Antimicrobial activities of volatile oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon citratus against organisms isolated from Nigerian currency notes
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Date
2023-02-19
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Publisher
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources by by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Abstract
Naira notes are means of exchange for goods and services that may act as fomites in the transmission of pathogens.
This study determined the identities of microorganisms isolated from notes and their susceptibilities to antibiotics and
volatile oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora. Fifteen notes (₦50-₦500)
obtained from two Ilorin markets were soaked in sterile water and loopful of each sample was inoculated onto
appropriate agar plates. Isolates were identified using standard methods, confirmed with Identification System and
Mycological Atlas. Disc and agar diffusion methods were employed for susceptibility tests and positive controls were
Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. S. aureus (42%) was the most prevalent bacteria, Serratia odorifera (11.1%) including
Aspergillus niger (1) while some had multiple bacteria. The isolates exhibited 100% resistance to
amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%), ceftazidime (57%), sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim (43%) and 100% sensitivity to
gentamicin. All S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant – MRSA and vancomycin susceptible while A. niger
exhibited 100% sensitivity to fluconazole. The volatile oil of C. citratus exhibited highest growth inhibitory effects
with MBC and MIC of 3.13-0.39 and 1.56-0.39 mg/mL respectively; the oil of E. citriodora exhibited the least activity.
This oil can be used as antiseptics against Naira fomites.
Description
Keywords
Naira notes, Microbial contamination, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Volatile oils