HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE, WORK PRODUCTIVITY, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ON ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
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Date
2025-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus poses a major public health challenge in Africa, particularly in Nigeria, due to its high morbidity,
mortality, and economic impact, which are worsened by its chronic nature and related complications. The aim of this
study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, and associated factors among
patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) receiving anti-diabetic medications at a secondary health facility in
Ilorin, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study through convenient sampling was conducted in
patients registered in the last ten years (10) from (May 2013 to August 2023). Participants were drawn after a
sample size of 304 participants was calculated. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and ethical
approval was granted by Ethics and Research Committee of the Institution (Approval ID: ERC /MOH/2023/04/102).
Data on health-related quality of life were collected using the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS instruments, while the Work
Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire was used to assess changes in work productivity.
Statistical analysis involved both descriptive and inferential methods, with results presented in tables. Of the 304
participants included, 108(35.5%) were female, 196(64.4%) were male. Majority fell within the age group of 55-65
years old (39.5%). Majority140 (46%) were in the lower middle income ($39-130) category. Biguanide plus
sulphonyl urea combination therapy recorded the highest usage (71.1%). Overall loss of productivity and activity
impairment as outcomes of work productivity was found to be 24.8% and 33.6%. The mean EQ-5D utility scores
and EQ-VAS scores were 0.7033±0.1525 and 63.57±17.16 Factors such as older age, presence of complications and
comorbidities, and higher overall productivity loss are significantly associated with lower HRQoL scores.
Conversely, being employed and having a good monthly income are significantly associated with better. Health
related quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes, as measured by EQ-5D utility and EQ-VAS scores.
Results highlight the importance of socioeconomic and clinical factors in influencing the quality of life of patients
with type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: EQ-VAS, EQ-5D-5L, HRQoL, Nigeria, Quality of life, T2DM, WPAI