Browsing by Author "Ugbomoiko, U.S"

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    Alterations in T-helper cell type 1 and blood cell parameters in malaria-infected patients
    (2017) Babamale, A.O; Abdulkareem, A.O; Opeyemi, O.A; Ugbomoiko, U.S
    Malaria is a global public health disease. Haematological and cytokine alterations are the major sources of its pathological conditions. Therefore, blood and serum of patients attending health centres were screened to investigate the effects of Plasmodium falciparum on the T-helper cell type 1 and blood cell parameters using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and automatic hematology analyzer respectively. Approximately 55% of malaria-infected patients with average parasitaemia of 2523.64 parasite/ll of blood concurrently suffered anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, microcytosis and hypochromasia. However, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were age-specific and their prevalences in children within 10 years were higher. These disease conditions significantly vary with severity of malaria infection (p < 0.05). Blood parameters with the exception of RBC and MCHC were significantly lower in the infected patients (p < 0.05) with 12.9% and 41.2% reduction in haemoglobin and platelet counts respectively. A high plasma concentration of IL-10, IL-12, INF-c and TNF-a, ratio of IL-10/TNF-a (1.86) and IL-10/INF-c (1.55) were recorded among the malaria-infected groups. This study revealed that unregulated interac tion of the parasite with host immune response has important consequences in disease progression and thus relevant for therapeutic and vaccine development.
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    Alterations in T-helper cell type 1 and blood cell parameters in malaria-infected patients
    (Elsevier, 2017-05-23) Babamale, O.A; Abdulkareem, A.O; Opeyemi, O.A; Ugbomoiko, U.S
    Malaria is a global public health disease. Haematological and cytokine alterations are the major sources of its pathological conditions. Therefore, blood and serum of patients attending health centres were screened to investigate the effects of Plasmodium falciparum on the T-helper cell type 1 and blood cell parameters using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and automatic hematology analyzer respectively. Approximately 55% of malaria-infected patients with average parasitaemia of 2523.64 parasite/ll of blood concurrently suffered anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, microcytosis and hypochromasia. However, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were age-specific and their prevalences in children within 10 years were higher. These disease conditions significantly vary with severity of malaria infection (p < 0.05). Blood parameters with the exception of RBC and MCHC were significantly lower in the infected patients (p < 0.05) with 12.9% and 41.2% reduction in haemoglobin and platelet counts respectively. A high plasma concentration of IL-10, IL-12, INF-c and TNF-a, ratio of IL-10/TNF-a (1.86) and IL-10/INF-c (1.55) were recorded among the malaria-infected groups. This study revealed that unregulated interac tion of the parasite with host immune response has important consequences in disease progression and thus relevant for therapeutic and vaccine development.
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    COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE (ETHINYLESTRADIOL/ LEVONORGESTREL) ALLEVIATES LIPID AND LACTATE ALTERATIONS IN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI-INFECTED MICE
    (Assiut University, Egypt, 2022-04-08) Abdulkareem, A.O; Babamale, O.A; Abe, E.O; Olatunji, L.A; Ugbomoiko, U.S
    Despite the common use of combined oral contraceptive (COC) as a childbirth control pill, there is no sufficient information on the effect of COC in malaria. Hence, we aimed at investigating the effect of COC on parasite growth and the associated risk of metabolic disorder in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Twenty female mice were randomly allotted into four groups (n= 5/group): uninfected, infected (inoculated with P. berghei), COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel, p.o/day, without infection) and infected + COC. Percentage parasitaemia was recorded weekly. At the end of 21-day exposure, the mice were sacrificed, while blood and liver were collected for biochemical analyses. Our data showed progressive increase in parasitaemia in P. berghei-infected mice. Our findings also revealed that P. berghei infection did not affect serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC). It, however, elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum and liver triglycerides and liver TC. Elevations of serum and liver free fatty acid and lactate were also observed in P. berghei-infected mice. However, COC treatment lowered MDA level and attenuated lipid and lactate alterations in P. berghei infection. This study, therefore, suggests that COC possesses anti-plasmodial potential to mitigate malaria-associated metabolic disturbances. Further animal and human studies are necessary to validate our findings.
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    Comparative studies of genotoxicity and anti-plasmodial activities of stem and leaf extracts of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) in malaria-infected mice
    (Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2017-09) Babamale, O.A; Iyiola, O.A; Adeyemi, S.B; Sulaiman, A.F; Abdulkareem, A.O; Anifowoshe, A.T; Awe, O.D; Ajani, D; Ugbomoiko, U.S
    Drug resistance in malaria infection is a serious public health challenge. Thus, scientific search for alternative treatment measures among the local medicinal plants is exigent. We therefore investigated the anti-plasmodial efficacy and genotoxicity of the methanolic leaf and stem extracts of Alstonia plant at varying concentration (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed that leaf sample contained significantly higher secondary metabolites, except saponins (p<0.05). Anti-plasmodial activities of the two extracts were duration and dose- dependent. Stem bark extract showed higher curative potential with inhibition rate of 56.71% at 400 mg/kg whereas, leaf extract was efficient at 600mg/kg with 52.15% inhibition rate. Stem bark extract at 400 mg/kg improved the enzymatic activities of the mice; it lowered serum ALT (6.88±4.42) and increased liver ALT (41.07±5.56). Similarly, 400 mg/kg leaf extract showed highest AST (70.65±4.00) and ALT (44.65±7.83) activities in the kidney and liver respectively. Analysis of genotoxicity revealed that micronucleus and abnormal (binucleated, notched and blebbed) were prevalent among the experimental mice which increased significantly (p<0.05) at all concentrations except at 600mg/kg leaf extract. Therefore, this present study indicates that both leaf and stem bark extracts of A. boonei possess anti-plasmodial activity and are less genotoxic when compared with standard drug.
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    Effect of sodium acetate on serum activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
    (Springer, 2020-10-11) Abdulkareem, A.O; Babamale, O.A; Aishat, L.A; Ajayi, O.C; Gloria, S.K; Olatunji, L.A; Ugbomoiko, U.S
    Malaria is a global health problem with severe morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Resistance of Plasmodium spp to the current anti-malaria drugs necessitates further search for novel effective drugs. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of sodium acetate on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Thirty male Albino mice were randomly distributed into 6 groups, A–F. Animals in Groups B–F were inoculated with P. berghei, intraperi toneally. Subsequently, Group C mice were treated with 20 mg/kg chloroquine, while groups D, E and F received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg sodium acetate, respectively. All treat ments were administered orally for 4 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislo cation and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for the analyses of serum glucose-6-phosphate dehydroge nase (G6PD), uric acid and lipid profile. Our results sho wed that Sodium acetate (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p\ 0.05) parasitaemia (67.11% and 77.62%, respectively) than chloroquine (61.73%). Besides, body weight and serum G6PD activity in P. berghei infection were improved. Similarly, sodium acetate reduced elevated serum uric acid. Effects of sodium acetate and chloroquine on biochemical parameters were comparable (p [0.05) but atherogenic lipid ratios were not affected by sodium acetate. These data put together suggested that activity of sodium acetate may be harnessed for development of novel anti-malaria drugs. However, more studies are required to delineate its mechanisms of action.
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    Malaria-induced anaemia and serum micronutrients in asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infected patients
    (2017-07-15) Babamale, A.O; Abdulkareem, A.O; Ahmed, A.O; Afolayan, A.M; Ugbomoiko, U.S
    Abstract Interaction between malaria, anaemia and mal nutrition is poorly understood in asymptomatic malaria patients. This information is important in the management of malaria infection in many endemic regions in sub-Sa haran Africa. Malaria parasitaemia, full blood counts and serum levels of essential micronutrients particularly iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) of the patients attending Health Centres in Ilorin, Kwara state were investigated using microscope, auto-haemanalyzer and atomic absorp tion spectrophotometer respectively. A total of 123 (55.2%) of our study population were positive of Plas modium falciparum. Infection was age-specific (p\0.0001), and a significant proportion (88.6%) of malaria infected patients were 28.5% mild, 45.5% moder ate and 14.6% severely anaemic. The severity of anaemia increases as parasite density increases. Analysis of serum micronutrients revealed a significant low level of iron (3.72 mg/l), copper (2.05 mg/l) and zinc (3.67 mg/l) in infected patients (p \ 0.0001); which further increased their anaemic condition. This study confirmed a significant relationship between severity of anaemia and nutritional deficiency in the pathogenesis of malaria infection. We therefore, recommend that immunomodulation potential of micronutrients may be essential in the management of malaria infection.