA, decreased GSH and elevated acetylcholinesterase activity when compared to other groups. Interventions with melatonin or/and vitamin C reversed these responses respectively. The melatonin plus vitamin C treated group compared favorably with donepezil (reference group). Conclusion: Melatonin and vitamin C show neuroprotective effect in attenuating cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced model by modulating oxidative stress pathway and enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission.Item Secondary metabolites constituents and antibacterial screening of methanolic leaves extract of Senna fistula and Ocimum gratissimum.(2019-01) Ayinla, Maryam Tayo; Adeyemi, Sherif B; Owoyele, B.V.; Krishnamurthy, RamarItem Secondary Metabolites constituents and Antibacterial Screening of Methanolic Leaves Extracts of Senna fistula and Ocimum gratissimum.(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Adeyemi, S.B; Owoyele, B.V.; Krishnamurthy, RThe misuse of antibiotics has contributed largely to the development of resistance strains thereby creating the need for an incessant search and development of newer drugs. This study investigated the secondary metabolites constituents and antibacterial activity of methanolic leaves extracts of Senna fistula (SF) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG). The SF and OG leaves extracts were done using methanol, the phytochemical analysis were done as per standard protocol. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the methanolic leaves extracts of SF and OG contain secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac gylcosides, saponins, phenolic compounds. The antibacterial screening revealed that both Senna fistula and Ocimum gratissimum exhibited strong inhibitory activity against all the tested organisms. Methanolic leaf extract of SF has a stronger antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition of 19.5mm against E coli and 31.5 mm against Klebsiella than methanolic leaf extract of OG (18 mm against E coli and 28 mm against Klebsiella) in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the methanolic leaves extracts of Senna fistula and Ocimum gratissimum exhibited antibacterial activity which is due to the presence of various secondary metabolites; therefore this study supports its use as an antibiotic agent.Item The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care.(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2024) Owoyele, B.V.; Ogungbangbe G.O.; Oluwasanmi S.; , Abolarin P.O.; Ayinla M.TSummary:Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a leading role in transmuting the field of healthcare. Numerous aspects of AI have been incorporated into the healthcare delivery system. For instance, in disease diagnosis, the practice of personalised treatment plans and precision medicine are AI-dependent. This review gives a widespread role of AI in healthcare, with a focus on applications, and challenges.Deep brain stimulation, statistical analysis, machine learning, and deep learning are a few examples of AI-powered technologies that have contributed immensely to biomedical research and medical imaging advancement. Moreover, AI algorithms are pivotal in genomics research, easing the identification of genetic markers related to disease vulnerability and treatment reaction, thereby aiding the practice of precision medicine. Apart from diagnosis and treatment strategies, AI assists in healthcare management and resource optimization, along with the discovery and therapy of drugs. Forecasting of disease outbreaks, effective allocation of hospital resources, and management of patient traffic rely mostly on predictive analytics driven by AI. Again, AI-powered virtual health assistance, telemedicine has aided patient appointments and support, giving real-time support and health recommendations. Although AI algorithms provide outstanding breakthroughs in healthcare, AI adoption is cumbered by numerous dares such as monetary concerns, regulatory hurdles, data privacy fears, and ethical considerations associated with AI applications, such as algorithm bias and transparency. Futuristically, AI application in healthcare holds vast potential, such as early disease detection, drug discovery, and optimization of treatment. Concerted efforts targeted at tackling the prevailing challenges and creating holistic controlwould be important to tie together the full potential of AI in rejuvenating the healthcare delivery system.