Browsing by Author "Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu"

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    Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Allium Cepa Peels in Wistar Albino Rats
    (Iranian Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, 2021) Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Ayeni, Adedolapo Rhoda; Rasheed, Mumini Wemimo
    Allium cepa (A. cepa) is a medicinal plant widely used as spice in food and has been reported to have antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antioxidant properties amongst others. The peels from this vegetable also possess antioxidant, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive activities to mention few. A. cepa peels is used by traditional healers to treat and or manage different ailments but little is known about the safety of A. cepa peels. This study evaluated the safety of aqueous extract of A. cepa peels (AEACP) in female Wistar albino rats. Oral acute toxicity was evaluated using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 423, three (3) oral doses of the extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) were used and administered for 28 days for the subacute toxicity study. The effect of AEACP was evaluated on the: body weight, relative organ weight, hematological parameters, hepatic and renal parameters. The effect of AEACP was also evaluated on the histology of the kidney and liver. The median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg and administration of AEACP produced no significant (p˂0.05) differences in body weight, relative kidney weight, creatinine, and uric acid when compared with control group. There were significant (p˂0.05) reduction in relative liver weight, serum sodium, and serum chloride level in 500 mg/kg group and the percentage reduction in comparison with control was 15.24 ± 1.98, 42.45 ± 2.40, and 9. 65 ± 1.07 respectively. The PLT and ALT values in 125 mg/kg group were significantly (p˂0.05) lowered by 26.26 ± 2.96 and 39.46 ± 3.04% when compared with control. The WBC, uric acid, Albumin, and D. bilirubin values in 500 mg/kg group were significantly reduced (p˂0.05) compared with 125 mg/kg group with percentage reductions of 32.10 ± 2.31, 7.79 ± 1.03, 17.89 ± 2.34, and 27.37 ± 2.79 respectively. The urea level in groups treated with 125 and 250 mg/kg of AEACP was significantly lower than the control group and the percentage reduction were found to be 54.17 ± 2.10 and 37.15 ± 1.98 respectively. The histopathological examinations showed no traces of toxicity as the architecture of the liver and kidney were preserved. Acute and subacute use of Allium cepa peels produced no toxicity, its folkloric use is safe and should be encouraged..
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    ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES ON METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF TURRAEA VOGELII HOOK. F. EX. BENTH.
    (National Association of Pharmacists in Academia, 2018-03) Rasheedat Oluwafunke, Ayanniyi; Abdul-Olumoh, Hidayah Ayodeji; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Adebisi-jose, Gbemisola O.; Rasheed, Mumini Wemimo
    In Africa, majority of people rely on medicinal plants for their health care needs as well as for food. There are numerous scientific reports on efficacy of medicinal plants, with limited reports on the safety of these plants. Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth. is an ethno medicinal plant indigenous to Tropical Africa. It is used as food, drinks and widely explored in ethno medicine for treatment of various ailments including; wounds, stomach ache, malaria fever, intestinal worms and urogenital infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity of methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii in experimental animals. Acute oral toxicity was determined following OECD guideline 423. Doses of 125, 250, 500 mg/kg were administered for 28 days in the subacute oral toxicity study. Effect of extract on haematological parameters, liver and kidney function markers were determined. The acute oral toxicity of Turraea vogelii was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. The extract had no significant effect on haematological parameters, liver and renal function parameters when compared with the control. The extract however produced inflammatory changes and alterations in morphology of the liver. The results from this study shows that the methanol leaf extract of Turraea vogelii produced toxic effects on the liver when repeated oral doses were administered.
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    Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and n-Butanol Fraction of Croton zambesicus Muell Arg.
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2022-03) Ayanniyi, Rasheedat Oluwafunke; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Aiyelero, Oyeronke Medinat; Fabunmi, O. A.
    Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) is a plant indigenous to West Africa and has been found to be useful in management of chronic diseases including; hypertension diabetes mellitus and gastric ulcer. These diseases are deeply rooted in inflammation, the WHO has advocated for evaluation of herbal medicines with ameliorative potentials to promote the use of effective ones and discourage the use of toxic ethno medicines. Hence, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract and n-butanol fraction of Croton zambesicus were evaluated. The total phenolics and flavonoids, vitamin A, C and E content were determined using spectrophotometric analysis. Inflammation was achieved using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in rats. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.392 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.149 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The vitamin A, C and E concentration were found to be 0.13, 5.9 and 0.02 mg in 100 g of dried plant material, respectively. Administration of carrageenan significantly (p˂0.05) increased the hind paw sizes of the animals and the administration of both extracts significantly (p˂0.05) reduced hind paw edema in a non-dose dependent manner. At 180 minutes after the induction of inflammation, aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (5 mg/kg) of Croton zambesicus showed 70.53% and 57.89% inhibition of the hind paw edema. The result is comparable to the effect of diclofenac at 180 minutes with 73.68% inhibition. Results from this study shows the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus and n-butanol fraction has anti-inflammatory activity. This may be attributed to the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant compounds present in the leaf extract.
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    Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats
    (CellPress, 2021-06-17) Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Olorundare, Olufunke Esan; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Afolabi, Saheed Olanrewaju; Njan, Anoka Ayembe
    Background: Parquetina nigrescens is among the evergreen plants native to West Africa. It is used in the management of various ailments including anemia, fever, asthma and diabetes. This study evaluated the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Parquetina nigrescens in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight fasted rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), followed by the administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) after an interval of 15 min. Diabetic rats were orally administered with; 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens (AEPN), metformin (180 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) for two weeks. The effect of treatments on fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, homa-ir, lipid profile, body weight, pancreatic antioxidants parameters, hepatic glycogen content, glucose-6-phosphate activity, α-amylase inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition, lipase inhibition and histology of the organs were evaluated. Results: Data from this study showed that treatment with AEPN produced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in fasting blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, serum lipase, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, coronary risk index, pancreatic α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase activities. Treatment with AEPN also produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in; glucose tolerance, glycogen content, leptin, adiponectin and pancreatic antioxidants (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and high-density lipoproteins). The histology of the organ showed regeneration of the pancreatic tissue after treatment with AEPN. Conclusions: This study showed that AEPN exhibited antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in streptozotocin –nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
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    Evaluation of anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Turraea vogelli Hook. f. ex. Benth
    (The Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, 2019-02) Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah; Salawu, Kayode Muritala; Olufadi-Ahmed, , Haishat; Adebisi-jose, Gbemisola Olusayo
    Abstract : The leaf extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth . is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and inflammation. Anti nociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid induced mouse writhing model. The anti inflammatory activity was investigated using in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) denat uration assay and BSA induced hind paw edema in rats. The extract (125 500 mg/kg) administered via the oral route produced a significant ( p <0.005) inhibition of acetic acid induced writhes. The percent inhibition of writhes for extract (500 mg/kg) and dicl ofenac (1 0 mg/kg) was 53.3 and 59.5% respectively. The methanol extract (10 6 1.0 µg /mL) inhibited protein denaturation with IC 50 values of ( 1.06 × 10 3 µg/mL and 2.58 × 10 3 µg/mL) for extract and diclofenac respectively. Furthermore, the leaf extract (62. 5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited BSA induced paw edema in rats. The methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii has anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory activities. These findings justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management o f pain and inflammation.
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    The Protective Effect of Croton zambesicus against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Renal Toxicity in Rats
    (Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2019-02) Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Abdullahi, Rasheed; Anafi, Sherifat Bola
    Background: The leaf extract of Croton zambesicus (CZ) is used in traditional medicine for the management of various conditions including kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of leaf extract of CZ on rat kidney toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. Method: Male albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats and treated for 5 days with aqueous extract (200-400 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (20-40 mg/kg) of CZ. Carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg of 40% in olive oil) was administered subcutaneously for 3 days and the rats were treated with the extract and fraction for 3 days. Animals were euthanized on day 8 with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (7.5 mg/kg). Blood sample was collected for the analysis of serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Kidney tissue was harvested to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity. Results: Carbon tetrachloride produced increased serum sodium ion, chloride ion, urea and creatinine with decreased superoxide, catalase, glutathione, oxidized glutathione and an increase in malondialdehyde concentration. Treatment of rats with the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction attenuated the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride on kidney with a significant decline in serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine and a significant increase in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: Results from this study revealed that the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction of CZ had protective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced renal toxicity in rats, thus justifying the consideration of this plant for the management of kidney disease.
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    Protective effect of Croton zambesicus leaf extract against carbon tetrachlorideinduced cardiac toxicity in rats
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2020-06-27) Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Asogwa, Nnaemeka
    Background: The leaves of Croton zambesicus (CZ) Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) are used as a spice for food and in traditional medicine for the management of several disease conditions, including hypertension and diabetes. The study was carried out to determine the cardioprotective effects of CZ leaf extract and n-butanol fraction on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced toxicity. Male albino rats were treated for 5 days with CZ extract, n-butanol fraction, and ascorbic acid. Materials and Method: On day 6, CCl4 was administered subcutaneously for 3 days to rats in Groups II-VII and treated concurrently for 3 days with aqueous leaf extract of CZ, n-butanol fraction, and ascorbic acid. Serum levels of cardiac function markers, creatine-kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) fraction, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also determined. Results: Aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum concentration of CK-MB and LDH. In addition, there was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx) with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the concentration of MDA. Conclusion: Results from this study revealed the aqueous leaf extract of CZ attenuated toxic effects of CCl4 on the heart and thus found to have a protective potential.