Antimicrobial Screening of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae) Stem Bark Extract in Dermatological Formulations
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Date
2016
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Pharmaceutical research, development and Practices
Abstract
Abstract
The plantBridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae) has been known for its ethnomedicinal
uses, some of which have been justified by scientific studies. Various forms of presentations
such as decoction, powders have been used traditionally. None of these have been
standardized to assure stability, safety, efficacy, and appropriate dose delivery. The aim of
the present work was to develop an antimicrobial dermatological dosage formulation that will
be useful in the treatment of various skin diseases. Extraction of the stem bark was carried
out with boiled distilled water. The phytochemical constituent of the extract was determined.
Thereafter, the extract was formulated into creams using vanishing cream base as a vehicle at
concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%w/w respectively. The formulation was evaluated for
physical characteristics and then tested against selected organisms such as Staphylococcus
aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus
nige rusing Gentamicin and Ketoconazole creams as reference compounds. The results
showed the presence of flavonoids, saponin, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids and
alkaloids as secondary metabolites. The creams gave favourable physical characteristics. The
antimicrobial evaluation showed that the cream formulations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 %w/w) had
inhibitory effect against organisms used. This inhibition was of increasing order across the
concentration range of the formulations tested. The only exception was 2.5 %w/w
concentration that did not show inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cream
formulations of the stem bark extracts of B. ferruginea exhibited favourable physical
characteristics and promising antimicrobial activities, it could therefore be used in the
treatment of certain skin infections.
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Keywords
Bridelia ferruginea, Creams, Antimicrobial, Organisms, Inhibition.