Physical exercise improved the hematological effect of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
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2024-12
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Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports
Abstract
Introduction: Globally, one of the major causes of renal dysfunction is diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetic-
induced nephrotoxicity has been linked with anemia. Presently, numerous antidiabetic drugs have been
designed for the management of this disorder but they possess their undesirable effects such as anemia and acute
kidney injury. Hence, we explore the use of vitamin D with or without exercise for the management of DM-
induced renal dysfunction.
Methods: Thirty-six (36) Wistar rats were randomly separated into six (6) groups: control (vehicle treated),
diabetes untreated (HFD + STZ), diabetes + vitamin D (HFD + STZ + vitamin D), diabetes + exercise (HFD +
STZ + exercise), diabetes + vitamin D + exercise (HFD + STZ + vitamin D+ exercise), diabetes + metformin
(HFD + STZ + metformin).
Results: Vitamin D with or without exercise significantly reduced T2DM-induced hyperglycemia. Also, a decrease
in T2DM-induced increase in urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, cholesterol, and triglyceride and a
rise in DM-associated reduction in high-density lipoprotein. These events were associated with a significant
increase in red blood cells, hematocrit value, hemoglobin, erythropoietin, and a decrease in white blood cell
count. Furthermore, vitamin D with or without exercise reversed T2DM-induced increase in pro-oxidant and pro-
inflammatory markers. This observed oxido-inflammatory response was associated with a significant increase in
xanthine oxidase activities and uric acid concentration. Interestingly, better recovery rates from DM-associated
hematological imbalance were discovered in rats co-treated with vitamin D and exercise.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that exercise enhanced the hematological effect of vitamin D in HFD + STZ-
induced T2DM animals.
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Keywords: Diabetes mellitus Diabetic kidney disease renal dysfunction Nephrotoxicity Anemia