Browsing by Author "Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat"
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Item Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Uropathogens isolated from pregnant women in selected hospitals in Ilorin(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Published by Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), 2019) Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Aliyu, Abdulmalik; David, M; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola; Diyaolu, AyobamiBackground: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections among pregnant women and if untreated could lead to serious complications. Objective: This work was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of Enterobacteriaceae uropathogens and their antibiotics susceptibility profile among pregnant women attending two ante-natal clinics in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 pregnant women between the ages of 18-50 attending ante-natal clinic at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and Civil Service Hospital, Ilorin participated in the study. Mid-stream urine samples were collected and cultured on Cysteine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient agar. Presence of significant bacteriuria (> 105 cfu/mL) was determined using the plate count method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results: Of the 111 urine samples collected, 27.9% of them were found positive on culture. Among the isolated organisms, Klebsiella oxytoca (25.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (22.9%), were the most prevalent. Isolated bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic with the highest resistance seen with amoxicillin (94.3%), streptomycin (77.1%) and nitrofurantoin (54. 3%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (51.4%), ceftriaxone (51.4%), ceftazidime (34.3%), cotrimoxazole (51.4%), imipenem (2.9%), ciprofloxacin (14.3%) and gentamicin (25.7%) have the lowest rate of bacteria resistance. Of the isolates, 82.9% showed Multi-Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) ≥ 0.3. Conclusion: High prevalence of bacteriuria in both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women was observed in the study areas. The alarming rate of multi-antibiotic resistance strain is therefore an indicator of a serious clinical problem in the community.Item Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Uropathogens Isolated from Pregnant Women in Selected Hospitals in Ilorin(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019-06) Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Aliyu, Abdulmalik; David, Mosebolatan Susan; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola T.; Diyaolu, Ayobami HassanBackground: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections among pregnant women and if untreated could lead to serious complications. Objective: This work was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of Enterobacteriaceae uropathogens and their antibiotics susceptibility profile among pregnant women attending two ante-natal clinics in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 pregnant women between the ages of 18-50 attending ante-natal clinic at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and Civil Service Hospital, Ilorin participated in the study. Mid-stream urine samples were collected and cultured on Cysteine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient agar. Presence of significant bacteriuria (> 105 cfu/mL) was determined using the plate count method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results: Of the 111 urine samples collected, 27.9% of them were found positive on culture. Among the isolated organisms, Klebsiella oxytoca (25.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (22.9%), were the most prevalent. Isolated bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic with the highest resistance seen with amoxicillin (94.3%), streptomycin (77.1%) and nitrofurantoin (54. 3%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (51.4%), ceftriaxone (51.4%), ceftazidime (34.3%), cotrimoxazole (51.4%), imipenem (2.9%), ciprofloxacin (14.3%) and gentamicin (25.7%) have the lowest rate of bacteria resistance. Of the isolates, 82.9% showed Multi-Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) ≥ 0.3. Conclusion: High prevalence of bacteriuria in both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women was observed in the study areas. The alarming rate of multi-antibiotic resistance strain is therefore an indicator of a serious clinical problem in the community.Item Biofilm Detection and Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates from In-patients with Urinary Tract Infection in a Tertiary Hospital(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Development and Practice., 2018-12) Aliyu, Abdulmalik; Bello, Ronke; David, Susan; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Salami, Omatseye; Itodo, Ene; Kola- Mustapha, AdeolaA survey for the detection of biofilms amongst uropathogens was conducted in a Medical ward of a Tertiary hospital in Ilorin, Kwara State. This was done to determine the prevalence of biofilm producing uropathogens among patients with CA-UTI (Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection) using MTP (microtitre plate) method. Effect of media variations in the production of biofilms and the antibiogram pattern of the isolates were also determined. Out of the 50 urine samples collected and analyzed, 27 (54.0 %) yielded growth and 28 isolates were identified. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent (42.9 %), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (35.7 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the least (21.4 %). A total of 59. 3 % of the isolates were resistant to various antibiotics used and 39.3 % of the isolates were found to be multiple antibiotic resistant. Of the 28 uropathogens isolated, 21 (75.0 %) were biofilm formers comprising of 17.9 % high biofilm formers and 57.1 % of moderate biofilm formers while 25.0 % did not form biofilm in BHIsuc. High biofilm formation was observed in Staphylococcus aureus. There was variation in biofilm formation with different media as more isolates (75. 0 %) produced biofilm in BHIsuc than in TSBglu (67.9 %). Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have potential of biofilm production which could lead to relapse of disease condition and eventually treatment failure in CA-UTI.Item CHARACTERIZATION, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF A HERBAL PREPARATION(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019-03) Njinga, Stanislus Ngaitad; Bakare-Odunola, M.T; Mustapha, K.B; Yahaya, T; Shittu, Abiodun; Bello, Ronke Hadiyyah; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olufadi-Ahmed, HaishatHerbal product (HP) (from Ricinus communis and honey) is used locally for the management of inflammatory and inflammation related disorders including asthma. The current study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chemical profile, elemental components, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the HP used for treatment of asthma. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteus reagent and AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The chemo-profiling was done using TLC. Elemental analysis was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Albumin-induced paw oedema model was used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity while agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the HP at different concentrations. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 10.00 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 336.60 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The chemo-profiling showed one spot at 254 nm but none at 366 nm. AAS indicated the presence of K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu and Pb (Cu and Pb were within WHO acceptable limit). The 100 % concentration produced sudden but transient significant reduction in oedema size at 30 minutes. However, at 60 minutes the effect produced at 25 % was comparable to that of Ibuprofen at 20 mg/kg body weight. At 100% concentration HP all the organisms tested were sensitive except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of flavonoids may justify the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities thus validating its use in local treatment of AsthmaItem Evaluation of anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Turraea vogelli Hook. f. ex. Benth(Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019-01) Ayanniyi, Rashidat; Ojuade, Fatimoh; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah; Salawu, Kayode; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Adebisi-jose, GbemisolaAbstract : The leaf extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth . is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and inflammation. Anti nociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid induced mouse writhing model. The anti inflammatory activity was investigated using in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) denat uration assay and BSA induced hind paw edema in rats. The extract (125 500 mg/kg) administered via the oral route produced a significant ( p <0.005) inhibition of acetic acid induced writhes. The percent inhibition of writhes for extract (500 mg/kg) and dicl ofenac (1 0 mg/kg) was 53.3 and 59.5% respectively. The methanol extract (10 6 1.0 µg /mL) inhibited protein denaturation with IC 50 values of ( 1.06 × 10 3 µg/mL and 2.58 × 10 3 µg/mL) for extract and diclofenac respectively. Furthermore, the leaf extract (62. 5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited BSA induced paw edema in rats. The methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii has anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities. These findings justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management o f pain and inflammation.Item Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Turraea vogelli Hook. f. ex. Benth(Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Scences, 2019-01) Ayanniyi, R.O; Ojuade, F.I; Olumoh-Abdul, H.A; Salawu, M.K; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Adebisi-Jose, O. GbemisolaThe leaf extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth. is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and inflammation. Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid-induced mouse writhing model. The antiinflammatory activity was investigated using in-vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay and BSA-induced hind paw edema in rats. The extract (125-500 mg/kg) administered via the oral route produced a significant (p<0.005) inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhes. The percent inhibition of writhes for extract (500 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg) was 53.3 and 59.5% respectively. The methanol extract (10-6 -1.0 µg/mL) inhibited protein denaturation with IC50values of (1.06 × 10-3 µg/mL and 2.58 × 10-3 µg/mL) for extract and diclofenac respectively. Furthermore, the leaf extract (62.5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited BSA-induced paw edema in rats. The methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management of pain and inflammation.Item Evaluation of Anti-nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Leaf Extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth.(Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, 2019) Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Ojuade, Fatimoh; Abdul-Olumoh, Hidayah; Salawu, Kayode; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Adebesi-Jose, GbemisolaThe leaf extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth . is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and inflammation. Anti nociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid induced mouse writhing model. The antiinflammatory activity was investigated using in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay and BSA induced hind paw edema in rats. The extract (125 500 mg/kg) administered via the oral route produced a significant ( p <0.005) inhibition of acetic acid induced writhes. The percent inhibition of writhes for extract (500 mg/kg) and dicl ofenac (10mg/kg) was 53.3 and 59.5% respectively. The methanol extract (10 6 1.0 µg /mL) inhibited protein denaturation with IC 50 values of ( 1.06 × 10 3 µg/mL and 2.58 × 10 3 µg/mL) for extract and diclofenac respectively. Furthermore, the leaf extract (62. 5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited BSA induced paw edema in rats. The methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii has anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities. These findings justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management o f pain and inflammation.Item Plasmid Profile of Multidrug Resistant Isolates from Water and Fish(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Development and Practice., 2018-12) Aliyu, Abdulmalik; Ibrahim, Yakubu; Oyi, A.R; David, Susan; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Bello, RonkePlasmids are extrachromosomal genetic material that can replicate independently and usually harbour antibiotic resistance genes. This study evaluated the presence and sizes of plasmid from multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) isolates from water and fish using acridine orange as a plasmid curing agent. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acridine orange to the 22 MAR ranged between 0.625 – 5.0 mg/mL. Majority (86.4 %) of the MAR isolates lost their resistant and became susceptible to more antibiotics indicating that their resistance was plasmid encoded. As much as 68.4 % of the isolates had one or more plasmid bands with sizes varying from 1.0 -3.0 kbp. The presence of plasmids - carrying MAR isolates in fish and river may heighten the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to the environment which will pose a serious threat to the human health.Item Preliminary phytochemical screening and Antioxidant Property of Leaf and twig Extracts of Turraea Vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth (Meliaceae)(Journal of pharmaceutical research, development and practice, University of Ilorin, 2019-04) Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Idowu, P.A.This study investigated the phytochemical constituents by screening the pulverized plant material and the antioxidant potential of the extract of the leaves and twigs of Turraea vogelii. The crude powdered leaves and twigs of the plant were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The ethyl acetate extract of the leaves and twigs as well as the methanolic extract of the twigs were subjected to antioxidant activity studies using 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, catalase activity assay as well as lipid peroxidation activity. The result of phytochemical screening of the crude powdered leaves and twigs of Turraea vogelii revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars and alkaloid in the leaves while the twigs contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars and steroids. The results of the DPPH Radical Scavenging activity studies revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of Turraea vogelii twigs has an IC50 of 444μg/ml which was closest to the activity of the reference measured at 409μg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction of the twigs showed the most promising lipid peroxidation inhibition activity with an MDA concentration of 9.595mMol/g FW when compared with the standard. The catalase enzyme concentration responsible for the mop up of hydrogen peroxide per minute was highest in the methanol extract of twigs at 0.038mMolmin-1g-1. The implication of this study suggests that the twigs of Turraea vogelii has note-worthy phytochemical principles and also has a good natural antioxidant source that may be indicated in the treatment and management of diseases associated with oxidative stress.