Browsing by Author "Attah, F. A"
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Item ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC POTENTIALS OF THE ROOT BARK EXTRACT OF SABA COMORENSIS (BOJER) PICHON (APOCYNACEAE) USED IN NIGERIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020-03) Attah, F. A; Chukwudulue, U. M.; Diyaolu, O. A.; Njinga, N. S.; Abdullahi, A. A.; Agunu, A.; Musa, K. Y.Painful and inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, backache, headaches, asthma and peptic ulcer disease are widespread and highly prevalent. The existing drugs for these conditions are liable to sub-optimal efficacy, intolerable adverse effects, prohibitive costs or limited availability. This scenario calls for renewed search for additional anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Hence, in line with the Traditional uses of plants, this study investigated the ethanol extract of Saba comorensis (Bojer ex. A.DC.) Pichon, for its safety, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in rodents using standard experimental protocols. The LD50 (i.p.) for the ethanol extract obtained from the geometric mean of doses was 770 mg/kg. Compared with the negative controls, the ethanol extract exhibited significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic and dose-independent analgesic effects, while the petroleum extract did not induce any significant ulcerogenic effects. These findings suggest Saba comorensis ethanol root extract may be relatively safe and possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and may justify its use as traditional remedy for painful and inflammatory conditions. There is the need to investigate the study plant further for anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug discoveryItem Antimicrobial activities of volatile oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon citratus against organisms isolated from Nigerian currency notes(Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources by by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria., 2023-02-19) Ayinde, B. A; Bello, R. H; David, M. S; Olawoye, O.I; Lawal, B. A; Abdullahi, A. A; Attah, F. A; Usman, S. O; Njinga, N. SNaira notes are means of exchange for goods and services that may act as fomites in the transmission of pathogens. This study determined the identities of microorganisms isolated from notes and their susceptibilities to antibiotics and volatile oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora. Fifteen notes (₦50-₦500) obtained from two Ilorin markets were soaked in sterile water and loopful of each sample was inoculated onto appropriate agar plates. Isolates were identified using standard methods, confirmed with Identification System and Mycological Atlas. Disc and agar diffusion methods were employed for susceptibility tests and positive controls were Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. S. aureus (42%) was the most prevalent bacteria, Serratia odorifera (11.1%) including Aspergillus niger (1) while some had multiple bacteria. The isolates exhibited 100% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%), ceftazidime (57%), sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim (43%) and 100% sensitivity to gentamicin. All S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant – MRSA and vancomycin susceptible while A. niger exhibited 100% sensitivity to fluconazole. The volatile oil of C. citratus exhibited highest growth inhibitory effects with MBC and MIC of 3.13-0.39 and 1.56-0.39 mg/mL respectively; the oil of E. citriodora exhibited the least activity. This oil can be used as antiseptics against Naira fomites.Item Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic Extracts of Leaf of Senna alata and Bark of Piliostigma thonningii and the effect of their combination against Skin Infections.(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Development & Practice, 2020-06) Afosi, A. B; Shittu, A. O; Adekunle, R. B; Bello, R. H; Attah, F. A; Eniayewu, I. OThe skin is the largest, multi-layered organ with a protective function. However, a breach as a result of damage to the epidermis causes micro-organisms to penetrate and cause infections. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of the extracts of leaf of Senna alata and bark of Piliostigma thonningii as well as possible effect of the extracts combination in varying ratios. Ethanolic extracts of leaf of S. alata and bark of P. thonningii were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against selected Gram-positive - Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative - Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Citrobacter freundii, Yersinia enterocolitica; and fungal strain - Candida albican using agar well diffusion method at 100, 200 and 300 mg/mL and in combination at 75:25, 25:75 and 50:50 ratios against selected microorganisms. Gentamicin and Nystatin were used as positive controls. Triplicate zones of inhibition were measured after 24 and 72 hours for bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. The extracts of S. alata and P. thonningii had means of zones of inhibition ranging from 24.00±1.06 to 13.00±0.00 and 30.00±0.43 to 15.00±1.00 against S. aureus and 21.50±0.25 to 18.00±0.00 and 19.00±0.43 to 17.00±0.81 against E. coli respectively. Only the extract of S. alata showed antifungal activity with mean of zones of inhibition ranging from 30.00±0.53 to 12.00±0.82 against C. albicans. The synergistic activity S. alata and P. thonningii at ratio 50:50 produced the highest activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Considering these antimicrobial activities observed, the two extracts have shown interesting potentials in the treatment of skin infections.