Browsing by Author "Abdulkareem, A.O"
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Item Alterations in T-helper cell type 1 and blood cell parameters in malaria-infected patients(Elsevier, 2017-05-23) Babamale, O.A; Abdulkareem, A.O; Opeyemi, O.A; Ugbomoiko, U.SMalaria is a global public health disease. Haematological and cytokine alterations are the major sources of its pathological conditions. Therefore, blood and serum of patients attending health centres were screened to investigate the effects of Plasmodium falciparum on the T-helper cell type 1 and blood cell parameters using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and automatic hematology analyzer respectively. Approximately 55% of malaria-infected patients with average parasitaemia of 2523.64 parasite/ll of blood concurrently suffered anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, microcytosis and hypochromasia. However, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were age-specific and their prevalences in children within 10 years were higher. These disease conditions significantly vary with severity of malaria infection (p < 0.05). Blood parameters with the exception of RBC and MCHC were significantly lower in the infected patients (p < 0.05) with 12.9% and 41.2% reduction in haemoglobin and platelet counts respectively. A high plasma concentration of IL-10, IL-12, INF-c and TNF-a, ratio of IL-10/TNF-a (1.86) and IL-10/INF-c (1.55) were recorded among the malaria-infected groups. This study revealed that unregulated interac tion of the parasite with host immune response has important consequences in disease progression and thus relevant for therapeutic and vaccine development.Item Anti-anaemia Potential and Safety of Morinda lucida Leaf Extracts in Balb/c Mice Induced with Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells(2017-11) Ala, A.A; Abdulkareem, A.O; Akomolafe, D.F; Ohia, C.M.DAnaemia, a major health challenge, results from factors including dietary deficiencies and malaria. Although reports from previous studies show that Morinda lucida is effective in the treatment of anaemia resulting from these conditions, little information exist to suggest its beneficial effects in treating anaemia resulting from cancer. This study therefore examined the anti-anaemia potential of M. lucida leaf extracts in Balb/c mice inoculated with rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Forty mice inoculated intra-peritoneally with RD cells were randomly divided into eight groups: A (untreated); Treatment groups —B1, B2 and B3 (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg aqueous M. lucida extracts respectively); C1, C2 and C3 (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg M. lucida ethanolic extractsrespectively) and D (Cisplatin).Themice were treated for 2 weeks and thereafter, blood samples were collected through the orbital sinus for haematological and serum biochemical analyses. ComparedwithgroupA(3.25±0.03), ethanolic leaf extractsofM.lucida 3 increasedwhite blood cell count(x10 ul)significantly (p?0.05)in groups C1,C2, andC3 (5.45±0.03, 6.00±0.05, and 5.60±0.10 respectively) but there was no significantincrease of the packed cell volume in groups C andE.Comparedwith groupA, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)levels were significantly lower in all treatment groups, and alkalinephosphatase levels(ALP)significantly lower in group B. The treatments therefore did not improve all haematological parameters in RD cell-bearing mice but elicited increased immune responses, were safe at the doses administered andconsequentlymaybebeneficialincancer therapy.Item Anti-plasmodial activity of sodium acetate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice(DE GRUYTER, 2018-04-10) Abdulkareem, A.O; Babamale, O.A; Owolusi, L.O; Busari, S.A; Olatunji, L.ABackground: Continuous increase in drug resistance has hindered the control of malaria infection and resulted in multi-drug-resistant parasite strains. This, therefore, intensifies the search for alternative treatments with no or less side effects. Several histone deacetylase inhibitors have been characterised to possess anti-malaria activity; however, their further development as anti-malaria agents has not recorded much success. The present study investigated the anti-plasmodial activity of sodium acetate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, aiming at finding a better alternative source of malaria chemotherapy. Methods: Thirty female Swiss albino mice were randomly distributed into six groups. Groups A (uninfected control) and B (infected control) received only distilled water. Group C (artesunate control) were infected and treated orally with 4 mg/kg artesunate on the first day, and subsequently 2 mg/kg artesunate. Groups D, E and F were infected and orally treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg sodium acetate, respectively. Results: Sodium acetate significantly lowered parasitaemia (p < 0.05) after 4 days post-treatment, and the parasite inhibition rate of 68.5% at 50 mg/kg compared favourably with the 73.3% rate of artesunate. Similarly, administration of 50 mg/kg sodium acetate improved serum total cholesterol relatively better than artesunate. Our results also revealed that sodium acetate does not interfere with liver function, as there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in both infected treated and uninfected mice. Conclusions: This study shows that sodium acetate may be a safe alternative source of anti-malaria drugs. Its effect on the serum total cholesterol also predicts its ability in correcting malaria-induced metabolic syndromes.Item Cardiorenal Effects of Pharmaceutical Plant Effluent in Mice (Mus musculus)(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2019-12) Abdulkareem, A.O; Olafimihan, T.F; Busari, S.A; Garuba, A; Oladipo, S.OMany pharmaceutical industries carelessly handle their effluents and indiscriminately release same to aquatic environment. These effluents often find their ways into surface and ground waters, contaminating public water and thus, serving as a potential threat to animals and human health. In this study, we investigated the cardiorenal effects of chronic oral exposure to pharmaceutical effluent in mice. Thirty male mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into groups A F and treated with 0.2 mLs 0.0 %, 2.5 %, 5.0%, 10.0%, 20.0% and 40% concentration (v/v, effluent/distilled water) of the effluent for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined in serum and heart homogenate, while uric acid, creatinine and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and chloride ions) were determined in serum only. Data were expressed as Means ± standard error of mean and values were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results showed that, oral exposure to pharmaceutical effluent reduced (p < 0.05) cardiac ALP, AST and ALT activities as well as serum ALT activity. However, serum activities of ALP, creatinine and uric acid were elevated (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was derangement of electrolytes (potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and sodium ions) in the exposed mice, compared with control. This study has demonstrated that poorly treated pharmaceutical effluent disrupted cardiac and serum enzyme activities, caused electrolytes imbalance and elevated serum uric acid level, suggesting that, drinking water contaminated with pharmaceutical effluent may impair kidney and cardiac functions. Further study, investigating the histology of the kidney and heart of the pharmaceutical effluent-exposed animals as well as mechanism(s) of cardiorenal toxicity of the effluent, should be carried out to exploit its roles in pathogenesis of cardiorenal diseases.Item COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE (ETHINYLESTRADIOL/ LEVONORGESTREL) ALLEVIATES LIPID AND LACTATE ALTERATIONS IN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI-INFECTED MICE(Assiut University, Egypt, 2022-04-08) Abdulkareem, A.O; Babamale, O.A; Abe, E.O; Olatunji, L.A; Ugbomoiko, U.SDespite the common use of combined oral contraceptive (COC) as a childbirth control pill, there is no sufficient information on the effect of COC in malaria. Hence, we aimed at investigating the effect of COC on parasite growth and the associated risk of metabolic disorder in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Twenty female mice were randomly allotted into four groups (n= 5/group): uninfected, infected (inoculated with P. berghei), COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel, p.o/day, without infection) and infected + COC. Percentage parasitaemia was recorded weekly. At the end of 21-day exposure, the mice were sacrificed, while blood and liver were collected for biochemical analyses. Our data showed progressive increase in parasitaemia in P. berghei-infected mice. Our findings also revealed that P. berghei infection did not affect serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC). It, however, elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum and liver triglycerides and liver TC. Elevations of serum and liver free fatty acid and lactate were also observed in P. berghei-infected mice. However, COC treatment lowered MDA level and attenuated lipid and lactate alterations in P. berghei infection. This study, therefore, suggests that COC possesses anti-plasmodial potential to mitigate malaria-associated metabolic disturbances. Further animal and human studies are necessary to validate our findings.Item Comparative studies of genotoxicity and anti-plasmodial activities of stem and leaf extracts of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) in malaria-infected mice(Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2017-09) Babamale, O.A; Iyiola, O.A; Adeyemi, S.B; Sulaiman, A.F; Abdulkareem, A.O; Anifowoshe, A.T; Awe, O.D; Ajani, D; Ugbomoiko, U.SDrug resistance in malaria infection is a serious public health challenge. Thus, scientific search for alternative treatment measures among the local medicinal plants is exigent. We therefore investigated the anti-plasmodial efficacy and genotoxicity of the methanolic leaf and stem extracts of Alstonia plant at varying concentration (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed that leaf sample contained significantly higher secondary metabolites, except saponins (p<0.05). Anti-plasmodial activities of the two extracts were duration and dose- dependent. Stem bark extract showed higher curative potential with inhibition rate of 56.71% at 400 mg/kg whereas, leaf extract was efficient at 600mg/kg with 52.15% inhibition rate. Stem bark extract at 400 mg/kg improved the enzymatic activities of the mice; it lowered serum ALT (6.88±4.42) and increased liver ALT (41.07±5.56). Similarly, 400 mg/kg leaf extract showed highest AST (70.65±4.00) and ALT (44.65±7.83) activities in the kidney and liver respectively. Analysis of genotoxicity revealed that micronucleus and abnormal (binucleated, notched and blebbed) were prevalent among the experimental mice which increased significantly (p<0.05) at all concentrations except at 600mg/kg leaf extract. Therefore, this present study indicates that both leaf and stem bark extracts of A. boonei possess anti-plasmodial activity and are less genotoxic when compared with standard drug.Item Effect of sodium acetate on serum activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice(Springer, 2020-10-11) Abdulkareem, A.O; Babamale, O.A; Aishat, L.A; Ajayi, O.C; Gloria, S.K; Olatunji, L.A; Ugbomoiko, U.SMalaria is a global health problem with severe morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Resistance of Plasmodium spp to the current anti-malaria drugs necessitates further search for novel effective drugs. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of sodium acetate on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Thirty male Albino mice were randomly distributed into 6 groups, A–F. Animals in Groups B–F were inoculated with P. berghei, intraperi toneally. Subsequently, Group C mice were treated with 20 mg/kg chloroquine, while groups D, E and F received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg sodium acetate, respectively. All treat ments were administered orally for 4 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislo cation and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for the analyses of serum glucose-6-phosphate dehydroge nase (G6PD), uric acid and lipid profile. Our results sho wed that Sodium acetate (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p\ 0.05) parasitaemia (67.11% and 77.62%, respectively) than chloroquine (61.73%). Besides, body weight and serum G6PD activity in P. berghei infection were improved. Similarly, sodium acetate reduced elevated serum uric acid. Effects of sodium acetate and chloroquine on biochemical parameters were comparable (p [0.05) but atherogenic lipid ratios were not affected by sodium acetate. These data put together suggested that activity of sodium acetate may be harnessed for development of novel anti-malaria drugs. However, more studies are required to delineate its mechanisms of action.Item Effect of untreated pharmaceutical plant effluent on cardiac Na+-K+- ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities in mice (Mus Musculus)(Elsevier, 2019-05-06) Abdulkareem, A.O; Olafimihan, T.F; Akinbobola, O.O; Busari, S.A; Olatunji, L.ACardiovascular diseases are major causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)-related throughout the world. Water pollution has been linked with the high global NCD burden but no report exists on the cardiotoxicity of untreated or poorly treated pharmaceutical effluent, despite its indiscriminate discharge into the aquatic environment in Nigeria, as in many other locations of the world. Thus, this study investigated the cardiotoxic effect of oral exposure to pharmaceutical effluent in mice. Thirty (30) male mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group A (control) received 0.2 ml distilled water, while groups B-F were treated with 0.2 ml 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 20.0% and 40% concentrations (v/v, effluent/distilled water) of the effluent respectively, for 28 days. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in heart weight and cardiac weight index were observed in the groups treated with 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% concentrations of the effluent, without significant change in body weight. Similarly, 28 day administration of the effluent showed significant decrease in cardiac Na+-K+-ATPase activity (p < 0.05) at concentrations 10% and above, in a concentration dependent manner. However, there was insignificant decrease in cardiac Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity of the exposed mice, when compared with the control group. This study provides novel information on the cardiotoxic effects of oral exposure to untreated pharmaceutical effluent, showing reduced Na+-K+-ATPase activity and decreseased myocardial atrophy. Therefore, drinking water contaminated with pharmaceutical effluent may promote the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Further studies on the exact mechanistic routes of the induced cardiotoxicity are recommended.Item Leaf extract of Morinda lucida improves pancreatic beta-cell function in alloxan-induced diabetic rats(Taylor & Francis, 2019-09-16) Abdulkareem, A.O; Igunnu, A; Ala, A.A; Olatunji, L.AChemotherapy remains the utmost treatment for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. This however, predisposes the patients to a wide range of serious complications, thus, the need for alternative therapeutic agents that target pancreatic β-cell function. This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of M. lucida (MLE) on β-cell dysfunction and atherogenic dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced T1D in rats. Twenty-five Wister rats (156- 168g) were randomly divided into normal, diabetic, diabetic + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), diabetic + 120 mg/kg MLE and diabetic + 240 mg/kg MLE groups (n = 5/ group). Treatments were via oral route for 14 days. Our findings revealed that, 120 mg/kg MLE significantly reduced hyperglycaemia, improved insulinaemia as well as β-cell function, and attenuated weight loss in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract also attenuated (p < 0.05) atherogenic dyslipidaemia and malondialdehyde. The activities of the extract compared favourably with glibenclamide. This study suggested that, hypoglycaemic and mitigating effects of aqueous leaf extract of M. lucida on atherogenic dyslipidaemia and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction were through reduction in lipid peroxidation. The extract may therefore represent an effective source of novel drugs against TID and cardiovascular diseases. Further study is recommended, to explore the extract’s mechanism of oxidative repair