Thesis and Dissertation for the Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Education
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Item STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES ON REALIZATION OF HEALTH FOR ALL IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2018) BABA, Dare AbubakarPrimary Health Care (PHC) services were adopted as a means of achieving “health for all”. Nigeria adopted the policy to ensure sustainable health development at the grassroots, but its effectiveness has been underscored due to some lapses noted in the implementation of the component services. This study investigated stakeholders‟ perceived influence of PHC services on realization of “health for all” in Kwara State, Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to examine stakeholders‟ perceived influence of: (i) PHC service of health education on prevailing health problems; (ii) adequate supply of water and basic sanitation; (iii) maternal and child health including family planning; and (iv) immunization against infectious diseases. A descriptive research design of survey type was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised of 7079 stakeholders which include village heads, health care providers, and members of PHC committees in the sixteen (16) Local Government Areas of Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 9880 respondents for the study. Researcher‟s designed questionnaire and focus group discussion guide validated by three experts from related fields were used for data collection. The reliability of the research instruments was determined using test re-test method in which correlation coefficient of 0.76 was obtained. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse demographic data, while Spearman Brown Rank Order Correlation and chi-square statistics were used to test the hypotheses in the study. Thematic analysis was done for the qualitative data generated from focus group discussion. The findings of the study were that: i. PHC services were key to the realization of health for all, [cal. r-value (0.99) > critical value (0.06)]; ii. PHC services of health education on prevailing health problems and method of preventing them influence realization of health for all, [cal. x2 value (743.06) > critical value (21.03)]; iii. PHC services of adequate supply of water and basic sanitation influence realization of health for all, [cal. x 2 (586.82) > critical value (21.03)]; iv. PHC services of maternal and child health, including family planning influence realization of health for all, [cal. x 2 value (708.32) > critical value (21.03)]; and v. The results of the thematic analysis revealed that most health facility committees in the State were not employing appropriate strategies for the realization of Health for All. The study concluded that PHC services delivery had influence on the realization of Health for All. This implies that PHC services are functioning well in Kwara State. The study therefore recommended that the Local Government Area Primary Health Care committees within the state should be encouraged to continue the delivery of all the component services by employing different strategies such as cohesive team approach, situation analysis, community mobilization, advocacy, community diagnosis and intersectoral collaboration.Item KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTIONS AND HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOURS TOWARDS MARITAL RAPE AMONG WOMEN IN OYO STATE(UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2018-07) OGUNWALE, AKINTAYO OLAMIDEMarital Rape is a public health problem which poses great threat to the health and wellbeing of many women. Despite the serious nature of the problem, it has received only minimal public health attention in Nigeria. Evidence-based data on knowledge, perceptions and issues on help-seeking behaviours which could be used to facilitate the design of appropriate interventions for addressing marital rape are scanty. The objectives of the study were to: (i) assess knowledge of health consequences of marital rape; (ii) determine perception of marital rape; and (iii) identify help-seeking behaviours relating to marital rape among married women in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design and employed mixed research methods. A total of 1,200 women who had ever been married and aged 18 – 60 years were sampled into the quantitative component of the study using a multi-stage sampling technique. A pretested researcher-designed semi-structured questionnaire with co-efficient alpha of 0.89 was used to collect quantitative data. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) guide was used to elicit qualitative data from 12 homogenous groups of women. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square (X2)at p = 0.05, while the FGD were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings of the study were that: i. knowledge of health consequences of marital rape was significantly determined by respondents’ educational status (X2=30.3, df=6, p<0.001); The FGD participants revealed that women often experience various health and social consequences such as body and vagina injuries, depression, divorce and strained relationships as a result of marital rape; ii. perception of marital rape was significantly determined by respondents’ age (X2=22.59, df=2, p<0.001); Majority of the FGD participants perceived marital rape as a less serious form of violence; and iii. help-seeking behaviour of marital rape was significantly determined by perception of marital rape (X2=10.43, df=2, p<0.001); The thematic analysis revealed that shame and fear of being stigmatized contributed to the behaviour of not seeking for appropriate help including healthcare, counseling services and social support. The study concluded that women’s educational status was a factor that influenced knowledge of health consequences of marital rape and women’s age was related to perception of marital rape. In addition, perception of marital rape influenced help-seeking behaviour among marital rape survivors. The implication of this study is that women’s knowledge, perception and help-seeking behaviour which are essential for marital rape control are inadequate. Therefore, the researcher recommended that community-based educational initiatives should be employed for promoting knowledge of health burden of marital rape. Public health education programmes focusing on changing perceptions that can increase vulnerability to marital rape should be organized for women in the communities. Also, social support should be given to marital rape survivors to enable them seek for appropriate forms of help.Item PREVALENCE, DETERMINANTS AND SELF-REPORTED EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG ATHLETES IN NATIONAL ATHLETICS CHAMPIONSHIP IN NIGERIA(UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2020-05) AMAO, Kayode OpeyemiDrug abuse is an excessive and persistent self-administration of drug without regard to the medically or culturally accepted pattern. The use of doping substances to enhance performance by athletes is currently a national and international social problem as it also affects their functional health. This study investigated the Prevalence, Determinants and Self-Reported Effects of Drug Abuse Among Athletes in National Athletics Championship in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: (i) determine the prevalence of drug abuse among athletes; (ii.) assess if financial reward for outstanding performance determines drug abuse among athletes; (iii). investigate if training facilities determines drug abuse among athletes; and (iv). examine the self-reported effects of drug abuse among athletes in National Athletics championship in Nigeria. A descriptive research design of survey type was employed. Population of the study comprised all active (487) and retired (113) athletes that participated in National Athletes Championships, Abuja in 2018, which in total of 600 athletes. All the 600 athletes were sampled and participated in the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire which was validated by three experts and tested for reliability that yielded a correlation co-efficient of 0.88 using Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula. The instrument was administered by the researcher and three research assistants. Percentage and Chi-square statistics were employed for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study were that; i. the prevalent drugs abused by the athletes in National Athletics Championship were; tramadol (58%), codeine (55%), and marijuana (55%); ii. financial reward for outstanding performance was a significant determinant for drug abuse among athletes in National Athletics Championship (cal. x² value = 214.86 is>crit. x² value = 16.92 df = 9); iii. training facilities was a significant determinant for drug abuse among athletes in National Athletics Championship (cal. x² value = 427.90 is>crit.x² value = 16.92 df=9); iv. watery eye was a significant self-reported physical health effect of drug abuse among the athletes(cal. x2 value = 187.92 is>crit.x² value = 16.92, df = 9); v. restlessness/hyperactivity was a significant self-reported physiological health effect of drug abuse among the athletes (cal. x2 value = 214 is>crit.x²value = 21.03, df = 12); and vi. aggression was a significant self-reported psychological health effect of drug abuse among athletes in National Athletics Championship in Nigeria(cal. x2 value=326.10is>crit.x² value = 21.03, df = 12) in National Athletics in Nigeria. The study concluded that athletes that are involved in the abuse of drug experienced some health challenges, although it improved their performances during competition. The implication is that the drug had devastating effects on their health. The study recommended that athletes should be discouraged on drug abuse and be educated on its side effects. Also doping test on drug abuse be carried out before training and competition proper.