Browsing by Author "Buhari, Oluwabunmi"
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Item A 2 Year (2019-2020) Analysis of Suicide Reports in the Nigerian Media(The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), Sri Lanka (tiikmpublishing.com), 2022) Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Ogbolu, Rapheal; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Mohammed, Amina; Erubu, AyodejiSuicide is increasingly becoming a public health concern. Reporting and portrayal of suicide in media may largely contribute to this. Gaining an insight into the pattern and possible risk factors may help in the design of effective preventive measures. The aim of the study was to generate a 2-year data of suicide reportage in media in Nigeria. This was a retrospective purposive Content analysis of all media suicide reportage in Nigeria between January 2019 - December 2020. Data was entered into an excel spread sheet. Duplication was avoided. The statistical package for social sciences, version 22 was used for analysis. Frequencies and percentages of relevant variables were generated. Chi square and Fisher’s exact test was used to assess associations. Significant value was set at p<0.05. One hundred and eighteen suicide deaths were identified. Mean age was 30.65+ 12.66 with highest rate among age 20-39 years (51.7%). Majority were males (73.7%). Commonest method used was pesticide ingestion (56.8%) followed by hanging (27.1%). Identifiable associated factors included financial challenges, academic challenges, and relational problems. Pesticide use was commoner among younger age group (p< 0.001) and female sex (p < 0.024). The common use of organophosphates which is used in pesticides may be due to the fact that it is a common household tool used to control insects and rodents in many low- and middle-income countries. It is easy to access and affordable, these coupled with social media reportage makes it a ready tool especially for those already contemplating suicide. The study highlights the current reality of suicides in Nigeria. It brings to the fore, the need for proper surveillance to drive a contextualized approach to suicide prevention.Item Abuse of alcohol and other psychoactive substances among health care workers in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital(Association of Psychiatrist in Nigeria, 2014) Makanjuola, Alfred; Buhari, OluwabunmiBackground: In lorin, there is no documented study on alcohol and other drugs use among health workers. Aim: To determine prevalence, types and risk of psychoactive substance use among health workers in University of llorin Teaching Hospital and offer immediate ASSIST-linked post interview brief intervention. Method: We interviewed 308 respondents using a sociodemographic data collection sheet and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST version 3. 1). Results: Current use of alcohol was 5.5%, opioid 2.3% and tobacco 1.9%. All users of tobacco and opioid were 'high risk' users, 41% of alcohol users were moderate risk users while the remaining 59% were low risk alcohol users. Conclusion: In spite of the relatively low level of substance use, there is a need for continued education and regulation of psychoactive drugs use within the hospital. Non punitive measures should be instituted to encourage users to freely seek evidence-based treatment and supportItem Attitude of Medical Students to Psychiatry in a Nigerian University(Association of Psychiatrist in Nigeria, 2011) Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Yussuf, Abdallah; Ajiboye, Peter; Issa, Baba; Adegunloye, OlusholaBackground: Despite advances made in the understanding or psychiatric illness and its treatment , there is still a wide spread negative altitude to psychiatry. Medical students being part of the public also hold negative attitude to psychiatry. This negative attitude may influence their choice of psychiatry as a future career. The aim of this study was to examine medical students attitude towards psychiatry at the beginning and end of clinical clerkship posting and to assess whether the clerkship posting influenced the likelihood of taking psychiatry as a future career. Methods: The ATP-30 questionnaire was administered to medical students in a University in Norlh-Central, Nigeria at the beginning and end of clinical clerkship in psychiatry. Results: There was a fairly positive attitude to psychiatry at the beginning and end of the posting (mean ATP scores were 91 .8 ± 7.6 and 92 .5 ± 8.5 respectively) . There was no statistically significant difference in ATP score after the posting . Only about 16% of the students would like to become psychiatrists at beginning of posting and this increased to only about 20% after the posting despite having a positive attitude to psychiatrists and psychiatric treatments . Conclusion: Medical schools need to improve the quality of the psychiatric posting so as to impact positively on the attitude of students.Item Benefits, Limitations and Challenges of Virtual Conferencing in The Covid-19 Era: Adjusting to the new normal.(College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 2022) Ogunmodede, James; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Dele-Ojo, B; Omotoso, Ayotunde; Agede, Olalekan; Omotoso, AyodeleObjective: The COVID-19 pandemic has had tremendous effect on the medical and scientific community. Measures instituted to curb the spread of the disease such as physical distancing and ban on large gatherings have significantly altered conferencing activities of medical professional associations. With no end in sight to the pandemic, it is certain that medical professional associations may have to make do with purely virtual or hybrid conferencing for some time to come. The objective of this paper is to highlight the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of virtual conferencing Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and AJOL databases from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 for publications describing the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of virtual conferencing during the pandemic. This, together with authors' experience formed the resource base for this work. Conclusion: We propose ways the scientific community in Nigeria can maximize the virtual conferencing while the pandemic lasts. We also advocate increased discussion about how to improve the virtual conferencing culture and the development of guidelines for purely virtual or hybrid scientific conferences.Item Burden of care and psychological distress in primary caregivers of patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria(Jimma University, Ethiopia., 2019) Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Abiodun, Olatunji; Makanjuola, Alfred; Olarinoye, John; Ogunmodede, James; Buhari, OluwabunmiBACKGROUND: Caregivers play an important role in the management and care of individuals with chronic medical conditions. This is because; they provide emotional, physical, financial as well as spiritual support to their wards. However, the process of caregiving is usually associated with feelings of burden and psychological distress. METHODS: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, clinicbased study done at the endocrinology clinic of a Teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria. It was done utilizing the Zarit Burden Interview, the General Health Questionnaire (12 item version) and a socio-demographic questionnaire designed by the authors. The levels of burden as well as the factors associated with burden and psychological distress in one hundred caregivers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were assessed. Statistical analysis was done using chi square, independent T test and linear regression. RESULTS: Forty- two percent (42%) of caregivers experienced little or no burden, 47% had mild to moderate burden, 8% had moderate to severe burden, while 3% had severe burden. When the ZBI scores were dichotomized into ‘low’ and ‘high’ burden, 89% were found to experience low burden, while 11% experienced high burden. On logistic regression, females were found to be four times more likely to experience high burden, while Thirty-five (35%) percent of caregivers had a GHQ score of > 3, signifying psychological distress and psychological distress was found to be significantly associated with burden. CONCLUSION: Many Nigerian caregivers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus experience burden and psychological distress associated with caregiving, especially female caregivers and those taking care of those taking care of patients with complications. It is therefore important for clinicians to recognize burdened caregivers and intervene appropriately in order to improve the quality of care of these patientsItem Caregivers of the Mentally Ill Experience More Burden: A Comparative Study of Mental Versus Physical Illness(East African Medical Association,, 2021) Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Abiodun, Olatunji; Makanjuola, Alfred; Ogunmodede, James; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Mohammed, Amina; Fabiyi, Eniola; Adepoju, Selima; Ademola, Maruf; Ogunwale, AdegboyegaBackground: Caring for patients with chronic illnesses whether mental or physical imposes a burden on caregivers. Schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are both chronic illnesses which require long term care, though they differ in pathophysiologic concepts. Planning strategies for improving the quality of life of caregivers of these patients will require that clinicians answer the pertinent question of who experiences more burden. Objective: This study assessed and compared the burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and Type 2 DM, determined caregiver and patient characteristics that predict burden in both groups. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Endocrinology and Psychiatry outpatient clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Participants: One hundred patients with schizophrenia and 100 patients with Type 2 DM, along with their primary caregivers. Outcome measures: Caregiver burden was assessed using the ZBI. Results: Caregivers of schizophrenia patients experienced significantly higher burden than caregivers of Type 2 DM (p=0.025). Predictors of burden in schizophrenia patients’ caregivers were caregiver age (OR=2.088), being a lone caregiver (OR=1.39), perceiving caregiving as problematic (OR=6.194), GHQ-12 scores of caregiver (OR=7.46) as well as the presence of psychopathology (OR=2.61). The predictors of burden in Type 2 DM patients’ caregivers were caregiver gender (OR=4.049) presence of physical complications (OR=1.547). Conclusion: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were found to experience significantly higher levels of burden and psychological distress and this is important in planning care strategies for this group of patients.Item Comprehensive and integrative tertiary institution mental health (TIM-HEALTH) care: developing a protocol for Nigerian Universities.(Community Health Society, Malaysia, 2021) Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Bolarinwa, Oladimeji; Adegoke, Alfred; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Adegunloye, Olushola; Oguntayo, Rotimi; Malomo, SylviaBackground: There is increasing concerns globally over the mental health of youths especially those in tertiary institutions of learning. University education is associated with stress and conflicts arising from the rigours of learning as well as the transition from dependent to independent life. It is therefore important to identify strategies useful for the improvement of the mental and social wellbeing of this unique stratum of the society. Materials and methods: This study will be the first phase of a proposed three phase research. It will be a cross-sectional study that would utilize a multistage systematic randomization. It will assess mental health literacy, prevalence and risk factors for psychiatric morbidity, and preference for internet-based mental health intervention and its determinants. Data collection would involve the use of a semi-structured self–administered questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, a mental health literacy questionnaire (MHLq) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Descriptive and inferential statistics will be presented while regression model analysis will predict factors associated with mental morbidity and literacy. Results from this data will influence other phases which are aimed at designing appropriate mental health interventions for university students. Expected outcome: This study is aimed at bridging the gap in literature concerning mental disorders among students in University of Ilorin. It would also provide baseline data for the development and implementation of suitable and sustainable interventions to reduce the burden mental ill heath among the students in the university of Ilorin in particular, and by extension students in other Universities across Nigeria.Item Depression in elderly primary healthcare clinic attendees in Ilorin, Nigeria.(College of Health Sciences of the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2018) Adegunloye, Olushola; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Abiodun, OlatunjiDepression in the elderly presenting at primary care settings is usually under- detected by primary care physicians. This study assessed the prevalence of depression and the utility of the Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form) in detecting depression in elderly patients in primary care populations in Ilorin, Nigeria This was a two stage cross-sectional study with data obtained from three primary care centres in Ilorin using a proforma for socio-demographic variables and GDS-SF for depression screening. The second involved use of Depression Module of MINI (without knowledge of first stage scores) on all those with scores of > 6 and a 15% random sample of those with scores <6 on GDS-SF. Data analysis was by use of SPSS version 21 while level of significance was set at P<0.05. A total of 463 patients participated in the study. Prevalence of depression was found to be 3.2%. Depression was not found to be significantly associated with socio-demographic factors, but being divorced, separated or widowed, as well as, being female, increased age, feeling lonely and presence of at least one chronic physical illness showed trends towards caseness on GDS-SF. All 15 patients who screened positive on GDS-SF for depression were confirmed on MINI interview to be cases of depression. In conclusion the use of short screening instrument such as GDS-SF may improve detection rate for late life depression in busy primary care clinics in Nigeria. Primary care physicians should particularly look out for at risk groups such as divorced, separated and widowed elderly patients for routine screening for depressionItem Factors Associated with Psychiatric Morbidity Among Patients with Cancer in A Nigerian Tertiary Hospital(Association of Psychiatrist in Nigeria., 2009) Makanjuola, Alfred; Buhari, OluwabunmiBackground Psychiatric morbidity is common among cancer patients. In our setting, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with psychiatric morbidity In these patients are yet to be well studied. Alms The study was aimed at determining the factors that are associated with psychiatric morbidity among patients with cancer In a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Method: Over a 6-month period, all consenting consecutive patients who were diagnosed with cancer and admitted into the surgical and gynaecological wards were interviewed using the Present Slate Examination (PSE), a sociodemographic and a clinical data collection sheet. Results The prevalence of psychlatric morbidity among the 63 patients studied was 44.4% (28 of 63 patients). Four (6.3% ) had adjustment disorders, 5 (7.9%) had generalized anxiety disorder, 4 (6.3%f had delirium, one (1 .6%) organic halluclnosls, one (1.6%) schizophrenia-like disorder, 13 (20.6%) had depressive illness with 2 (3.2%) having deliberately harmed themselves. There was a significant assodatlon between psychiatric morbidity and a feeling that friend have not been of help since onset of illness (X2 = 4.12; p =0.03) and more evidence of radlologlcal spread of disease (X2=0.43; p =0.005). Though not to a significant level, reduced income since onset of illness, worry about finances, less religious and social activities, allay of concern through explanation of nature of illness by doctors, less satisfaction with overall personal relationship, past history of psychiatric illness, and co-morbldity in terms of hypertension and diabetes were observed. Conclusion: There was a significant association ·between psychiatric morbidity on one hand and a feeling that friends have been not been of help since onset of illness, increased evidence of radiological spread of disease and formal counselling during the Index admission. We suggest a need for better communication and counselling of cancer patients and more social support of the patients, not Just by family members, but also friends and slgnlficant others.Item Internet- based psychological interventions to improve mental health: preference for and willingness to use among students in Nigerian university.(East African Medical Association, 2021) Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Bolarinwa, Oladimeji; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Oguntayo, Rotimi; Adegunloye, Olushola; Adegoke, Alfred; Ajokpaniovo, Micheal; Oyeleke, Joseph; Malomo, SylviaObjective:To assess the willingness and preference for Internet-Based Mental Health interventions among university students using a validated self-administered questionnaire, the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLq) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Design: A cross-sectional multi-staged randomized study. Setting: The setting was the University of Ilorin, Nigeria Subjects: A total of 3,300 undergraduate students were assessed. Main Outcome Measures: The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics, and regression analysis to predict factors associated with willingness and preference was done. Level of significance was set at p-value of 0.05 and confidence interval at 95%. Results: Preference for Internet-Based Mental Health intervention compared to Face-to-Face intervention was 27.7% amongst the 3,179 analyzable questionnaires, while 48.6% respondents were willing to use Internet-Based Mental Intervention. Predictors of willingness to use internet-based support were monogamous family setting (aOR= 1.486), help seeking behaviour (aOR= 2.683) and probable mental illness (aOR= 0.333) while predictors of preference for Internet-Based Intervention over Face-to-Face therapy were younger age (aOR= 1.377), female gender (aOR =1.342), satisfactory relationship with mother and father (aOR = 1.607. 1. 466 respectively), self-help strategies (aOR= 0.713) and good knowledge of mental health (aOR =1.610). Conclusion: Internet-Based Interventions is a viable choice for improving university students’ mental health. Further studies may explore acceptability and use of different aspects of internet-based interventionsItem The Knowledge and Perception of Medical Students about Psychotherapy as a Treatment Modality for Psychiatric Disorders: Implications for Medical Education and Practice(Biomedical Communication Group, 2021) Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Ogunmodede, JamesPsychotherapy as a treatment modality for mental illness is recognized worldwide, however there are different perceptions and opinions about its practice and usefulness in treating mental illness in medical students. In this study, the knowledge and perception of final year medical students about psychotherapy is assessed. It was a cross sectional survey done amongst final year Medical students of the University of Ilorin during their psychiatry posting, using a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the researchers. A total of one hundred and thirty students participated fully in the study. More than half of students (58.5%) who participated in the study reported that they first heard about psychotherapy during the psychiatry posting, while about 26.1% of them first heard of psychotherapy from the media. Sixty percent of respondents believed everybody needs some form of psychotherapy, while 18.5% believed only the mentally ill needs psychotherapy. Sixty out of the 130 respondents considered psychotherapy to be better than medications in the treatment of mental illness, while 23% of respondents still thought psychotherapy involved some form of brain-washing. However, 95% of them would consider a research in to the field of psychotherapy in the future, while 73% will consider training in psychotherapy if opportunity arises. The knowledge and perception of medical students about psychotherapy is important in order to gauge the quality of medical education concerning this treatment modality as well as help to suggest possible areas of additional focus for medical tutors.Item Mental Health Literacy Among the Undergraduate Students of a Nigerian University: A Pre-Intervention Study(Community Health Society , Malaysia, 2022) Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Adegunloye, Olushola; Bolarinwa, Oladimeji; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Oguntayo, Rotimi; Adegoke, Alfred; Malomo, Sylvia; Ajokpaniovo, MikeBackground: Mental health in tertiary educational institutions is an important public health concern as many mental disorders have their onset in early life. Early recognition and appropriate intervention lead to better outcomes. In Nigeria not much is known about mental health literacy of undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: This study aimed at assessing the pre-interventional Mental Health Literacy of the undergraduate at a Nigerian University. A cross-sectional design was adopted with the use of a multistage recruitment of 3300 students from all faculties. Data collection was by questionnaires on socio-demography, Mental Health Literacy, and General Health Questionnaire-12. Descriptive and inferential statistics was done using SPSS version 20.0. Significance level was p ≤0.05 and confidence interval at 95%. Results: About 96% (3179) of the participants correctly took part, with the Global Mental Health Score being above average in 18.6%; (mean+SD); when split into domains, those with above average scores were 14.8 % for health seeking behavior, 9.6% self-help strategies, 13.7%, - knowledge of mental health and erroneous – believe 17.2%. The socio-demographic variables found significant were age groups, female gender, third year of study, affluence and being in faculty of Arts and Humanities, where courses in psychology is part of the curriculum. Conclusion: It was concluded like in the previous studies, that there is an inadequate Mental Health Literacy among undergraduates at the Nigerian University and socio-demographic variables maybe associated with Mental Health Literacy so it is recommended that robust ways should be found to improve Mental Health Literacy on campus.Item Mental health of Adults in Kwara State Nigeria during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2022) Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Adegunloye, Olushola; Sulyman, Dauda; Bolarinwa, OladimejiThe emergence of COVID-19 did not only affect the health of people but also negatively affected their socio-economic situations in most cases, with a resultant effect on their mental health. This study aimed to assess the well-being and mental health of adults in Kwara State Nigeria during the period of covid-19 lockdown, and the factors associated with the presence of psychiatric morbidity. The study was a cross-sectional online-community survey done in the first two weeks of October 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-economic variables, world health organization WHO wellbeing index (WHO-5), Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2), and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) to assess general wellbeing, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms respectively. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences SPSS 20. Descriptive and inferential statistic was done, level of significance was set at P <0.05 and confidence interval at 95%. Four hundred of the filled forms were complete and analyzable. The mean age was 41.82 ± 10.8 years. Majority of the respondent were healthcare workers among whom 25% were frontline workers in the management of COVID-19. About 8% reported low well-being, 7.3% and 16.5% were positive for anxiety and depressive disorders respectively. Young age, single marital status, and unemployment predicted poor well-being. Male gender, young age, unemployment, polygamous family setting, and inability to get government relief package (palliative) predicted anxiety disorder while the inability to get palliative also predicted the development of the depressive disorder. This study found that Covid-19 negatively affected the wellbeing of the populace and a sizeable number developed psychiatric morbidity. It is recommended that government provide adequate financial and psychosocial support to its citizen during a pandemic period to reduce the development of psychiatric complications.Item Nigerian Medical Students’ Opinion about Psychiatry(SPRINGER (The International Journal of; Chairs of Departments of Psychiatry, American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training, Association for Academic Psychiatry and the Association of Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry), 2013) James, Bawo; Omoaregba, Joyce; Okogbenin, Esther; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Obindo, Taiwo; Okonoda, MayowaObjective The number of psychiatrists in Nigeria is inadequate to meet the treatment needs for neuropsychiatric disorders. Developing mental health competency in the future Nigerian physician workforce is one approach to filling the treatment gap. The authors aimed to assess medical students’ attitudes to this training and its relevance to their future practice and to assess whether they are getting adequate or relevant training. Methods A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was undertaken among a sample (N=375) of 5th- and 6th-year students across four medical schools in Nigeria. Results Over one-tenth (12%) chose psychiatry as a future career choice. Most expressed positive attitudes toward psychiatry and its relevance to their future careers. A majority were enthusiastic about receiving training in psychiatry in primary-care settings and welcomed a curriculum that emphasized the learning and management of common psychiatric disorders seen in general practice. Conclusions Medical students surveyed would welcome an undergraduate curriculum that integrates the learning of psychiatry with other specialties and skills-training relevant for primary care. Efforts to modify the current curriculum in psychiatry in Nigerian medical schools should be encouraged.Item Pattern of Media Reporting of Suicide.(The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), Sri Lanka (tiikmpublishing.com), 2022) Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Ogbolu, Raphael; Ojeahere, Margaret; Tade, Titi; Uteh, Blessing; Olayimika, Chinelo; Egegbara, IhunanyaSuicide remains a global public health concern with over 800,000 deaths reported annually. The media play an important role in influencing the attitude of the populace to suicide. It has been widely demonstrated that the way suicides are reported/portrayed may increase or reduce the rate and pattern of suicide in a locality. As such guidelines have been put in place to regulate media reporting. The study aimed at analysing the pattern of online media reportage of Suicides in Nigeria based on established guidelines for responsible reporting. This was a retrospective study involving content analysis of 30 randomly selected online newspapers reporting suicide deaths over the past three years (2018-2021) in Nigeria. A total of 147 suicide reports were identified. Majority of the news media used inappropriate language in reporting the suicide. Majority (89.1%) of suicides were portrayed as criminal acts, 87.1% of the suicides were given undue prominence, 10.2% suicides were sensationalized and about half (49%) of the suicides report were explicitly described. Graphic details of methods used occurred in 28.6% of the suicide reports. Only 14.3% of suicides had a published suicide note. Majority of the news media did not provide correct information about mental ill health and only 4.1% of the reported suicide had additional information on help seeking information. We concluded that much still needs to be done to improve suicide reporting. Relevant stakeholders need to continually collaborate with media outfits to provide trainings in order to increase mental health and suicide literacy, as well as to jointly develop locally applicable and culturally relevant guidelines on reportageItem Perception and attitude to epilepsy among teachers in primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in middle belt Nigeria(Royal Society of Medicine Press (Sage Publishers), 2005) Sanya, Emmanuel; Salami, T; Goodman, Olayinka; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Araoye, MargaretCompared with the disability associated with repeated seizures or side-effects of antiepileptic medications, the social stigma associated with epilepsy is often a major handicap to people living with this condition. This study therefore looked at the knowledge, attitude and perception of teachers who see a lot of epileptics, relates on daily bases and have a high influence on students with epilepsy. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information from 460 randomly selected teachers in primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Kwara State-middle belt of Nigeria. The response rate was 75%. Almost all of the teachers had heard about epilepsy, but their awareness does not equate with the acceptance and understanding of epilepsy. About 30.5% believed that it could be contracted through the saliva of an epileptic, 27.7% thought it was synonymous with possession with evil spirit, while 10% misunderstood epilepsy for insanity. Close to one-fifth of the teachers were of the opinion that epileptic students have a below average mental capacity compared with other students and so cannot attainment the highest possible education. Negative attitude and bias towards epilepsy is still deeply ingrained among teachers in Nigeria. Apart from formal education, teachers need to have health education courses on common disease conditions such as epilepsy that are prevalent in school age. This might help to reduce prejudice and increase the acceptance of epileptic individuals into the classroom.Item Prevalence and clinical implications of psychopathology in adults with epilepsy seen in an outpatient clinic in NIGERIA(Elvesier, 2014) Tunde-Ayinmode, Mosunmola; Ajiboye, Peter; Abiodun, Olatunji; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Sanya, EmmanuelBackground The psychopathological and clinical characteristics of adult patients with epilepsy attending our neurology clinic were evaluated to determine prevalence of psychopathology and its associated factors towards improving services and initiating collaborative care which is currently nonexistent. Methods The study was a two-stage procedure conducted over 1 year using the General Health Questionnaire in the first stage and Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry in the second stage. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was based on International Classification of Diseases: 10th Revision criteria. Results Sixty-three patients were interviewed. Mean age was 34.43 ± 13.7 years; more than half of the patients had less than one seizure episode per month. Fourteen patients (22.2%) had partial epilepsy; 40 (63.5%), generalized; and 9 (14.3%), unclassified seizures. The rate of psychiatric morbidity was found to be 28.6%. Depressive disorders were the most common (66.7%), followed by psychotic disorders (11.1%), anxiety disorders (11.1%) and dementia (11.1%). Psychopathology was more common in women (P= .007), those older than 40 years (P= .038) and those with partial epilepsy (P= .017). Conclusion About one third of patients with epilepsy studied had undetected and untreated psychopathology. Our neurology clinic urgently needs currently nonexistent collaborative care involving neurologists, psychiatrists and primary care physicians in order to improve the mental health of the patients with epilepsy.Item Prevalence and predictors of problematic smart phone use among university undergraduates(Community Health Society, Malaysia, 2023) Ogunmodede, James; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Ahmed, A; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Agede, Olalekan; Bojuwoye, Matthew; Bello, Hamza; Olatunji, A; Oyeleke, O; Adeoye, S; Babatunde, O; Omotoso, AyotundeBackground: A smartphone is a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded applications. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of problematic smartphone use (PSU) among university undergraduates. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional design. PSU was studied among the students using the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version (SAS-SV). Results: Mean age was 21.3+2.59 years, mostly female (55.2%). The prevalence of smartphone ownership was 99.4% (3305). 13.9% of students had PSU. Factors associated with PSU were female gender (p=0.001), owning more than one smartphone (p=0.001), time spent on making phone calls (<0.001), surfing social media (<0.001), engaging in overnight phone call/social media chat (p=0.001), use of Twitter (p=0.002), Instagram (p=0.001), Snapchat (p=0.001), YouTube (p=0.001), online gaming (p=0.002), presence of probable psychiatric morbidity (p=0.001) and insomnia (p<0.001). The predictors of PSU were female gender (OR 1.305, p=0.038), engaging in overnight calls or social media chats (OR 2.243, p=0.001), using a smartphone in bed when unable to sleep at night (OR 2.832, p=0.003), probable psychiatric morbidity (OR 1.671, p<0.001), and insomnia (OR 1.298, p=0.043). Conclusion: Compared with other studies the prevalence of PSU among our participants is relatively low. However, PSU is a potentially disruptive behavioural addiction in undergraduates. Knowing predictors of PSU offers an opportunity for preventive counselling early in the course of study of all undergraduates.Item Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among inmates of a borstal institution in Nigeria(Emerald Insight publishers, 2009) Issa, Baba; Yussuf, Da- Silva; Ajiboye, Peter; Buhari, OluwabunmiStudies have reported increased psychiatric morbidity among young detainees, with as many as three‐quarters reported to have one or more psychiatric disorders. Despite this, however, there is a dearth of published work among young inmates of prisons, remand homes or borstal institutions in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to assess possible psychiatric morbidity among young inmates of a borstal institution in Nigeria and to determine the factors that may be associated with this morbidity. Fifty‐three inmates of one of the two existing borstal institution in Nigeria were assessed for psychiatric morbidity using the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12). The GHQ‐12 scores were compared with the socio‐demographic factors of the respondents. Twenty‐eight (52.8%) of the inmates were over 18 years old, 35.8% were in the middle position within the family, 62.3% were of Christian faith, and 64.2% had their parents still living together. Seventeen (32.1%) of the inmates were from Hausa ethnic extraction, 58.5% stayed for more than 6 months at the borstal institution, and 81.1% were brought to the institution by their parents. The mean age of the inmates was 17.3 years (range, 14‐23 years) and 26 (49.1%) of them were GHQ‐positive. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of GHQ‐positive and GHQ‐negative inmates (F=1.73, p=0.19), and none of the socio‐demographic variables were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity (i.e. GHQ‐12 positivity). The study observed a high prevalence of undetected psychiatric morbidity among inmates at the borstal institution. Efforts should be intensified by the authority responsible for managing the Nigerian prison services (including the borstal institutions) to improve mental health servicesItem Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity among Inmates of a Borstal Institution in Nigeria(Centre of Research into quality, Birmingham CITY University (Humanitas Foundation)(Emerald publisher), 2009) Issa, Baba; Yusuf, Da-Silva; Ajiboye, Peter; Buhari, OluwabunmiStudies have reported increased psychiatric morbidity among young detainees, with as many as three‐quarters reported to have one or more psychiatric disorders. Despite this, however, there is a dearth of published work among young inmates of prisons, remand homes or borstal institutions in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to assess possible psychiatric morbidity among young inmates of a borstal institution in Nigeria and to determine the factors that may be associated with this morbidity. Fifty‐three inmates of one of the two existing borstal institution in Nigeria were assessed for psychiatric morbidity using the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12). The GHQ‐12 scores were compared with the socio‐demographic factors of the respondents. Twenty‐eight (52.8%) of the inmates were over 18 years old, 35.8% were in the middle position within the family, 62.3% were of Christian faith, and 64.2% had their parents still living together. Seventeen (32.1%) of the inmates were from Hausa ethnic extraction, 58.5% stayed for more than 6 months at the borstal institution, and 81.1% were brought to the institution by their parents. The mean age of the inmates was 17.3 years (range, 14‐23 years) and 26 (49.1%) of them were GHQ‐positive. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of GHQ‐positive and GHQ‐negative inmates (F=1.73, p=0.19), and none of the socio‐demographic variables were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity (i.e. GHQ‐12 positivity). The study observed a high prevalence of undetected psychiatric morbidity among inmates at the borstal institution. Efforts should be intensified by the authority responsible for managing the Nigerian prison services (including the borstal institutions) to improve mental health services.