Evaluation of the Clinico-haematological Characteristics and Pattern of Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria.
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Date
2020
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Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant haematologicaldisorder of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow resulting from clonal proliferation of haemopoietic progenitor cells with accumulation of myeloblasts in the blood, bone marrow and tissue infiltration. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the pattern of presentation, clinical features and haematological parameters of AML patients diagnosed at the Haematology Department of U.I.T.H, Ilorin between 1" January 2008 and 31“ December 2018. The study materials included Bone marrow registers from the department and case folders of all AML patients diagnosed within the study period. Relevant data including socio-demographic characteristics of patients, clinical features at presentation and laboratory tests results were extracted, documented and analyzed. Diagnosis of AML was made based on the findings of 20% blasts in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood and classified using FAB classification criteria.There were forty-six patients and their median age at diagnosis was 20.6 + 15.9 years.The highest prevalence of the disease was found in the 11 — 20 years age group.The most common presenting symptoms were fever (91.3%), pallor (84.8%), bleeding diasthesis (52.2%), and body weakness (45.7%).The mean+SD values of haematological
parameters in the patients wer—e PCV (19.9+5.8%), Hb cone. (6.6+1.9 g/dL), Total WBC (48.1+54.8 x 10’/L) and Platelet
Count (39.6+24.0 x 10’/L).The commonest subtype of AML in our study was M4 which was seen in 26 (56.5%) patients, followed by M5 observed in 10 (21.7%) patients. In resource-limited settings such as ours, the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with AML still rely on the clinical and laboratory features of the disease to a large extent, hence the need for Haemato-oncologists and Physicians to be conversant with these features.
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Keywords
Acute myeloid leukemia, clinical features, haematological, parameters, Ilorin
Citation
Babatunde, A.S., Durotoye, I.A., Shittu, A.O., Omokanye, K.O., Ogunfemi, M.K., Owoeye, O.A. & Sanni, E.O. (2020): Evaluation of the Clinico-haematological Characteristics and Pattern of Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 11 (1); 13-17.