Browsing by Author "Yakub A.D."

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    Cytoarchitectural differences in reproductive organs of some polycystic ovary-like induced animal models
    (Elsevier Limited, 2024) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Ojulari L.S.; Hussein A.O.; Lawal I.A.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Ajao M.S.
    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynaecological, endocrine disorder that occurs during reproductive age and is a significant cause of anovulatory infertility. Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor which negates the action of the aromatase enzyme, which results in the buildup of male hormones (testosterone) in the females, causing hyperandrogenism, which is a hallmark of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Mifepristone (RU486) is a progestin antagonist that acts to arrest the actions of the progesterone hormone, resulting in follicular atresia and anovulation. DHEA is an androgen which was also administered in a bid to cause hyperandrogenism in the rats.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these hormones on the cytoarchitecture of the ovaries and uterus to assess their various PCOS-like histological features.Animals were grouped mainly into three: Letrozole, Mifepristone and DHEA groups, which were further divided into two subgroups each, administered low and high doses of letrozole orally, Mifepristone and Dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA) subcutaneously. Each of the subgroups also had a comparison control group. Following the completion of administration, the Wistar rats were euthanized, and their ovaries and uterus were collected for histological analysis.Increased proliferation of ovarian follicles was noted in the treated groups compared to control, as well as thickening of the endometrial layer.
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    Dominant Traits of the Cheek and Tongue in North Central Nigeria
    (Anatomical Society of Nigeria, 2025) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Obe T.M.; Bada G.N.; Imam A.; Omotoso G.O.
    Cheek dimples (small indentations on the cheeks) and tongue rolling (the ability to fold the tongue) are dominant genetic traits observed in humans. Investigating these traits provides valuable insights into genetic inheritance patterns and their cultural significance across various populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and ecological implications of dominant traits like cheek dimples and tongue rolling in individuals across Kwara, Kogi, and Niger states. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 348 North-Central Nigerians, including 231 males and 117 females aged 16 to 30. Data were collected on the presence or absence of cheek dimples, tongue rolling, and tongue-twisting, and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). A chi-square test was conducted with a confidence interval of ±0.5 at a 95% confidence level. Results indicated that 33% of participants had dimples, with 57% having dimples on both cheeks, 15% on the right cheek, and 35% on the left. Additionally, 48.3% of participants had parents with dimples. For tongue rolling, 66.7% of participants could roll their tongues, with 52.6%, 46.6%, 41.4%, and 53.7% able to twist their tongues to the right, left, and both directions and shape them into a U, respectively. These findings offer insights into the prevalence and variability of these traits within the population.
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    Restorative effects of melatonin on bisphenol A-induced interference of gene expression in hypothalamic pituitary axis following early exposure
    (International Journal of Health Sciences, 2024) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Imam A.; Olajide O.J.; Lawal I.A.; Oyewole A.L.; Hussein M.O.; Ojulari L.S.; Ajao M.S.
    Background: Bisphenol-A is a standard monomer used industrially in manufacturing plastics and epoxy resins, and it is widely used in food preservation and packaging. There is a global increase in its use due to increased demand and the growth in world population. Bisphenol A is an endocrine-disrupting chemical miming the endogenous estradiol hormone. However, due to its exposure to the environment, food and other consumables, its effects on reproductive health have been a growing area of interest. Melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles and plays essential physiological roles in the body through its antioxidative, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. This research aims to ascertain the impact of Bisphenol A on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and determine melatonin's function on possible BPA-induced effects. Methods: Six adult male Wistar rats and 12 adult female Wistar rats of proven fertility were bred and organized into groups. Litters were divided into seven groups, each comprising six rats. These animals were subjected to subcutaneous injections of high and low doses of bisphenol A from postnatal days 0-3, then oral melatonin. The rats were allowed to mature into full-grown adults and euthanized at 120 ±4 days. The serum and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian tissues were collected for various assays, histology and genetic studies. Results: Compared to the control groups, groups administered varying doses of bisphenol A showed significant overexpression of estrogen and androgen receptors. Administration of Melatonin showed some reversal and reparative effects on BPA-induced damage of the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis. Conclusion: Elevated estrogen receptor levels induced by Bisphenol A altered receptor function, ultimately impairing hormonal cascades that regulate reproductive functions. Melatonin showed some promising reparative effects.