Browsing by Author "Ojuade, F.I."
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Item Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Lannea acida (A.Rich) in Laboratory Animals.(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin., 2022) Aiyelero, O.M.; Olumoh-Abdul, H.A; Ojuade, F.I.; Yaro, A.H.; Muhammad, Z.Lannea acida is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of a wide range of ailments including haemorrhoid. In the present study, the phytochemical constituents present in the methanol stem bark extract of Lannea acida were determined using standard protocol. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were evaluated. Acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate-induced tests in mice were used to evaluate the analgesic activity, while Egg albumin-induced paw edema in rats was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Median lethal dose of the extract was estimated using Lorke’s method. For each of the tests, thirty animals were divided into five groups of six mice each. Groups I – V received normal saline (10 ml/kg), Lannea acida extract (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg i.p.), and piroxicam (20 mg/kg) for acetic acid induced writhes/egg albumin-induced paw edema and pentazocine (20 mg/kg) for hot plate induced pain tests respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The intraperitoneal LD50 value in mice was estimated to be 282.8mg/kg. The extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing and also produced more than 70% inhibition at all tested doses after 1 hour against thermal-induced pain in mice. The extract at all tested doses afforded 64% inhibition of paw edema at the end of the 4th hour. The result obtained lends the credence to the ethnomedical use of the plant in the management of haemorrhoids.Item Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and n-Butanol Fraction of Croton zambesicus Muell Arg.(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin., 2022) Ayanniyi, R.O.; Ojuade, F.I.; Olumoh-Abdul, H.A.; Aiyelero, O.M.; Fabunmi, O.A.Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) is a plant indigenous to West Africa and has been found to be useful in management of chronic diseases including; hypertension diabetes mellitus and gastric ulcer. These diseases are deeply rooted in inflammation, the WHO has advocated for evaluation of herbal medicines with ameliorative potentials to promote the use of effective ones and discourage the use of toxic ethno medicines. Hence, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract and n-butanol fraction of Croton zambesicus were evaluated. The total phenolics and flavonoids, vitamin A, C and E content were determined using spectrophotometric analysis. Inflammation was achieved using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in rats. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.392 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.149 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The vitamin A, C and E concentration were found to be 0.13, 5.9 and 0.02 mg in 100 g of dried plant material, respectively. Administration of carrageenan significantly (p˂0.05) increased the hind paw sizes of the animals and the administration of both extracts significantly (p˂0.05) reduced hind paw edema in a non-dose dependent manner. At 180 minutes after the induction of inflammation, aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (5 mg/kg) of Croton zambesicus showed 70.53% and 57.89% inhibition of the hind paw edema. The result is comparable to the effect of diclofenac at 180 minutes with 73.68% inhibition. Results from this study shows the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus and n-butanol fraction has anti inflammatory activity. This may be attributed to the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant compounds present in the leaf extract.Item Evaluation of Diuretic activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum volubile(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2022) Aiyelero, O.M.; Ojuade, F.I.; Abdul-Olumoh, H.A; Ibegbunan, C.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.Clerodendrum volubile is used for the local management of fluid retention or edema. This present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity of the methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum volubile, (MCV) family - Labiatae on experimental animals at 200-800 mg/kg body weight respectively. The animals were observed for different indicators of diuresis such as volume, electrolyte concentration, and pH of urine for 5 hours using standard methods. Methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum volubile (MCV) induced diuresis and produced a non-significant increase (p<0.05) in urine output when compared to the negative control group. The 200 mg/kg dose of MCV produced the highest volume. In addition, the extract produced non-significant increase in the saliuretic and natriuretic activity when compared with furosemide 10 mg/kg. MCV may still be considered to have favorable natriuretic effects since the computed values were above 2.0 which is the benchmark for natriuretic effects. From this study, it can be inferred that MCV may have diuretic activity thus justifying its ethnomedicinal use in the management of fluid over load.Item EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ANTHOCLEISTA DJALONENSIS (LOGANIACEAE) IN MICE(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2023) Aiyelero, O.M.; Salahudeen, M.A.; Salawu, K.M.; Ojuade, F.I.; Njinga, N.S; Ayanniyi, R.O.Anthocleista djalonensis (Loganiaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of convulsions, hypertension, stomach pains, hemorrhoids, syphilis, diabetes, and other conditions. The objective of this work was to access the phytochemicals (using standard methods) and anticonvulsant potential (using adult Swiss albino mice) of the ethanol leaf extract of A. djalonensis (EEAD). The acute toxicity profile of EEAD was investigated following standard guidelines established by the OECD 423. The study examined the anticonvulsant activity of EEAD at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg in pentylenetetrazole- and strychnine-induced seizure tests. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out and revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids. When given orally to mice, the extract's median lethal dose (LD50) was more than 2000 mg/kg. Despite the fact that there was no significant difference between the control and 200 mg/kg doses, the ethanol leaf extract of A. djalonensis showed a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent increase in the start of clonic and tonic seizures.. The 800 mg/kg dose of the extract produced an almost similar effect as standard drug (diazepam) in stopping the occurrence of clonic and tonic seizure. Also, the higher the dose of EEAD, the higher its protection of the mice against mortality in both strychnine and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models as 800 mg/kg dose produced complete protection against mortality similar to diazepam. These findings suggest that EEAD possess anticonvulsant activity which justifies the traditional utility of the plant in the management of convulsion.Item Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of the fruit and seed extract of Phoenix dactylifera linn and evaluation of its toxicological profile in albino rats(The West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacist., 2023) Abdul-Olumoh, H.A.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Njinga, N.S; Ojuade, F.I.; Aiyelero, O.M.; Kuranga, R.A.Background: Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is a common plant with various known benefits. The plant's health benefits have been associated with its high antioxidant profile. Objectives: To conduct phytochemical, antioxidant, metal and vitamin analysis, and evaluate the hematological and biochemical effects of the fruit and seed extracts of Phoenix dactylifera. Methods: Evaluation of Phoenix dactylifera for phytochemicals was conducted using standard methods. Quantitative determination of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and various in vitro antioxidant activities (DPPH FRAP) was carried out using colorimetric methods. Results: Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and tannins in both extract. The antioxidant activity was also found to be 83.86 to 88.43% for seeds and 63.49 to 85.06% for fruit. The fruit and seed extracts contained Vit A (0.52/0.46 IU/100g), C (16.26/0.79 mg/100g), and (45.63/49.87 mg/100g). Metal analysis indicated the presence of Mg, Zn, Ca, Cu, I and K with the seeds having higher concentration of the metals than the fruits. Serum biochemical analysis indicated no deleterious effects on vital organs, no significant changes observed in the levels of ALT, AST, albumin, bilirubin and total protein. The histopathological findings in the kidney and of rats treated with the extract were found to be normal Hematological parameters showed no significant difference from control but MPV and MCV concentration were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in animals treated with 100 mg/kg of the methanol seed extract. The body weights increased in a dose-dependent manner in rats treated with fruits extract. Conversely, a decrease in body weight was observed in those treated with seed extract. Conclusion: The seed and fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera did not produce any toxic effect in the rats.