Browsing by Author "Ayanniyi, R.O."
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Item Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and n-Butanol Fraction of Croton zambesicus Muell Arg.(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin., 2022) Ayanniyi, R.O.; Ojuade, F.I.; Olumoh-Abdul, H.A.; Aiyelero, O.M.; Fabunmi, O.A.Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) is a plant indigenous to West Africa and has been found to be useful in management of chronic diseases including; hypertension diabetes mellitus and gastric ulcer. These diseases are deeply rooted in inflammation, the WHO has advocated for evaluation of herbal medicines with ameliorative potentials to promote the use of effective ones and discourage the use of toxic ethno medicines. Hence, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract and n-butanol fraction of Croton zambesicus were evaluated. The total phenolics and flavonoids, vitamin A, C and E content were determined using spectrophotometric analysis. Inflammation was achieved using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in rats. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.392 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.149 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The vitamin A, C and E concentration were found to be 0.13, 5.9 and 0.02 mg in 100 g of dried plant material, respectively. Administration of carrageenan significantly (p˂0.05) increased the hind paw sizes of the animals and the administration of both extracts significantly (p˂0.05) reduced hind paw edema in a non-dose dependent manner. At 180 minutes after the induction of inflammation, aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (5 mg/kg) of Croton zambesicus showed 70.53% and 57.89% inhibition of the hind paw edema. The result is comparable to the effect of diclofenac at 180 minutes with 73.68% inhibition. Results from this study shows the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus and n-butanol fraction has anti inflammatory activity. This may be attributed to the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant compounds present in the leaf extract.Item Characterization, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potentials of a herbal preparation.(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Published by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria., 2019) Njinga, N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Mustapha, K.B.; Yahaya, T.; Shittu, A.O.; Bello, H. R.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y.The stem bark of Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause was investigated for its phytochemistry, acute toxicity, antibacterial and anticonvulsant activit ies. Standard methods were used to evaluate phytochemistry while antibacterial activity was determined using agar diffusion and broth dilution method s on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Maximal electroshock-induced seizures test in chicks and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures test in mice were used to determine the anticonvulsant activity. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates steroids and triterpenes. Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the stem bark were found to be active against S. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Proteus sp, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis with zone of inhibition ranging from 20-27.5mm and MIC ranging from 6.25mg/mL to 100mg/mL and MBC from 50mg/mL and above. LD50 was found to be 2154.066 mg/kg. The crude methanol extract of the stem bark afforded dose (150, 300 and 600mg/kg) dependent protection to the laboratory animals against the hind limb tonic extension though not statistically significant (P<0.05) showing the inability of the extract to inhibit seizure discharge within the brainstem seizure substrate. Meanwhile the extract at doses of 300 and 600mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the onset of seizure in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test showing the potential of this plant in raising seizure threshold in the brain therefore making it beneficial in the treatment of myoclonic and absence seizures. This justifies the use of the plant in treating convulsion.Item Characterization, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potentials of herbal preparation(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, A.B.U Zaria, 2019) Njinga N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Mustapha, K.B.; Yahaya, T.; Shittu A.O.; Bello, H.R.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y.Herbal product (HP) (from Ricinus communis and honey) is used locally for the management of inflammatory and inflammation related disorders including asthma. The current study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chemical profile, elemental components, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the HP used for treatment of asthma. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteus reagent and AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The chemo-profiling was done using TLC. Elemental analysis was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Albumin-induced paw oedema model was used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity while agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the HP at different concentrations. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 10.00 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 336.60 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The chemo-profiling showed one spot at 254 nm but none at 366 nm. AAS indicated the presence of K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu and Pb (Cu and Pb were within WHO acceptable limit). The 100 % concentration produced sudden but transient significant reduction in oedema size at 30 minutes. However, at 60 minutes the effect produced at 25 % was comparable to that of Ibuprofen at 20 mg/kg body weight. At 100% concentration HP all the organisms tested were sensitive except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of flavonoids may justify the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities thus validating its use in local treatment of AsthmaItem Evaluation of Diuretic activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum volubile(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2022) Aiyelero, O.M.; Ojuade, F.I.; Abdul-Olumoh, H.A; Ibegbunan, C.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.Clerodendrum volubile is used for the local management of fluid retention or edema. This present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity of the methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum volubile, (MCV) family - Labiatae on experimental animals at 200-800 mg/kg body weight respectively. The animals were observed for different indicators of diuresis such as volume, electrolyte concentration, and pH of urine for 5 hours using standard methods. Methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum volubile (MCV) induced diuresis and produced a non-significant increase (p<0.05) in urine output when compared to the negative control group. The 200 mg/kg dose of MCV produced the highest volume. In addition, the extract produced non-significant increase in the saliuretic and natriuretic activity when compared with furosemide 10 mg/kg. MCV may still be considered to have favorable natriuretic effects since the computed values were above 2.0 which is the benchmark for natriuretic effects. From this study, it can be inferred that MCV may have diuretic activity thus justifying its ethnomedicinal use in the management of fluid over load.Item EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ANTHOCLEISTA DJALONENSIS (LOGANIACEAE) IN MICE(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2023) Aiyelero, O.M.; Salahudeen, M.A.; Salawu, K.M.; Ojuade, F.I.; Njinga, N.S; Ayanniyi, R.O.Anthocleista djalonensis (Loganiaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of convulsions, hypertension, stomach pains, hemorrhoids, syphilis, diabetes, and other conditions. The objective of this work was to access the phytochemicals (using standard methods) and anticonvulsant potential (using adult Swiss albino mice) of the ethanol leaf extract of A. djalonensis (EEAD). The acute toxicity profile of EEAD was investigated following standard guidelines established by the OECD 423. The study examined the anticonvulsant activity of EEAD at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg in pentylenetetrazole- and strychnine-induced seizure tests. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out and revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids. When given orally to mice, the extract's median lethal dose (LD50) was more than 2000 mg/kg. Despite the fact that there was no significant difference between the control and 200 mg/kg doses, the ethanol leaf extract of A. djalonensis showed a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent increase in the start of clonic and tonic seizures.. The 800 mg/kg dose of the extract produced an almost similar effect as standard drug (diazepam) in stopping the occurrence of clonic and tonic seizure. Also, the higher the dose of EEAD, the higher its protection of the mice against mortality in both strychnine and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models as 800 mg/kg dose produced complete protection against mortality similar to diazepam. These findings suggest that EEAD possess anticonvulsant activity which justifies the traditional utility of the plant in the management of convulsion.Item Heavy Metal Content of Commonly Consumed Herbal Bitters in Ilorin, Nigeria(West African Journal of Pharmacy, 2017-12) Ayanniyi, R.O.; Folami, S.O.; Olumoh-Abdul, A.H.; Atunwa, S.A.; Oreagba, I.A.Background: The use of herbal medicines has increased in recent years and has gained much attention in the health sectors, scientific community and the public alike. The safety and quality of these products become questionable even when the efficacy and potency may be guaranteed. Objective: The presence of heavy metals was determined. Methods: Two batches of five herbal bitters were purchased from different parts of Ilorin. Samples were prepared from these batches and analyzed for the presence of Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Their concentrations were compared with WHO permissible limits. The variations in the concentration of Cd, Fe, and Pb in the two batches of samples were also determined at P < 0.05. Results: The value of Cd ranged from 0.003-0.3mg/L, Pb 0.000-0.067mg/L and Fe 0.083-0.27mg/L. This study revealed that majority of the samples contained Cd and Pb in concentrations significantly lower than the permissible limits. However, the two batches of herbal bitters contained Fe with concentrations significantly higher than the official permissible limit of 0.1mg/L. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that Iron was present in all the samples with some concentrations significantly higher than the WHO permissible limit. Lead and cadmium were present in some of the samples with concentrations below the WHO permissible limit. Key words: Herbal bitters, lead, cadmium, iron, atomic absorption SpectrophotometerItem Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of the fruit and seed extract of Phoenix dactylifera linn and evaluation of its toxicological profile in albino rats(The West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacist., 2023) Abdul-Olumoh, H.A.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Njinga, N.S; Ojuade, F.I.; Aiyelero, O.M.; Kuranga, R.A.Background: Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is a common plant with various known benefits. The plant's health benefits have been associated with its high antioxidant profile. Objectives: To conduct phytochemical, antioxidant, metal and vitamin analysis, and evaluate the hematological and biochemical effects of the fruit and seed extracts of Phoenix dactylifera. Methods: Evaluation of Phoenix dactylifera for phytochemicals was conducted using standard methods. Quantitative determination of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and various in vitro antioxidant activities (DPPH FRAP) was carried out using colorimetric methods. Results: Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and tannins in both extract. The antioxidant activity was also found to be 83.86 to 88.43% for seeds and 63.49 to 85.06% for fruit. The fruit and seed extracts contained Vit A (0.52/0.46 IU/100g), C (16.26/0.79 mg/100g), and (45.63/49.87 mg/100g). Metal analysis indicated the presence of Mg, Zn, Ca, Cu, I and K with the seeds having higher concentration of the metals than the fruits. Serum biochemical analysis indicated no deleterious effects on vital organs, no significant changes observed in the levels of ALT, AST, albumin, bilirubin and total protein. The histopathological findings in the kidney and of rats treated with the extract were found to be normal Hematological parameters showed no significant difference from control but MPV and MCV concentration were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in animals treated with 100 mg/kg of the methanol seed extract. The body weights increased in a dose-dependent manner in rats treated with fruits extract. Conversely, a decrease in body weight was observed in those treated with seed extract. Conclusion: The seed and fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera did not produce any toxic effect in the rats.Item Potency evaluation of expired morphine sulphate injections.(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Published by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria., 2021) Abdullahi, S.T.; Yusuf, A.; Njinga, N.S.; Eniayewu, O.I.; Bamidele, O.D.; Amali, M.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.Expired drugs have not necessarily lost their potency and efficacy as expiration dates are only assurances that the labeled potency will last at least until that time. Clinical situations may arise in which expired medicines might be considered owing to lack of viable alternatives or financial concerns. Moreover, limited studies have reported potency of pharmaceuticals beyond their labeled expiration dates. This study determined the potencies of expired morphine sulphate (10 mg and 15 mg) injections using British Pharmaceutical Codex specific absorptivity [E (1%, 1 cm)] values of 41 [at wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax) of 285 nm] in water and 70 [at λmax of 298 nm] in 0.1N NaOH and compared with that of unexpired morphine hydrochloride (10 mg) injection. With the exception of expired morphine 15 mg injection, both the unexpired and expired 10 mg injections exceeded the United State Pharmaceutical Codex maximum acceptance limit of 110.0% (acceptance criteria of 90.0% – 110.0%). Although the percent contents of expired morphine 15 mg injections were significantly different from those of unexpired morphine 10 mg injections [mean percent content difference (95% confidence interval): 13.98% (11.05, 16.92) using water and 13.02% (8.95, 17.08) using 0.1N NaOH], expired morphine 10 mg injections were not significantly different from the unexpired morphine 10 mg injections [2.68% (-0.56, 5.92) using water and 7.33% (-3.40, 18.06) using 0.1N NaOH as assay solvents]. This study corroborates a previous report and indicates that expired morphine injections, if properly stored, can be extended past their expiration dates. While it is always best to use unexpired medication, expired morphine injections could be considered when it becomes the sole available option.Item The role of Nigerian Pharmacists in promoting lifestyle modification in prevention and control of hypertension.(The Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria., 2015) Ayanniyi, R.O.; Jamiu, M.O.; Kola-Olaniyan, M.Background: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable conditions worldwide and currently a global medical and public health issue. A public health approach to the prevention and control of hypertension needs to be adopted, one that promotes healthy dietary habits, a tobacco-free lifestyle, regular physical activity and a supportive psychosocial environment. Pharmacists and other health care professionals will play a vital role in the promotion and success of this approach, because they interact on a regular basis with a large proportion of the population and are well placed to counsel individual patients. The objective of this study was to document the role of Nigerian pharmacists in promoting lifestyle modification in the prevention and control hypertension. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study conducted during the Annual National Conference of Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (2013) in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 370 Community and Hospital Pharmacists. Descriptive data was presented in the form of frequency and percentages. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi square test and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Three hundred and fifty questionnaires were completed giving a response rate of 94.6%. The respondents (60.3 %) performed blood pressure screening and monitoring in their practice setting while 52.9 % educate and counsel patients on life style modification. There was a significant association between Pharmacist’s educational qualifications and the provision of blood pressure screening and 2monitoring services (P=0.000) but none with patients education about life style modification (P=0.272). The Pharmacist’s area of practice was found to be significantly associated with the provision of patients education and counseling (P=0.000). Conclusion: Nigerian Pharmacists educate and counsel their patients on healthy dietary habits, dietary salt restriction, healthy body weight, regular physical activity and reduction in alcohol consumption. They also provide blood pressure screening and monitoring services to their patients.Item Toxicity assessment of sub-acute and sub-chronic oral administration and diuretic potential of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces(Heliyon, 2020) Njinga, N.S.; Kola-Mustapha, A.T.; Quadri, A.L.; Atolani, O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Buhari, M.O.; Amusa, T.O.; Ajani, E.O.; Folaranmi, O.O.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Kambizi, L.; Oladiji, A.T.; Ebong, P.