Use of botanicals and poultry manure as potential bio-nematicides against root-knot nematodes infecting cucumber
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Date
2024
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Published by Kyushu University, Japan.
Abstract
Abstract
Crop losses due to root-knot nematodes are typically mitigated by the application of highly toxic chemical
nematicides. Which can be expensive. Consequently, ongoing efforts are focused on the search for ecofriendly and
sustainable strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of soil amendments in management of
Meloidogyne incognita both a screen house and a field setting. Four varieties of cucumber, all infected were evalu
ated for the effectiveness of soil amendments against in nematodes. The experimental design included a factorial
set-up in a completely randomised design and for the screen house and a randomized complete block design for the
f
ield. Phytochemical screenings of botanicals were carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Data
were collected on various parameters, including fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, fruit yield, soil and root
nematode population, reproduction factor, number of egg mass, and gall index. Numerical data obtained were
analyzed using descriptive statistics of Microsoft excel packaged and analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the screen
house, all four susceptible cucumber varieties exhibited highly pathogenicity when exposed to 2000 juveniles of
root-knot nematodes. Powdered poultry manure demonstrated comparable efficacy to carbofuran in reducing the
number of root-knot nematodes in the root of cucumber and soil, as well as the number of egg mass, root galling and
reproduction factor within the screen house. Cucumber treated with carbofuran (C1cb) and powdered poultry
manure (C1pd) showed reduction of 0.01 and 0.001 respectively. Notably, cucumber treated with powdered poultry
manure recorded gall index of 24.50 (C1pd), while untreated cucumbers had a gall index of 5.25 (C4c). Phytochemical
screening revealed the presence of Xanthane, Imidazole and Boron etc. The extract of powdered poultry manure
significantly (P<0.05) inhibited egg hatching, increased juvenile mortality, and enhanced yield cucumber compared
to other treatments. Phytochemicals such as Xanthane, Imidazole and Boron in botanicals likely contributed to the
observed effects in the results.
Keywords: Juveniles, Phytochemicals, Reproduction factor, Root galling
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Juveniles, Phytochemicals, Reproduction factor, Root galling