Browsing by Author "Akanji, M.A"
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Item Biochemical and morphological alterations caused by silver nanoparticles in wistar rats(Published by Elsevier. Journal of Acute Medicine, 2015-09-02) Sulaiman, F.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Sulaiman, A.A; Olatunde, A; Hoseni, A.A; Olowolafe, Y.V; Nlebedim, R.N; Muritala, H; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.OObjective: This study evaluated the biochemical effect of the oral administration of silver nanoparticles on some biochemical parameters and tissue morphology. Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes with an average weight of 160 ± 5 g were randomly assigned into four groups. Animals in Group 1 served as the control and received 0.5 mL of distilled water (drug vehicle). Those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight silver nanoparticles, respectively. The animals were sacrificed under slight anesthesia 24 hours after the last treatment. Results: Silver nanoparticle exposure in rats elevated the level of rat serum total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, free glycerol, low density lipoproteincholesterol, and bilirubin ( p < 0.05) when compared with the control. The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was depleted by nanoparticle exposure, whereas the atherogenic index rose. The levels of albumin, urea, creatinine, as well as activities of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by the nanoparticles, whereas the total protein and alanine transaminase were inconsistently altered relative to the control. Furthermore, the nanoparticle treatment caused morphological lesions in rat cardiac, renal, and hepatic tissues relative to the control. Conclusion: We show evidence that silver nanoparticle potentiated biochemical changes predisposing to liver injury and cardiovascular disorder in rat.Item Effect of administration of Ibuprofen on the levels of parasitaemia, albumin and total protein concentration in rats infected with Trypanosoma bruce brucei(African Scientists, 2012) Sulaiman, F.A; Akanji, M.A; Yakubu, M.TTrypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats were administered intraperitoneally with ibuprofen at the dose of 0.02mg/kg body weight, thrice daily before infection (prophylaxis), three and ten days post infections (early and late stage respectively). Two sets of control groups were set up in parallel with the test groups viz: positive and negative controls. Parasiataemia was monitored on daily basis. The animals were sacrificed using diethyl ether, albumin (Grant et al., 1987) and the protein concentrations (Tietz, 1995) were determined in the liver, kidney, brain and serum using standard methods. Albumin and total protein concentrations were significantly (P< 0.05) reduced in the tissues of the rats in the late stage compared to the positive control and treated groups while the concentrations of the biomolecules were significantly elevated (P>0.05) in the serum of the late stage group compared to those of the positive control and treated groups. It was concluded that Ibuprofen could be a good candidate for the management of African sleeping sickness. Ibuprofen significantly (P<0.05) reduces blood parasitaemia compare to the controls and extended the life span of the rats by 2, 4 and 7 days in the late, early and prophylactic stages respectively.Item Haematological Status of T. brucei-infected Rats Treated with Ibuprofen(Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2010) Sulaiman, F.A; Akanji, M.A; Ekanem, J.TAvailable drugs in the management of African Trypanosomiasis are toxic, regimented and costly, generally non affordable by the poor and hence the need to continue research work in seeking inexpensive, readily available and less cumbersome approaches to the management and treatment of the disease. Ibuprofen belongs to a class of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It was chosen not only because it chelates iron, but also because it is cheap, readily affordable and available. In this study, Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats were treated with ibuprofen at three days before infection (prophylaxis), three days post infection (early stage) and ten days post infection (late stage). Three sets of controls were set up against the experiment: positive, negative and normal control. Haematological indices of the serum of each group of rats were obtained for day 6, 12 and 18 . It was observed that the PCV and Hb levels were significantly lower in the late stage-rats compared to the normal control. Ibuprofen was able to extend the life span of the rats for 2, 4 and 7 days in late, early and prophylaxis stages respectively. Thus, ibuprofen could be a useful, cheap and readily available drug in the management of African sleeping sickness for residents of disease endemic areas.Item Laboratory manual for practical Biochemistry(Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, 2015-07) Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Bewaji, C.O; Balogun, E.A; Malomo, S, O; Oladiji, A.T; Yakubu, M.T; Adebayo, J.O; Arise, R.O; Sulaiman, F.A; Igunnu, A; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.O; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Muritala, H.F; Abubakar, F.A; Modupe Olusegun; Soji-Omoniwa; Bello, O.K; Omar, SikemiPREFACE I am glad to present this edition of Laboratory Manual For Practical Biochemistry on behalf of the academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences,University of llorin,Ilorin, Nigeria. In August 2014, when I assumed the headship of the Department of Biochemistry,the need for increased emphasis on practical aspects of Biochemistry in all areas necessitated the design of Laboratory Manual for undergraduate curriculum. The aim is to produce a 'text guide'that provides students basic appreciation of the underlying principles and practical strategies of the analytical and preparative techniques that are fundamental to the study and understanding of Biochemistry.Adequate attention has been given to those techniques that students often encounter in their practical classes. The content of this text were written in such a way that even the average students can read and understand. Regarding the organization, the book consists of seven(7)sections. Section One deals with Basic Laboratory Ethics,presenting an overview of the departmental policy. laboratory ethies and instructions about results recording and presentation. Section Two is divided into Practicals 1, 2 and 3 covering handling of experimental animals and preparation of solutions with exercises to assess students'understanding. Section Three presents Practical 4 which dwells on amino acids and proteins, highlighting their specific reactions and tests:Practical 5 is on absorption spectra of pure substances.and estimation of urinary creatinine. Practical 6 describes tests for precipitation of proteins by heating,organic acids, mineral acids, ethunol and salts of heavy metals while Practical 7 dwells on isolation, puritication and identification of amino acids and proteins employing puper chromatography,gel filtration chromatogruphy and iscelectric point determination. Section Four is on enzymes and it is divided into Pructicals 8.9.10 and 11 with experiments ranging from pH effects-on enzyme activity to specific reactivity for the recognition of some enzymes.Section Five hus two Practicals (12 and 13) on vitamins. Section Six is divided into Practicals14.15.16.17and 18 covering carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolisi presenting tests for glucose, Inctic acid, pyruvic acid and estimation of RNA while Section Seven is on lipid metabolism and is subsectioned into Pructicals 19.20,21,22. 23 and 24.covering solubility and qualitative tests on lipids. TLC.reactions of bile acids and pigments,determinution of ketone bodies and cholesteroIin serum. On behalf of academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry,I wish to appreciate the support and approval for the publication and production of this text by the Vice-Chancellor,Prof.Abdulganiyu Ambali,OON.The efforts of all academic and technical Staff of the Department of Biochemistry is also acknowledged. Dr. R. O. Arise Ag.Head.Department of Biochemistry. University of llorin.llorin. July.2015 08052261156Item Lipid and Antioxidant Profile of Chitosan Bound Ethylacetate Fractions of Cocos nucifera Husk Fiber in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice(NISEB Journal, 2019) Sulaiman, A. Faoziyat; Oloyede, H.O.B; Akanji, M.A; Abdulraheem, A.M.O; Akolade, Jubril Olayinka; O., Garuba Taofeeq; Onaeko, Elizabeth Tosin; Aliyu, Najeeb Olamilekan; Balogun, Olalekan BashirMalaria is a parasitic disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. About 500 million cases of malaria occur every year, and one million people, mostly children living in sub-Saharan Africa, die as a result. This study was conducted to determine the lipid and antioxidant status of chitosan bound ethylacetate fraction of cocos nucifera husk fiber in p. berghei infected mice. Swiss albino mice were innoculated with Plasmodium berghei. The forty five mice were randomly assigned into nine groups, of 5 mice each. Administration of the Therapeutic Dose (TD) (80mg/kg) and Sub Therapeutic Dose (STD) (20mg/kg) (gotten from preliminary studies) of ethylacetate extract fraction of Cocos nucifera husk fibre coupled with chitosan and chitosan/alginate was done orally for four days post-inoculation and 0.2ml of the extract was administered. Group A served as positive control (not infected), Group B received appropriate volume of distilled water, Group C received 5mg/kg. Chloroquine (infected), Group D received80mg/kg of extract (therapeutic dose), Group E received20mg/kg of extract ( sub-therapeutic dose, infected), Group F received80mg/kg of extract + Chitosan + infected, Group G received20mg/kg of extract + Chitosan + infected, Group H received80mg/kg of extract + Chitosan/ Alginate + infected, Group I received20mg/kg of extract + Chitosan/Alginate + infected. At the end of the experimental period, selected tissues was collected, isolated and homogenized. Antioxidant (MDA, GSH and GST) and lipid profile activities (Cholesterol, HDL and LDL) were determined. The results reveal that, there was a significantly decreased in the level of the non-treated groups as compared to other treated groups and control in cholesterol, HDL and LDL level while there was significant increase in triacylglyeride level in non – treated groups compared to other test groups and control after the administered ethylacetate fraction of cocos nucifera bound to chitosan microparticles. In present study reduced glutathione (GSH), GST and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased significantly compared to test groups and control. These results suggest that ethylacetate fraction of Cocos nucifera husk fibre bound to chitosan microparticles may boost body’s antioxidant systems, which neutralizes the effects of free radicals and also able to reverse the change in serum lipid profile caused by malaria infection.