Browsing by Author "Garba, Mohammed"
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Item Applications of some Exponential Related Distributions(Proceedings of the Professional Statisticians Society of Nigerian, 2019) Umar, M. A.; Jimoh, J.O.; Garba, Mohammed; Afolayan, Razaq; Yahya, WaheedExponential family of distribution is a very popular family of distribution functions for analyzing any lifetime data with a lot of applications in different fields of knowledge. This family has distribution functions whose survival, hazard and mean residual life functions are simple and easy to study. As a result, this family has been generalized, modified and mixed with other density functions to give more flexible density functions to facilitate better modeling and analysis. This study is carried out to apply some of these distributions to real life datasets from clinical sciences, remission times of a Bladder cancer dataset. The behaviours of these distributions were illustrated graphically. The parameters of the distributions were estimated using the maximum likelihood method and their goodness-of-fits were examined. The distributions were found to provide satisfactory fits to the datasets considered. Exponentiated Exponential and Exponential-Gamma distributions were found to perform better than all the competing distributions.Item Econometric Analysis of the Effects of Land Size on Cereals Production in Nigeria(Islamic University Multidisciplinary Journal, 2020) Akanni, Saheed B; Garba, Mohammed; Banjoko, Alabi; Afolayan, RazaqThis study employed the techniques of unrestricted VAR to model and analyzed the causal effects of Land used for Cereals Production (LP) on Cereals Production (CP) in Nigeria for the period of 50 years (1966 to 2016). The data extracted from the repository of World Bank were used to obtain the time plots which depicted that the CP and LP series are not stationary at level. The unit root and cointegration tests carried out suggested that the series are integrated of order one I (1) and that the series are not co-integrated. This confirmed that the use of VAR(p) model was appropriate for analyzing the data. Based on the LR, FPE and AIC selection criteria, VAR (2) model was fitted to the data. Results from the fitted model estimates showed that both CP and LP series in immediate past periods t-1 (2015) and two previous periods t-2 (2014 and 2015) have significant impacts on CP series in current time period t (2016) while only LP in immediate past period t-1 (2015) has a significant effect on LP in current time period t (2016). The results of Granger causality test indicate a unidirectional relationship which runs from LP to CP. It is recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should re-visit the land tenure system policies and embrace those that will enhance easy acquisition of land by farmers for more cereals production.Item Micronumerocity in Classical Linear Regression(Scientia Africana. Published by College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria., 2015-04-12) Oyeyemi, Gafar Matanmi; Bolakale, AbdulHamid; Folohunsho, A. I.; Garba, MohammedThis study studied the problem of micronumerosity in CLR in other to prescribe appropriate remedy to the problem if encountered at any CLR analysis. The study is aimed at determining an optimum sample size n*, such that when the number of observations of variables in CLR is greater than (i.e. n > n*) then micronumerosity is not a problem. It also suggests means of correcting micronumerosity in CLR. The optimum minimum sample size (n) for a given number of independent variables (p) and level of correlation between the dependent and independent variable(s) were determined. Also, Factor Analysis served as the best method of overcoming problem of micronumerosity.Item Modeling Effect of Some Factor that Contribute to Cereals Yields in Nigeria using Toda- Yamamoto Techniques(Sule Lamido University Journal of Science and Technology (SLUJST), 2020-06) Garba, Mohammed; Akanni, Saheed B; Yahya, Waheed Babatunde; Kareem, K. Y.; Afolayan, RazaqThis study aimed to examine the direction of causality among Cereals Production (CP), Land used for Cereals Production (LP) and Cereal Yields (CY) in Nigeria for a period of 50 years (1966 to 2016) using techniques of Toda-Yamamoto. The maximum order of integration and optimal lag order of the series confirmed that VAR(2+1) model best fitted the data. Results from the estimated model revealed that two year past values t-2 (2014 and 2015) of CP is the major determinant of CP series in current time period t (2016) while one year past value t-1 (2015) of CY and two year past values t-2 (2014 and 2015) of CP and LP are major determinants of CY series in current time period t (2016).The results of Toda-Yamamoto causality examination showed that CY is Granger caused by both CP and LP. Based on the sequence of analyses carried out in this study, it was concluded that cereals yields in Nigeria can be predicted by both cereal production and the size of farmland used for planting cereal crops. The study then recommended that adequate plots of land be allocated to farmers interested in cereals production in order to improve yields of cereals and ensure food security in the country.Item Multivariate Time Series Analysis on the Prices of Staple Foodstuffs in Kwara State, Nigeria(Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology Minna., 2016) Afolayan, Razaq; Yahya, Waheed; Garba, Mohammed; Adenuga, A. A.; Olatayo, T.Due to supplementary, complementary and substitute relationship between staple foodstuffs, the prices of one or more staple foodstuffs tend to influence and could be used to predict the prices of some others. This study was therefore aimed at establishing the co-movement between the prices of some major stable foodstuffs - Rice, Maize, Garri, Millet, Guinea-Corn and Beans - in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multivariate time series models were fitted to data on monthly prices of Rice, Maize, Garri, Millet, Guinea-Corn and Beans over a period of twelve years (from January 2000 to December 2012). The cointegration relations among the prices were established by applying Johansen’s cointegration tests. As a result, appropriate Vector Error Correction (VEC) model was fitted to the data. The unit root test for stationarity in the series reveals that all the series were non-stationary but they were only made to be stationary at first difference. The results from the analysis showed that there exist short term adjustments and long-term dynamics among the prices of Rice, Maize, Garri, Millet, Guinea-Corn and Beans in Nigeria over the study period. Further results showed that a Vector Error Correction (VEC) model of lag two with one cointegration equation best fits the data. The forecasting accuracy of the fitted model was determined by out-of-sample forecasts of the future prices of the selected staple foodstuffs. Suitable model’s assessment criteria such as root mean square error, mean absolute error and the like were employed to determine the efficiency of the fitted model. The data employed for the study were collected from the Kwara State office of National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria. All analyses were performed in the environment of R Statistical package.Item On the Strength of Agreement between Initial and Final Academic performances in a Nigerian University System(ABACUS, Mathematical Association of Nigeria, 2018) Banjoko, Alabi; Yahya, Waheed; Abiodun, H. S.; Afolayan, Razaq; Garba, Mohammed; Olorede, K. O.; Dauda, K.A.; Adeleke, Mariam O.This paper examines the strength of agreement between academic performances of students after their first and final years in the University. Academic performances of a total of 886 students that were admitted into various academic programs in the Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, during the 2008/2009 academic session were followed-up to their year of graduation in 2012. Information on the grade point average (GPA) of students at the end of their first year in 2008, their final cumulative grade point average (CGPA) at the end of their studies in 2012 among others were collected. Results from this study generally showed a fair agreement between students’ initial and final academic performances in Nigeria University system (p < 0.001). It was also found that about 50% of students maintained the classes of degrees they had in their first year till graduation, about 40% of them improved on their performances while the performances of about 7% of them dropped from what they had at their first year. Further results showed that students’ performance is gender sensitive. Specifically, about 45% and 60% of female and male students maintained the classes of degrees they had during their first year in the University, about 50% and 30% of them improved on theirs while about 5% and 10% of them dropped from their initial academic performances at the end of their studies respectively. Finally, students in the Biological Sciences improved on their initial academic performances more than their counterparts in the Physical Sciences. Also, female students improved on their initial academic performances more than their male counterparts. This work will serve as useful counselling guide to prospective admission seekers into the Universities and all the stakeholders at enhancing students’ academic performances in the University system.