Browsing by Author "Amali, Mohammed O"

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    Acute Toxicity Study and Evaluation of the Anxiolytic Activity of the Ethanol Leaf Extract of Bryophyllum Pinnatum (Kurz) in Mice
    (J. Pharm. Res. Dev. & Pract, 2019-04) Amali, Mohammed O; Atunwa, Soliu A; Aiyelero, Medinat O; Usman, Sukurat O; Olapade, Akeem I; Oyedotu, Eniola O; Omotesho, Quadri A
    Introduction: Anxiety is a psychiatric disorder and identified as the most common stress-related mood disorders causing disability and premature death. Due to the several adverse effects of conventional anxiolytics that have reduced the compliance tendencies of patients, alternative therapies are being sought. Although, studies have shown relative central nervous system effects of different fractions of Bryophyllum pinnatum, no study has specifically evaluated the anxiolytic activity of the ethanol leaf extract of the plant (EEBP) hence, this study. Materials and Methods: Mice (22–25 g) were randomly distributed into six groups (n = 5) and administered thus: Group I and II received intraperitoneally 1 mL/kg saline and 1 mg/kg diazepam as negative and positive controls respectively whereas Groups III, IV, V and VI received oral doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg of B. pinnatum extract respectively followed by open field (OF) paradigm procedure. Similarly, the pattern of EEBP administration was repeated for the mice and then subjected to Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test. Data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean (SEM) using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Results were regarded as significant at values of P < 0.05. Result: LD50 of EEBP is greater than 2000 mg/kg. EEBP exhibited a significant decrease in locomotion and rearing of mice at 500 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg respectively. Contrarily, a significant increase in the duration of time spent by the mice in the open arm was observed at 1000 mg/kg whereas, none of the treated doses showed a significant reduction in the frequencies of entries in the EPM paradigm. However, EEBP showed a reduction in the index of open arm avoidance compared to the saline group. Conclusion: EEBP exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory central effects and may possess potential anxiolytic effect. However, further studies are required to determine its molecular mechanism of action
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    Assessment of Antipiperacillin IgG Binding to Structurally Related Drug Protein Adducts
    (American Chemical Society. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2017-11-17) Amali, Mohammed O; Jenkins, Rosalind E; Meng, Xaoli; Faulkner, Lee; Whitaker, Paul; Peckham, Daniel; Park, Kevin P; Naisbitt, Dean J
    The risk of developing hypersensitivity to alternative antibiotics is a concern for penicillin hypersensitive patients and healthcare providers. Herein we use piperacillin hypersensitivity as a model to explore the reactivity of drug-specific IgG against alternative β-lactam protein adducts. Mass spectrometry was used to show the drugs (amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, benzyl penicillin, aztreonam, and piperacillin) bind to similar lysine residues on the protein carrier bovine serum albumin. However, the hapten-specific IgG antibodies found in piperacillin hypersensitive patient plasma did not bind to other β-lactam protein conjugates. These data outline the fine specificity of piperacillin-specific IgG antibodies that circulate in patients with hypersensitivity.
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    Current Methods in the Characterization of Immune Mechanisms Involved in the Elicitation of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions.
    (2019-04) Amali, Mohammed O; Ogese, Monday O; Ojulari, Sheriff L
    Abstract Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a major health problem worldwide. Incidences of ADRs in the developing world have been documented by various studies, and this highlights the need for greater understanding of the molecular basis underlying these reactions in individuals with identified drug hypersensitivity. We review the general theories of immune stimulation by small molecules and the molecular basis of immune involvement in the manifestation and pathophysiology of ADRs. We then describe the methods used in the evaluation of drug hypersensitivity and in the identification of specific antigens (immunogens) which could be implicated in the pathogenesis of ADRs. This review also highlights the problems faced by researchers in resource deprived countries, and recommends important steps to solve these problems. We are of the opinion that a concerted effort should be made to develop the infrastructures needed in developing countries to encourage scientific research in this burgeoning field of immunopharmacology.