Browsing by Author "Arise, R.O."
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Item Activation of Rat Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase by Taurine May be an Alternative Mechanism of Endotoxemic Injury Protection(Faculty of Science, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, 2015-06) Arise, R.O.; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Olajunyin, A.; Akiode, O.S.; Olatomiwa, O.J.Investigation of the effect of taurine on the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) by rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP), L-phenylalanine inhibition of ALP and the mechanism of ALP activation by taurine as well as its role in endotoxemic injury protection was carried out. Rat intestinal ALP was exposed to taurine, and L-phenylalanine at varying concentrations and periods of time. Substrate concentration-dependent kinetic analysis was carried out at 10 mM concentration of taurine and 5.17mM of p-NPP. The concentration dependent kinetic analysis of L-phenylalanine was also investigated at 60 mM. The partially purified rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was also investigated in the presence of taurine. Their interactive effect on L-phenylalanine inhibition was also analyzed. Investigation of the effect of taurine on rat intestinal ALP hydrolysis of p-NPP revealed that taurine is an activator of intestinal ALP. At 10 mM taurine and 60 mM L-phenylalanine, taurine relieved Lphenylalanine inhibition of rat intestinal ALP. The effect of lipopolysaccharide in the absence and presence of taurine on ALP activity was also carried out in vivo. The kinetic analysis of the data from the in vivo study revealed that rat intestinal ALP activity is higher (12x10-3nmol-1min-1mg protein) in the presence of taurine and LPS when compared with the activity in the presence of LPS (9x10-3nmol-1min-1mg protein) or taurine (8.8x10-3nmol-1min-1mg protein) alone. From this study, it may be concluded that the activation of rat intestinal ALP by taurine may be one of the mechanisms of endotoxemic injury protection.Item Catalytic cofactors (Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions) influence the pattern of vanadate Inhibition of the monoesterase activity of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2014) Igunnu, Adedoyin; Arise, R.O.; Adebayo, J.O.; Olorunniji, F.J.; Malomo, S.O.The mechanism of modulation of vanadate inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by catalytic cofactors has not been fully characterized. We investigated the effect of the interaction of catalytic cofactors (Mg2+ and Zn2+) and vanadate (an active site inhibitor) on the rate of hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) (monoesterase reaction) by calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP). The results showed that vanadate significantly inhibited ʻcofactor-freeʼ CIAP, and the inhibition was relieved by the presence of the catalytic cofactors in the reaction. Our results show that the absence of the cofactors did not significantly alter the Km of the reaction, but caused a decrease in the Vmax. Kinetic analyses showed that vanadate inhibited CIAP-catalyzed hydrolysis of pNPP by decreasing the Vmax and increasing the Km of the reaction. The presence of cofactors in the reaction alleviated the effect of vanadate by increasing the Vmax and decreasing the Km. The activity of the dialyzed CIAP was increased by the addition of catalytic cofactors to vanadate-inhibited enzyme. This study provides preliminary data that reversible inhibition of CIAP is subject to the influence of catalytic cofactors. Further studies will reveal detailed mechanistic aspects of this observation and its significance in the biological system.Item Cofactor interactions in the activation of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase: Synergistic effects of Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2007) Olorunniji, F.J.; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Adebayo, J.O.; Arise, R.O.; Malomo, S.O.The interactions of Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions in the activation of non-specific tissue alkaline phosphatase were investigated using crude extracts of rat kidney. Activation of alkaline phosphatase by the metal ions was accompanied by changes in the kinetic parameters of p nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis. The results suggest some synergistic interactions between Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions in promoting the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate by alkaline phosphatase. The results show that assays of alkaline phosphatase activity in homogenised tissue samples will give better responses if both Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions are included in the reactions.Item Comparative Study on the Antioxidant Activities of Ethyl acetate and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Celosia argentea(Nigeria Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2014) Malomo, S.O.; Yakubu, M.T.; Amira, O.J.; Sulyman, A.O.; Dosumu, O.O.; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Oluwaniyi, O.O.; Arise, R.O.; Adebayo, J.O.The present study was carried out to compare the secondary metabolites, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities as well as the safety of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Celosia argentea leaves in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rats. The secondary metabolite screening was done by standard methods while the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using ammonium thiocyanate, reducing power and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging models. In the in-vivo antioxidant and toxicological studies, thirty rats (Rattus novergicus) weighing 137.05 ± 5.84g were completely randomized into six groups (A-F) of five animals each. Animals in group A received orally 0.5ml of distilled water for 7 days while those in groups B, C, D, E and F received same volume corresponding to 8 mg/kg body weight (bw) of cadmium, in addition to simultaneous administration of distilled water, 100 mg/kg b.w of ascorbic acid, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extract respectively. Biochemical indices of in vivo antioxidant activities and toxicity were evaluated in the animals after the treatment period. The ethyl acetate extract of C. argentea contained saponins (1.67%), tannins (0.65%), cardenolide and dienolides (1.20%) and phenolics (0.42%) whereas the methanolic extract contained saponins (3.20%), tannins (0.65%), cardenolide and dienolides (0.006%) and phenolics (5.72%). Reducing sugar, steroids, and glycosides were only detected in the ethylacetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract and ascorbic acid, at 50 mg/ml, inhibited linoleic acid oxidation by 51.00 and 24.2% respectively whereas the methanolic extract produced 51.01% inhibition. Ethylacetate extract at 10, 50 and 100 mg/ml produced reducing power of 0.116, 0.092 and 0.127 nm whereas the methanolic extract produced 0.131, 0.185 and 0.183nm when compared with ascorbic acid that gave 0.092, 0.089 and 0.107 nm. The 100 μg/ml of both the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts scavenged 82% and 30% respectively of the DPPH radical as against 65% in ascorbic acid. Both the extracts attenuated the cadmium chloride treatment related reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alanine and aspartate transaminase as well as the levels of uric acid, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin, total protein and the Cd elevated levels of malondialdehyde in the serum and tissues of the animals in a manner similar to that of the ascorbic acid treated animals and the non-Cd treated animals administered distilled water; with the ethyl acetate producing a better result. The totality of the results conferred antioxidant activity on the ethyl acetate extract and methanolic extract by the phenolic components of the extracts via induction of the antioxidant enzymes and scavenging of free radical. The extracts also reversed cadmium induced changes in the biomarkers of liver damage.Item Effect of artesunate and amodiaquine on rat hexobarbital sleeping time and some hepatic biochemical parameters(Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2012) Arise, R.O.; Akiode, S.O.; Igunnu, A.; Malomo, S.O.Item Effect of Moringa oleifera flower fortification on the nutritional quality and sensory properties of weaning food(Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014) Arise, A.k.; Arise, R.O.; Sanusi, M.O.; Esan, O.T.; Oyeyinka, S.A.Moringa oleifera is a nutrient rich plant that has the potential to combat malnutrition problems in Africa. This study aims to investigate the effect of fortification using Moringa oleifera flower powder on the sensory and proximate attributes of fermented yellow maize and millet blend (Ogi). The formulation was grouped into seven blends in ratio 100:0:0, 70:30:0, 70:25:5, 70:20:10, 70:15:15, 70:10:20, 70:5:25 for maize, millet and Moringa oleifera flower powder (MOFP) respectively. Moringa oleifera flower was air-dried for 5days, milled and sieved to obtained fine powder. The fine powder was mixed thoroughly with fermented maize and millet, wet milled and sieved. The proximate composition of fermented yellow maize and millet (Ogi) fortified with Moringa oleifera flower powder showed an increase in crude protein, crude fibre, ash and fat with increase in the levels of Moringa oleifera flower powder and decrease in carbohydrate and moisture content. Moisture, protein, fibre, fat, ash and carbohydrate contents varied in the range 7.92-9.74%, 10.46_16.06%, 2.31-4.13%, 2.90-4.07%, 1.23-1.93% and 66.45-73.25% respectively. Sensory evaluation shows that blend 6 (20% MOFP) compared favourably with the control. Also, nutritional analysis shows that blend 6 is favourable as weaning food. Therefore, blend 6 formulation can be used as alternative to the weaning foods to improve the nutritional status of children and help to curb protein malnutrition.Item Effects of co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine on some cardiovascular disease indices in rats(Elsevier, 2011) Adebayo, J.O.; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Arise, R.O.; Malomo, S.O.The effects of co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine on some cardiovascular disease indices were investigated in albino rats (Rattus novergicus). The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups: those administered distilled water (control), those administered artesunate (2 mg/kg body weight), those administered amodiaquine (6.12 mg/kg body weight) and those co-administered artesunate (2 mg/kg body weight) and amodiaquine (6.12 mg/kg body weight). The drugs were orally administered twice daily for three days after which the serum lipid profile, heart MDA content and heart ALP and ACP activities were determined. Artesunate significantly reduced (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum with no significant effects (P > 0.05) on other parameters compared to controls. Amodiaquine, on the other hand, significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol concentration while it significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum LDL-cholesterol and heart ACP activity compared to controls. Co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine significantly reduced (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum while significantly increasing (P < 0.05) serum LDL-cholesterol concentration, atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) and ACP activity in the heart compared to controls. The results obtained suggest that co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine to patients with coronary heart disease should be with caution.Item Effects of storage conditions and periods on glycoalkaloids content and nutritional value od solanum tuberosum(Journal of Agricultural Research and Development Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2012) Arise, A.k.; Arise, R.O.; Muhammad, N.O; Idowu, O.A; Akiode, S.OA study was carried out to investigate the effects of storage conditions and periods on glycoalkaloid content and nutritional value of Solanum tuberosum. Freshly harvested tubers of Solanum tuberosum were purchased from terminal market in Jos and the glycoalkaloids content and proximate evaluation of the stored tubers were carried out based on the length of storage. The tubers were randomly grouped into 9. Groups 1-4 represent tubers stored for a period of 1-4 week(s) respectively under sunlight at room temperature while group 5 represents the control, in which the glycoalkaloids content was determined immediately after purchase. Tubers in groups 6- 9 were stored in the dark for 1-4 weeks respectively. The results showed that the concentration of glycoalkaloid (900mg/100g ±0.01) in gr oup 5 tubers is significantly low (p<0.05) when compared with groups 1-4 tubers. Also the glycoalk aloids concentrations (1050mg/100g±0.01, 1100 mg/100g±0.01, 1200mg/100g±0.01 and 1350mg/100g±0.01) of groups 1-4 respectively were significantly elevated (p<0.05) when compared with the control and tubers stored in the dark. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the concentrations of glycoalkaloids of groups 6-9 and the control. Nutritional evaluation revealed considerable amount of measured nutrient without significant difference (p>0.05) in all the tubers stored in darkness, but there were significant reductions (p<0.05) in the proteins of groups 1-4 tubers when compared with the control and tubers stored under the dark condition. The increase in the glycoalkaloids content of Solanum tuberosum stored under sunlight could be attributed to exposure to light causing greening, mechanical stress and damage to the tubers, one of which is depletion of protein concentration. Such tubers can predispose consumers to acute symptoms, such as gastrointestinal disorders. Storage in the dark is hereby suggestedItem Ivermectin Protects Against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in the Rat(Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2013) Arise, R.O.; Arise, A.k.; Malomo, S.O; Oyewole, I.O.Monosodium glutamate (MSG), an established excitotoxic food additive, has been found to induce oxidative stress in all tissues. To examine the protective effects of ivermectin on MSG-induced excitotoxicity, twenty-eight male albino rats were randomized into group 1, the control, which received 1 ml oral administration of distilled water; group 2, aqueous solution of MSG (4 mg/kg body weight/day); group 3, co-administered with the same dose of MSG and 0.4 mg/kg body weight of ivermectin; group 4,orally administered with the same dose of MSG for 2 weeks after which ivermectin was orally administered for 1 week. Oral administration of MSG for 21 days, and for only 14 days followed by oral administration of ivermectin for 7 days, significantly increased (p<0.05) glutathione-Stransferase, nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as malondialdehyde and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations while the activities of Na+-K+- ATPase, Ca2+- Mg2+-ATPase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly reduced (p< 0.05) when compared with the control. However, co administration of MSG and ivermectin for 21 days showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in all the parameters investigated when compared with the control. This result suggests that ivermectin may exert protection against MSG-induced excitotoxicity in rats.Item Microbial, Nutritional and Sensory Evaluation of Traditional Sundried okra (orunla) in selected Markets in South-Western Nigeria(Science Alert/Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012) Arise, A.k.; Arise, R.O.; Akintola, A.A.; Idowu, O.A.; Aworh, O.C.The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial load and evaluate the nutritional content and sensory property of traditional sun dried okra (“orunla” - Yoruba, Nigeria). Samples were purchased from four different markets at different time in South-western Nigeria. Microorganisms present in the samples were analyzed on nutrient agar, potato dextrose agar and malt extract. Proximate evaluation of the sun dried okra was also carried out to determine the protein, ascorbic acid, ash and crude fibre contents.Nutritional evaluation revealed considerable amount of measured nutrient without significant difference (p>0.05) inspite of the time and place of purchase. Sensory evaluation of the samples showed that they were generally acceptable to a taste panel. Microbial study identified Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillstamari, Fusarium compactum, Rhizopus nigricans and Bacillus lichiniforms as some of themicroorganisms present in the sun-dried vegetable. This study thus, suggested that sun-dried okra could be consumed but when processed under control microbial condition.