Browsing by Author "Ojulari L.S."
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Item A new model for alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats(Bangladesh Society of Physiologists, 2019) Ojulari L.S.; Oladeru O.O.; Ayinde T.O.; Kadir R.E.; Dangana O.E.; Alade I.O.Background:Alloxan is widely used to induce experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) in animals with different grades of disease severity by varying the dose of Alloxan used. This method has however be questioned by recent research work as an appropriate technique for the induction of diabetes. Objective: To provide a simple, yet concise and reproducible experimental procedure and model for Alloxan-induced DM in rats. Methods: The study was divided into 2 separate experiments. Experiment 1: Alloxan was administered, into four subgroups each (group 1- 100 mg of Alloxan /kg of rat body weight, group 2- 120 mg/kg, group 3- 150 mg/kg, and group 4- 170 mg/kg); in each subgroup, the dose of Alloxan was administered at different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml) in groups of 10 rats each. The pre-induction fasting period was also varied between groups. Experiment 2:Following a pre-induction fasting period of 36 hours, animals received 150 mg Alloxan /kg body weight and at a concentration of 20 mg Alloxan/ ml. Result:Alloxan administered intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg of rat body weight, at 20 mg/ml and following a pre-induction fast period of 36 hours yielded the most favorably conditions with the least recorded mortality. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that alloxan is a diabetogenic drug with a strict protocol of use in inducing a predictable DM in rats and as such, this model is a standard and reproducible technique for the induction of DM in experimental rats.Item Altered testicular histomorphometric and antioxidant levels following in vivo Bisphenol-A administration(School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2021) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Gegele T.A.; Lawal I.A.; Sulu-Gambari L.; Sulaimon F.A.; Omotoso G.O.Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a pervasive environmental toxin that is used in the production processes of many consumables and equipment that are in daily application. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of BPA on the structural and functional integrity of the reproductive system in male Wistar rats and its interaction with melatonin. Methods: Adult female rats in pro-estrus phases were mated with adult male rats and the conception determined. The male pups were divided into two groups of A and B. These groups were further subdivided into six subgroups each. They were administered varying low doses of BPA (25 or 50mg/kg) and melatonin (10mg/kg) at neonatal and adolescent ages. The testes, epididymis and blood samples were collected for histological, semen and biochemical investigations, respectively. Results: The results show that BPA caused histological alterations, reduced quality and quantity of sperm cells, and induced oxidative stress at birth and adolescence. Conclusion: Bisphenol A exposure, even at low dose, is toxic to the male reproductive system, and melatonin administration did not significantly improve the alterations caused by the BPAItem Comparative Analysis of Handgrip Strength and Urine C-Peptide Creatinine Ratio as Biomarkers for Glucose Regulation in Young Adult Females in the University of Ilorin: A Cross-Sectional Study(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2023) Ojulari L.S.; Sulaiman S.E.; Ayinde T.O.; Kadir E.R.; Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar H.O.; Sulaiman H.Handgrip strength (HGS) is a robust biomarker predicting future disability, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) emerges as a novel, non-invasive tool under exploration for assessing beta cell function and glucose regulation. Despite their significance in gauging muscle strength, mass, and overall metabolic function, gaps remain in understanding the full extent of handgrip strength and UCPCR's efficiency. This study aimed to identify a better biomarker for glucose regulation by studying the relationship between handgrip strength, urine c-peptide creatinine ratio, and blood glucose levels in adult females. Using ELISA, the study measured handgrip strength, blood glucose levels, and urine samples. Social demographic data was obtained through standard questionnaires, and statistical analysis was done using IBM 25 SPSS software with Pearson's correlation, linear regression at P=< 0.05, and T-test. The study found that handgrip strength (HGS) had a slight non-significant positive correlation with fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P=0.386). However, there was a significant correlation between HGS and 2 hours postprandial glucose (2HPG) in both dominant and non-dominant hands (P= 0.045 vs P= 0.017). Additionally, the study found that handgrip strength in the dominant hand was significantly stronger than that in the non-dominant hand (P= 0.001). On the other hand, the urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) had no significant correlations with FBS and 2HPG. Handgrip strength measurements provide an indicative approach for glucose regulation and are a better biomarker for blood glucose regulation than UCPCRItem Comparative oestrogenic effects of Allium sativum and Allium cepa in ovariectomised rats(Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2022) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Lawal I.A.; Sulu-Gambari L.; Hussein A/; Hamza A.; Aliagan I.A.; Oyewole L.A.Oestrogens are steroid hormones that influence the growth, differentiation, and functioning of many target organs, including the male and female reproductive organs. Menopause, an important sign of aging in women is characterized by oestrogen depletion, which is associated with many menopausal problems. Oestrogen supplements that are mostly used are not readily safe and have been reported to cause serious health hazards Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that are essentially correspondent to oestradiol (17-β oestradiol) and can relate with oestrogen receptors to elevate and/or prohibit oestrogenic responses. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible therapeutic efficacy of Allium sativum and Allium cepa on oestrogenic activities of adult ovariectomised wistar rats. Adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized, then administered various doses of the extracts for 28days, then sacrificed and tissues harvested for analysis. Results shows Allium cepa and quercetin to increase endometrial thickness, increase neural cells in synaptophysin stained cells of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. A conclusion of Allium cepa possessing similar estrogenic properties as estradiol group in these ovariectomized rats was drawn, which can offer some ameliorative effects of estrogen deficiency.Item Comparative oestrogenic effects of Allium sativum and Allium cepa in ovariectomised rats(Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2022) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Lawal I.A.; Sulu-Gambari L.; Hussein A.; Hamza A.; Aliagan I.A.; Oyewole L.A.Oestrogens are steroid hormones that influence the growth, differentiation, and functioning of many target organs, including the male and female reproductive organs. Menopause, an important sign of aging in women is characterized by oestrogen depletion, which is associated with many menopausal problems. Oestrogen supplements that are mostly used are not readily safe and have been reported to cause serious health hazards Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that are essentially correspondent to oestradiol (17-β oestradiol) and can relate with oestrogen receptors to elevate and/or prohibit oestrogenic responses. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible therapeutic efficacy of Allium sativum and Allium cepa on oestrogenic activities of adult ovariectomised wistar rats. Adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized, then administered various doses of the extracts for 28days, then sacrificed and tissues harvested for analysis. Results shows Allium cepa and quercetin to increase endometrial thickness, increase neural cells in synaptophysin stained cells of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. A conclusion of Allium cepa possessing similar estrogenic properties as estradiol group in these ovariectomized rats was drawn, which can offer some ameliorative effects of estrogen deficiency.Item Cytoarchitectural differences in reproductive organs of some polycystic ovary-like induced animal models(Elsevier Limited, 2024) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Ojulari L.S.; Hussein A.O.; Lawal I.A.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Ajao M.S.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynaecological, endocrine disorder that occurs during reproductive age and is a significant cause of anovulatory infertility. Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor which negates the action of the aromatase enzyme, which results in the buildup of male hormones (testosterone) in the females, causing hyperandrogenism, which is a hallmark of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Mifepristone (RU486) is a progestin antagonist that acts to arrest the actions of the progesterone hormone, resulting in follicular atresia and anovulation. DHEA is an androgen which was also administered in a bid to cause hyperandrogenism in the rats.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these hormones on the cytoarchitecture of the ovaries and uterus to assess their various PCOS-like histological features.Animals were grouped mainly into three: Letrozole, Mifepristone and DHEA groups, which were further divided into two subgroups each, administered low and high doses of letrozole orally, Mifepristone and Dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA) subcutaneously. Each of the subgroups also had a comparison control group. Following the completion of administration, the Wistar rats were euthanized, and their ovaries and uterus were collected for histological analysis.Increased proliferation of ovarian follicles was noted in the treated groups compared to control, as well as thickening of the endometrial layer.Item Depressive state assessment of pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of university of Ilorin teaching hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.(Anatomical Society of Nigeria., 2025) Jimoh-Abdulgafar H.O.,; Gwadabe S.M.,; Jimoh O.S.,; Bello S.A.,; Onwunali M.N.,; Adeojo A.S.,; Gabriel O.J.,; Bamishe G.A.,; Alabi M.T.,; Afolayan J.A.,; Abubakr M.K.,; Okunnu B.E.,; Isah A.O.,; Lawal A.Z.,; Lawal R.O.,; Ayinla M.T., &; Ojulari L.S.Antenatal depression, with a global prevalence of between 15 and 65%, is a clinical condition characterised by persistent sadness, anxiety, and hopelessness during pregnancy. It is a strong predictor of postpartum depression, and it negatively impacts pregnancy outcomes, maternal-child bonding, and child development. Untreated antenatal depression could lead to an increased risk of obstetric complications, inadequate prenatal care, poor maternal nutrition, substance abuse, and in severe cases, maternal suicide. Despite being a significant global public health concern, antenatal depression is often overlooked in developing countries like Nigeria, both in terms of research and treatment. Consequently, only a few studies are focusing on antenatal depression, resulting in a poor understanding of the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and their associated risk factors. This study aims to fill the gap in knowledge regarding antenatal depression in the Ilorin population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among over 200 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, where participants were administered a battery of questionnaires (ANRQ, PHQ-9, and QIDSS-163) after obtaining informed consent. The results were analysed using. The results showed that the level of education (ANRQ, QIDSS-16), number of live births (QIDSS-16), age, and number of children (PHQ-9) have a positive impact on the risk and severity of antenatal depression in pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at UITH. Age, level of education, number of live births, and number of children are strong predictors of the risk and severity of antenatal depression.Item Evaluating the hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats(I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, 2025) Ojulari L.S.; Njinga N.S.; Ganiyu R.A.; Ayinde T.O.; Kadir E.R.Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa has the potential to manage hyperglycaemia and inflammation while improving antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, it may serve as a natural source or agent for the treatment or prevention of diabetesItem Favourable Pregnancy Outcome following Gliclazide use throughout Pregnancy in Diabetic Female Sprague-Dawley rats(Lagos State University,, 2018) Ojulari L.S.; Kadir R.E.; Abdulazeez F.I.; Olarewaju T.A.; Jimoh-Abdulghaffar H.O.; Adegoke O.A.Item Metformin improves Reproductive Function in Diabetic female Sprague-dawley rats(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2017) Ojulari L.S.; Kadir E.R.; Abdulazeez F.I.; Nafiu A.B.; Adegoke O.A.The female reproductive system provides several functions including ovulation, pregnancy and childbirth. The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide and it is associated with reproductive complications. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug used in the management of DM. The present study investigates the effect of metformin in relation to reproductive function in alloxan-induced diabetic female rats. Rats were divided into four groups. Diabetes was induced with alloxan in the rats followed by a six week treatment with metformin. The pattern of the estrous cycle followed by the ova count were observed and recorded. Plasma hormonal levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Oxidative stress parameters and expression of estrogen receptors in the ovaries were determined. Results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the proestrus and estrus phases, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the diestrus phase in the treated diabetic group. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in the ova count, estrogen receptor expression and plasma hormone levels of catalase and glutathione were observed in all diabetic rats and these were significantly increased (p<0.05) following the administration of metformin. In conclusion, metformin improves some reproductive function in the diabetic state by increasing the expression of estrogen receptors, increasing the number of ova shed during ovulation and conferring foetal and maternal protective effects. Hence more consideration should be given to its possible use in the management of reproductive complications in DM.Item Moringa oleifera attenuates biochemical and histological changes associated with the pancreas in nicotine-treated rats(Research Journal of Health Sciences, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Adunmo G.O.; Ojulari L.S.; Olawuyi T.S.; Lewu F.S. ,; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Sulaimon F.A.; Gbadamosi I.T. ,; Onoja O.P.Objective: The study was undertaken in order to evaluate the beneficial potential of Moringa oleifera, in nicotine-induced pancreatic injury. Method: Forty-five adult female albino rats were divided into 5 groups A-E, each group having nine rats. Group A received normal saline; group B received 6.88 mg/kg of nicotine intraperitoneally (i.p); group C received 6.88 mg/kg of nicotine i.p. and 200 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf powder dissolved in 2 ml of normal saline (orally); group D received 13.76 mg/kg of nicotine i.p., while group E received 13.76 mg/kg of nicotine i.p. and 200 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf powder dissolved in 2 ml of normal saline (orally). Treatment was for 8 days and the rats were sacrificed after 24 hours of termination of study. Intracardial blood specimens were obtained to analyse blood glucose, while the pancreas was excised and either fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for histology or sucrose solution and homogenised for biochemical analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) enzymes. Results: In comparison with the Control, animals treated with low dose of nicotine with or without Moringa oleifera and those treated with high dose of nicotine plus Moringa oleifera had reduction in body weights (p>0.05), while marked reduction in pancreatic weights was noted in low dose nicotine (p<0.05) and both nicotine groups co-treated with Moringa oleifera (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in the levels of blood glucose and pancreatic G-6-PDH levels, while significant reduction occurred in pancreatic LDH levels in nicotine-treated rats (p<0.05). However, LDH improved following co administration with Moringa oleifera. Observation of the histology of the pancreas revealed atrophy of intercalated ducts, poorly delineated and disintegrating islet of Langerhans in animals treated with the higher dose of nicotine, while changes in pancreatic tissue in animals co-treated with Moringa oleifera were not as severe as the nicotine-treated animals. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf decoction minimally ameliorates morphological and biochemical changes associated with nicotine-induced pancreatic damage. Keywords: Nicotine, Pancreatic damage, Moringa oleiferaItem Oestrogenic effects of onion and garlic extracts: Potential alternatives to synthetic oestradiol(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2018) Kadir R.E.; Ibrahim A.; Oderinde G.; Gwadabe M.S.; Ojulari L.S.; Biliaminu S.A.The aims of the study were to investigate the oestrogenic activities of onion and garlic and their effects on the uterus of adult female Wister rats. A total number of thirty (30) rats comprising of five (5) rats in six (6) groups were used. Group I received feeds and water only and served as the control. Group II (oestradiol group) was administered 10μg/kg of oestradiol orally. Groups III and IV were given 1.14gm/kg and 1.7gm/kg body weight of onion extract respectively while groups V and VI were given 1.14gm/kg and 1.7gm/kg body weight of garlic extract respectively for four weeks. The microscopic architectures of uterus of all the study animals were observed under light microscope following the preparation of the tissues (uterus) and subsequent staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin dyes; and serum oestrogen levels were also assayed and compared after four weeks of treatment. Animals in the control group have higher oestrogen levels than other treatment groups including oestradiol group. It was observed that the endometrium of animals in the low onion and oestradiol groups were thicker than the control and other treatment groups. Our study showed that low onion offered some protection to uterus in similar way synthetic oestradiol does. The use of onion or garlic as a potential alternative to synthetic oestradiol in the treatments of oestrogen depletion associated with menopause could not be established.Item Restorative effects of melatonin on bisphenol A-induced interference of gene expression in hypothalamic pituitary axis following early exposure(International Journal of Health Sciences, 2024) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Imam A.; Olajide O.J.; Lawal I.A.; Oyewole A.L.; Hussein M.O.; Ojulari L.S.; Ajao M.S.Background: Bisphenol-A is a standard monomer used industrially in manufacturing plastics and epoxy resins, and it is widely used in food preservation and packaging. There is a global increase in its use due to increased demand and the growth in world population. Bisphenol A is an endocrine-disrupting chemical miming the endogenous estradiol hormone. However, due to its exposure to the environment, food and other consumables, its effects on reproductive health have been a growing area of interest. Melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles and plays essential physiological roles in the body through its antioxidative, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. This research aims to ascertain the impact of Bisphenol A on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and determine melatonin's function on possible BPA-induced effects. Methods: Six adult male Wistar rats and 12 adult female Wistar rats of proven fertility were bred and organized into groups. Litters were divided into seven groups, each comprising six rats. These animals were subjected to subcutaneous injections of high and low doses of bisphenol A from postnatal days 0-3, then oral melatonin. The rats were allowed to mature into full-grown adults and euthanized at 120 ±4 days. The serum and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian tissues were collected for various assays, histology and genetic studies. Results: Compared to the control groups, groups administered varying doses of bisphenol A showed significant overexpression of estrogen and androgen receptors. Administration of Melatonin showed some reversal and reparative effects on BPA-induced damage of the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis. Conclusion: Elevated estrogen receptor levels induced by Bisphenol A altered receptor function, ultimately impairing hormonal cascades that regulate reproductive functions. Melatonin showed some promising reparative effects.Item Testicular Morphology and Seminal fluid parameters of adult Wistar rats following honey administration(Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, 2018) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Ibrahim A.; Ekundayo O.J.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Jimoh-Abdulghaffar H.O.Purpose: Honey has a long history of use in the traditional medical systems This objective of this study was to find out the effects of honey on quality and quantity of sperm and testicular microstructure when compared to fertility boosting drug and controls. Methods: A total number of thirty (30) matured male Wistar rats that were sexually active weighing 200 - 280g were used for this study. The animals were grouped into five as A - E. Group A was the control; Group B (standard group) was the standard group that received 0.3ml of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) drug for 6 days; groups C, D and E received 1ml, 2ml, and 2.5ml of honey daily for 21days respectively. After 21 days of administration, the testes were removed for analysis of the sperm parameters and the histology. Results: Honey significantly improved the sperm quality and spermatogenesis rate (denser seminiferous tubule lumen) of exposed animals compared to control animals, but most improvement was seen in the standard group that received 0.3ml FSH. Also no sign of degeneration or cellular loss was observable in the testicular histo-architecture of experimental animals. Conclusion: This research showed that honey possesses some fertility boosting properties in exposed animals compared to controls and honey is not associated with increased sperm abnormalities.