Effectiveness of FES-supported leg exercise for promotion of paralysed lower limb muscle and bone health—a systematic review
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
De Gryter Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik
Abstract
Leg exercises through standing, cycling and
walking with/without FES may be used to preserve lower
limb muscle and bone health in persons with physical
disability due to SCI. This study sought to examine the
effectiveness of leg exercises on bone mineral density and
muscle cross-sectional area based on their clinical efficacy in
persons with SCI. Several literature databases were searched
for potential eligible studies from the earliest return date to
January 2022. The primary outcome targeted was the change
in muscle mass/volume and bone mineral density as
measured by CT, MRI and similar devices. Relevant studies
indicated that persons with SCI that undertook FES- and
frame-supported leg exercise exhibited better improvement
in muscle and bone health preservation in comparison to
those who were confined to frame-assisted leg exercise only.
However, this observation is only valid for exercise initiated
early (i.e., within 3 months after injury) and for ≥30 min/day
for ≥ thrice a week and for up to 24 months or as long as
desired and/or tolerable. Consequently, apart from the positive psychological effects on the users, leg exercise may
reduce fracture rate and its effectiveness may be improved if
augmented with FES.
Description
Keywords
functional electrical stimulation, leg exercise, lower limb muscle and bone, spinal cord injury
Citation
Ibitoye, M. O., Hamzaid N. A., Ahmed, Y. K. (2023): Effectiveness of FES-Supported Leg Exercise for Promotion of Paralyzed Lower Limb Muscle and Bone Health—A Systematic Review. Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik. Published by De Gruyter, Berlin, Germany.