First Serological Evidence of Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Eligible Blood Donors in Ilorin, Nigeria and Its Implications for Transfusion Safety
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Date
2025
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Abasyn University, Pakistan
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of CMV immunoglobulins and
associated risk factors among eligible blood donors in Ilorin, Nigeria. A cross
sectional study was conducted among 235 eligible voluntary blood donors
aged 18–53 years at the blood bank of Sobi Specialist hospital, Ilorin. Serum
samples were screened for anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based kit. Demographic data, risk factors,
and clinical symptoms were collected through structured interviews while
statistical correlation was via chi-square/p value, and Estimated Marginal
Means (EMM). Seroprevalence for CMV-IgG and IgM were 92.3% and 22.1%
respectively. A significant association was found between overall CMV
serostatus and IgM positivity (χ² = 5.634, p = 0.018). IgG seropositivity was
significantly associated with age (p = 0.001) religion (p = 0.003), education
level (p = 0.047), occupation (p = 0.001), and residential area (p = 0.049). IgM
status showed significant associations with education (p = 0.042) and tattooing
(p < 0.001). Symptoms such as sore throat (p = 0.028), muscle ache (p = 0.040),
and tiredness (p = 0.016) were more common in IgM-positive individuals. EMM
analysis revealed that tattooing significantly influenced CMV IgM means after
adjusting for other variables. The high CMV burden in Ilorin highlights the need
for routine screening of blood donors and women in antenatal care. Public
health interventions targeting risk awareness, especially among women with
tattoos and limited education, are strongly recommended.
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Keywords
Blood donors, seroprevalence, IgG, IgM, women, Ilorin, EMM, Nigeria
Citation
Odebisi-Omokanye et al., 2025