Dichlorvos Induced AChE Inhibition in Discrete Brain Regions and the Neuro-Cognitive Implications: Ameliorative Effect of Nigella Sativa
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Date
2018-05-13
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Abstract
Background: There has been a rise in accidental poisoning cases resulting from the indiscriminate use and
exposure to Dichlorvos (DDVP), especially in developing countries, and no antidote with satisfactory efficacy is
currently available. Thus, we investigated the AChE reactivation potential of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following DDVP
induced AChE inhibition patterns in the brain and the associated cognitive implications.
Methods: Fourty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each.; The controls were administered
PBS (1 ml/kg); DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) was given to the experimental group I; while DDVP+NSO (8.8 mg/kg + 1 ml/kg)
and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental groups II and III respectively. All treatments lasted
for 14 consecutive days. Morris Water Maze (MWM) paradigm was used to assess the working memory, then rats
were euthanized, the brain excised, three brains were fixed for histological examination (Nissl staining), and the other
seven brains were homogenized for AChE activity and Ca2+ concentrations. Data were analyzed statistically, using
ANOVA method and P values of ≤0.05 was considered as signi icant.
Results: In this study, DDVP differentially inhibited AChE activities in various brain regions: cerebellum (86.1%),
hippocampus (40.6%), frontal cortex (33.2%), medulla (21.5%), spinal cord (14.8%), and occipital cortex (8.9%). It
reduced Ca2+ concentration, but had no effect on the delayed escape latency in the MWM, nor impaired the neuro
architectures. NSO caused increased AChE activities, Ca2+ concentration and reduced escape latency, and improved
histologic architectures.
Conclusion: We concluded that NSO reactivated DDVP-induced AChE inhibition and improved memory indices,
thus, it may serve as a potential treatment in the management of DDVP poisoning cases.
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Keywords
Acetylcholine Esterase, Dichlorvos, Nigella Sativa, Organophosphate, Working Memory.
Citation
Imam, A., Adebayo, M., Imam, A.W., Alli-Oluwafuyi, A., Amin, A., Ibrahim, A., Gwadabe, S.M., & Popoola N.A. (2018). Dichlorvos Induced AChE Inhibition in Discrete Brain Regions and the Neuro-Cognitive Implications: Ameliorative Effect of Nigella Sativa. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 12(5), pp.11-16. Published by Arak University of Medical Sciences. Available online at : http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-700-en.html. https://api-uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/server/api/core/bitstreams/829f50c0-9f9a-4877-bb9d-f5b5ecc8d304/content