Browsing by Author "Amase Nyamngee"

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    Identification of neurotherapeutic constituents in Ocimum gratissimum with cholinesterase and mono amine oxidase inhibitory activities, using GC-MS analysis, in vitro, and in silico approaches
    (Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 2023-05-04) Anoka A Njan; Esther O. Olaleye; Saheed O. Afolabi; Immanuel Anoka-Ayembe; Gideon A. Gyebi; Amase Nyamngee; Udoka N. Okeke; Solomon O. Olaoye; Fortune M. Alabi; Oluwapelumi P. Adeleke; Hussaini D. Ibrahim
    Neuroprotective activities of various extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (OG), have been reported, but there is paucity of information on its neurotherapeutic constituents. This study is aimed at identifying the neurotherapeutic constituents in OG leaves using in vitro assays, GC-MS chemical investigation and in silico studies including molecular docking, ensemble-based docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, clustering and ADMET filtering analysis. Methanol extract of O gratissimum (MEOG) and solvent-partition (n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol residue fraction) of MEOG were investigated for in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition at concentration of 0.65, 12.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL, using donepezil, phenazine methosulfate and selegiline as reference inhibitors for AChE, BChE and MAO B respectively. n-hexane solvent partition fraction was further investigated using GC-MS analysis. Identified compounds were screened against human AChE, BChE and MAO-B activities using molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The lead phytochemicals were further analysed for ADMET in silico analysis. MEOG and the 3 fractions (n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol residue fraction) inhibited the activities of AChE, BChE and MAO-B in a concentration-dependent manner with AChE (IC50 = 2.380, 2.022, 2.066 and 1.079 mg/mL respectively), BChE (IC50 = 2.261, 2.126, 2.630 and 1.465 mg/mL respectively) and MAO-B (IC50 = 2.345, 1.584, 2.933 and 2.935 mg/mL respectively). From the 38 GC-MS identified compounds, 7 hit compounds were further subjected to ensemble-docking, the lead phytochemicals (LP): cholestane and 3-methoxy-morphanin presented highest multiple binding tendencies to the three enzymes. Cholestane had the highest binding energies of −9.9, −9.0 and −11 kcal/mol, while 3-methoxy-morphanin presented the second-best binding energies of −9.3, −8.2 and −10.1 kcal/mol respectively. When compared with the binding pattern of reference inhibitors of the enzyme, lead phytochemicals were orientated in the catalytic sites of the enzyme and interacted with important catalytic residues. The LP-enzyme complexes were stable during the MD simulation analysis. Cholestane and 3-methoxy-morphanin presented favorable ADMET properties over several molecular descriptors and filters, with druggable properties and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Hence, cholestane and 3-methoxy-morphanin, in part, or in synergy with other hit phytochemicals, may be responsible for the neurotherapeutic activities of MEOG leaves
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    Malaria Parasitaemia among Pregnant Women Possessing Freely Donated Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
    (G.J.B.A.H.S., 2014-03) Amase Nyamngee; Edungbola Luke Dayo; Edogun Abike Helen; Akanbi II Ajibola Aliu
    A study of malaria parasitaemia was carried out between June and December, 2012 among 285 volunteered pregnant women who had freely donated Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs). Conclusive diagnosis of plasmodiunm sp was based on finding the parasite in Giemsa-stained blood smears. Both thick and thin blood smear were prepared, using standard procedures. One hundred and one (26.2%) had malaria parasites. Seventy one (70.3%) of the 101 positive cases were anaemic. Pregnant women in the age group 36-40 years had the highest prevalence of malaria infection (86.2%). The prevalence of infection decreased significantly with parity, gestational age, the level of education and socio- economic status (P<0.01). Only 211 (54.8%) complied absolutely by using the net, while 95(24.7%) were absolute defaulters. The use of ITNs in malaria prevention and control is very promising. Health education and awareness promotion should be intensified to achieve absolute compliance, especially among pregnant women.
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    Mupirocin Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Nasal Carriers among Health Care Workers in Critical Units at The University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, North Central Nigeria
    (ASUU JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A Journal of Research and Development, 2021-12) Amase Nyamngee; Abdullahi Mohammed Ndagidzuru; Nwabuisi Charles; Ikpe Raphael Terlumun
    Mupirocin is a Topical Antimicrobial Agent with excellent anti- staphylococcal and anti-streptococcal activity. Mupirocin resistance of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a reported in some parts of the world. The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal carriers among Health Care Workers (HCWs) at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital to Mupirocin. One hundred and twenty Health Care Workers were selected. The demographic data of each of participants was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Two anterior nares swabs were taken from each of the 120 HCWs selected. Altogether, 240 anterior nares swab samples were collected. Identification of S. areus was done microscopically. Detection of MRSA was done using cefoxitin disc (30μg) diffusion method. Antimicrobial susceptibility Test was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using Mupirocin (5 μg), Mupirocin (200μg) and other antibiotics. The E-Test was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Mupirocin. Interpretations was based on Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. All the MRSA isolates in this study were sensitive to Mupirocin. Of the 240 nasal swabs collected from 120 HCWs, 150 swabs were isolated with S. aureus, 75 (50.0%) were MRSA. Of the 120 HCWs, 46 (38.3%) were carriers of MRSA. Potters (71.4%), Nurses (41.9%) and Doctors (37.5%) were the predominant carriers. All antibiotics used, except Mupirocin had some resistance to MRSA. The 100% susceptibility of MRSA to Mupirocin suggests it could be a drug of choice for nasal decolonization of MRSAin at risk populations.
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    Prevalence of Microsporidiasis and Associated Complications among HIV- Positive Patients in North-Central Nigeria
    (Contemporary Research Analysis Journal, 2025-04) Amase Nyamngee; Mariam Kehinde Sulaiman; Alyiu Ajibola Akanbi II
    Introduction: A study was carried out among HIV-infected patients at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between January 2023 and February 2024 to determine the prevalence of microsporidiasis among HIV-infected individuals. Methods: Seven hundred and fifty (750) stool samples were collected from HIV-infected patients and 375 samples from their non- infected counterparts (matched for age, sex and socio-economic variables). Chromoptrope 2R staining and Ficoll-Hipaque techniques were used to isolate pure microsporidia spores from the stool samples. Results: The prevalence of microsporidia isolates in the stool samples of 750 HIV-infected patients (42.4%) was significantly higher than among the HIV-non-infected subjects (19.2%) (P<0.05). The highest prevalence (77.3%) of microsporidia spores was recorded among the HIV-infected patients in the age group of 52–61 years while the least prevalence (26.4%) was from the age group of 2- 11years. Whereas the prevalence of microsporidiasis was higher in females (36.1%) than in males (33.1%), the difference was however not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were 13 observed complications of microsporidiasis among the HIV-infected patients and the prevalences of these complications were significant P<0.05. Conclusion: Microsporidiasis is prevalent among immuno-compromised (HIV/AIDS) patients with varying complications. Therefore, it is desirable that a drug of choice for the treatment of microsporidiasis should be developed. Health education campaigns to promote awareness, prevention and control of microsporidiasis should be mounted and routine laboratory search and identification of microsporidia in hospitals should be made mandatory and reportable.
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    Prevalence of molecular markers associat with Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in (three) malaria endemic local areas of Benue State, Nigeria
    (Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology,, 2024) Amase Nyamngee; Raphael Terlumun Ikpe; Mariam Kehinde Sulaiman
    Introduction: currently, malaria (primarily caused by 106 countries and is one of the most severe public health problems globally, leading the cause of deaths especially among children and pregnant women particularly in developing countries. This study determined the drug-resistance molecular markers in endemic local areas of Benue State, North-central Nigeria between June 2023 and September 2024. Methods: the conclusive diagnosis of P. falciparum stage of the parasite in Giemsa-stained blood smears examined under a compound microscope. The DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) extraction from Chelex extraction method. Nested polymerase chain reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR/RFLP) were used for the detection of resistance transporter (pfcrt), P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( reductase (pfdhfr) and P. falciparum dihydropteroate synthase ( SPSS Version 24.00 and inferences were drawn for Statistical significance at P<0.05. Results: the results revealed well-characteri aminoquinolines and the antifolate drugs indicating a high prevalence of resistance: 41%, 60%, 51% and 47% of P. falciparum isolates at codons N86 Conclusion: the prevalence of resistance of isolates to antimalarial drugs was significantly high. Therefore, strategies to reduce multiple-strain infections should be implemented to improve antimalarial drug efficacy and reduce the rate of spread of drug resi Introduction Malaria is found in over 106 countries and is one of the most severe public health problems, affecting half of the world's population and being a leading cause of avoidable death, especially among children and pregnant w Malaria fever originated in Africa and spread throughout the continent as the nomadic lifestyle was abandoned for agriculture which accidentally created favourable habitats for 2 Amase Nyamngee, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria currently, malaria (primarily caused by Plasmodium falciparum) remains prevalent in over 106 countries and is one of the most severe public health problems globally, leading the cause of deaths especially among children and pregnant women particularly in developing countries. This study e molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum infection in three malaria central Nigeria between June 2023 and September 2024. P. falciparum was based on identifying the characteristic asexual stained blood smears examined under a compound microscope. The P. falciparum positive blood samples was done using tion method. Nested polymerase chain reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR/RFLP) were used for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1), P. falciparum dihydrofolate dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps). Data were analysed using SPSS Version 24.00 and inferences were drawn for Statistical significance at P<0.05. characterized molecular markers of P. falciparum resistance to the 4 aminoquinolines and the antifolate drugs indicating a high prevalence of resistance: 41%, 60%, 51% isolates at codons N86Y, K76T, S108N, N51I and A437G respectively. the prevalence of resistance of isolates to antimalarial drugs was significantly high. strain infections should be implemented to improve antimalarial drug efficacy and reduce the rate of spread of drug resistance.
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    Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths among Asymptomatic School Children in Selected Rural and Urban Communities in North-Central Nigeria
    (The Journal of Anatomical Sciences, 2021-02-04) Amase Nyamngee; Idiat Modupe Sanda; Sulaiman Kehinde Mariam
    Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs) are a group of intestinal parasitic nematodes causing diseases in humans when exposed to their infective stages (eggs or larvae) thriving in warm and moist soil. This study ascertains the prevalence of STHs among school children in urban and rural communities in North-Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 1,372 randomly selected school children, aged 4 to 12 years from twelve public primary schools was conducted between November 2023 and May 2024. Stool specimens were collected from 686 pupils from Rural schools and 686 from Urban schools and examined using the direct wet mount and formal-ethyl acetate concentration techniques. Of the 1,372 stool specimens examined, 231(16.8%) were infected with at least one type of STHs comprising 18.3% and 15.3% prevalence in rural and urban communities respectively. Parasites identified were eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. The age group 7–9 years had the highest prevalence of 23.4%, but no significant difference seen in prevalence across age groups. Males (19.1%) had significantly higher infection than females (13.8%) in both rural and urban communities (p=0.036). The high prevalence of STHs infections in this study underscores the need for regular health education programs among pupils to further inculcate the practice of proper hygiene and the provision of social amenities in primary schools by concerned government agencies. Additionally, regular deworming of pupils is essential to reduce the disease burden.
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    Prevalence, intensity and complications of Microsporidium spores amongst HIV-positive hospital patients in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2013-11-26) Amase Nyamngee; Luke D. Edungbola; Olajide O. Agbede; Alakija K. Salami; Charles Nwabuisi; Aliu A. Akanbi II; Olatunde O. K. Ibrahim; Muchae Tilahun; Douglas B. Moser
    Background: Microsporidiasis, which is of great concern for immunocompromised patients, is poorly studied in developing countries. Objectives: A study was carried out amongst HIV-positive hospital patients and HIV- negative hospital controls in Ilorin, Nigeria, between January 2009 and July 2010 to determine the prevalence and intensity of Microsporidium spores and the complications associated with their presence. Method: Stool samples from 750 HIV-positive patients and 375 HIV-negative patients were studied using the Chromotrope-2R staining technique. Determination of CD4+ count was performed on the Partec Cyflow SL-3 CD4/8 instrument. Intensity of spores was determined by counting the total number of the spores in a 10 μl stained smear of stool. Images were captured with Phenix Microimage Analysis Software and data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: The prevalence of Microsporidium isolates amongst the HIV-positive hospital patients was significantly higher (42.4%) than amongst the HIV-negative controls (19.2%) (p < 0.05). The intensity of microsporidial spores amongst HIV-positive hospital patients was also significantly higher than amongst the controls (p < 0.05). However, the difference in the intensity of spores amongst HIV-positive patients who were on antiretroviral therapy (n = 411) and those who were not (n = 339) was not significant (p = 0.236). Microsporidiasis in HIV infection infection was common amongst patients with with low CD4+ counts, diarrhoea, body rashes and cough. Conclusion: Both the prevalence and intensity of Microsporidiasis are high amongst HIV- positive hospital patients; campaigns to promote awareness, prevention and control are required. Laboratory testing for microsporidia in HIV patients should be performed routinely so as to identify the organism for prompt medical attention.
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    Processing method influences the effect of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) consumption on blood lipid profile in rats
    (An International Journal of the Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2014-03-31) Adewumi Oluwafemi Oyabambi; Comfort Moyinoluwa Ibitoye; Sikiru Abayomi Biliaminu; Kazeem Bidemi Okesina; Amase Nyamngee
    T: Cassava is consumed in many tropical countries and is fast becoming the major raw material of many diets, especially in the bakery, brewery and pharmaceutical industries. This study was aimed at determining the effects of various formulations of Cassava feeds on blood lipid profile in rats. Forty adult Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 150 g were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The rats were acclimatized for one week; fed with different formulations of Cassava feeds ad libitum, after which the rats were allotted into groups. Group 1 was fed on Garri; group 2 on Cassava flour; group 3 on Tapioca, and the control group (group 4) on normal chow. After 4 weeks, each animal was anaesthetized by exposure to chloroform vapour and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture. Group 1 diet (Garri) significantly increased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration (p<0.05) compared with the control group. In Group 2 (Cassava flour), there was significant increase in the concentration of HDL-C (p<0.05). Group 3 (Tapioca) had a significant increase in TC, TG, LDL-C concentrations (p<0.05), but an insignificant increase in HDL-C concentration (p<0.05) when compared with the control. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Garri and Cassava flour but not Tapioca enhanced HDL-C in the blood, with Garri proving to be the better of the two.