Browsing by Author "Sulaiman, F.A"
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Item Aspergillus niger-fermented Jatropha curcas seed cake: Proximate composition and effects on biochemical indices in wistar rats(Biological Letters. Published by De Gruyter publishing Corporation, 2014) Sulaiman, F.A; Ahmed El-Imam, A.M; Adeyemo, A.A; Muhammed, R.B; Sulaiman, A.M; Aliyu, A.O; Adeyemi, O.SThis study evaluated Jatropha curcas seed cake fermented by Aspergillus niger for use as a potential source of protein in animal feed production. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (A–D, of 3 rats each) and fed different protein-rich diets for 4 weeks. Group 1 (control) was fed with soybean as a protein source, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 were given feeds supplemented instead with Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas, unfermented J. curcas, and a mix of Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas and soybean (1:1), respectively. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed, and their serum and vital organs were harvested for further analyses. Proximate analyses of the various diet combinations showed significant (P < 0.05) variations in crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, and ash content. Enzyme assays (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) in rat serum and tissue homogenates indicate that the detoxification of J. curcas kernel cake by A. niger fermentation is viable and promising. Body weight generally did not differ significantly between the groups, but all rats put on weight in week 1 (Group 2 most strongly). The initial weight gain was followed by a slight decreasing trend in all groups in weeks 2–4, probably due to an adaptation mechanism. One rat fed with the unfermented cake (Group 3) died in week 2, confirming that the cake is not safe for direct consumption until it is processed. Our data support further use of Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas as an alternative protein source in animal feed preparation.Item Biochemical and morphological alterations caused by silver nanoparticles in wistar rats(Published by Elsevier. Journal of Acute Medicine, 2015-09-02) Sulaiman, F.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Sulaiman, A.A; Olatunde, A; Hoseni, A.A; Olowolafe, Y.V; Nlebedim, R.N; Muritala, H; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.OObjective: This study evaluated the biochemical effect of the oral administration of silver nanoparticles on some biochemical parameters and tissue morphology. Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes with an average weight of 160 ± 5 g were randomly assigned into four groups. Animals in Group 1 served as the control and received 0.5 mL of distilled water (drug vehicle). Those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight silver nanoparticles, respectively. The animals were sacrificed under slight anesthesia 24 hours after the last treatment. Results: Silver nanoparticle exposure in rats elevated the level of rat serum total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, free glycerol, low density lipoproteincholesterol, and bilirubin ( p < 0.05) when compared with the control. The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was depleted by nanoparticle exposure, whereas the atherogenic index rose. The levels of albumin, urea, creatinine, as well as activities of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by the nanoparticles, whereas the total protein and alanine transaminase were inconsistently altered relative to the control. Furthermore, the nanoparticle treatment caused morphological lesions in rat cardiac, renal, and hepatic tissues relative to the control. Conclusion: We show evidence that silver nanoparticle potentiated biochemical changes predisposing to liver injury and cardiovascular disorder in rat.Item Chlorpyrifos: Toxicological effects on Clarias gariepinus and its amelioration by Blighia sapida seeds’ extract(International Journal of Phytofuels and Allied Sciences., 2016) Sulaiman, F.A; Iyiola, O.A; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Bello, O.K; Muritala, H.F; Ahmed, O; Adisa, M.J; Tejidini, T.T; Badrudeen, O; Efuntoye, A.FChlorpyrifos; CPF (O, O-diethyl O-3, 5, 6–trichloro-2-pyridyphosphorothioate) is commonly used for the control of pests and insects in agricultural fields and surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was carried out to find out the ameliorative potentials of Blighia sapida seeds on Clarias gariepinus exposed to chlorpyrifos. The Acute toxicity assay was to determine the 96 h Lethal Concentration (LC50) values of organophosphate pesticide, which was conducted with definitive test in a semi-static system in the laboratory using the standard methods. Range finding test was carried out prior to determination of the concentrations of the test (chlorpyrifos) solution for definitive test. The experiment was conducted in plastic containers containing 10L of non-chlorinated and aerated water. The acute study; A set of 15 fish specimen were randomly exposed to organophosphate concentrations; 1ml of stock solution was added to B1 and B2, 2ml to C1 and C2, 3ml to D1 and D2, 4ml to E1 and E2 while 5ml was added to F1 and F2. The exposure was for 7 days. For chronic study; one tenth of LC50 (0.12ml/L) = 0.012ml/L was used for Groups B-E while group A is the positive control with 0.00ml/L of Chlorpyrifos (i.e. the group was free of chlorpyrifos), Group B was made the negative control, fishes in this group, which were also exposed to 0.012ml/L chlorpyrifos, were only fed with normal fish feed i.e. no Blighia sapida seeds’ extract was added, to serve as the negative control. The exposure was for 28 days and the fishes in groups C to E were fed with feeds, formulated using Blighia sapida seed. Results obtained from this study revealed that chlorpyrifos caused considerable alterations, i.e. increase in enzymes’ activities (ALT, AST, ALP) as well as alterations in other metabolites (urea, albumin, protein and glucose) in the serum, liver and kidney of all Clarias gariepinus in the negative group which are fishes exposed to the insecticide; chlorpyrifos is suspected to have induced some tissue damages in the C. gariepinus, that may result in enzymes and metabolites leakages into the serum. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract (at 25%, 50% and 75%) reduced some of the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos in C. gariepinus exposed and it was therefore concluded to possess ameliorative effects against animals’ exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticides. Therefore, this chemical should be handled with care as usual and lots of caution must still be taken to prevent or reduce its entrance or leakage into the aquatic environment. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract is therefore recommended for use to ameliorate any possible toxic effects of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure.Item Co-administration of iron sulphate and nitroglycerin promoted oxidative stress and mild tissue damage in Wistar rats(Comparative Clinical Pathology (Springer-Verlag London, UK), 2014) Adeyemi, O.S; Sulaiman, F.AThere is no clear-cut understanding yet of the effect of a sustained production of nitric oxide (NO) either through endogenous or exogenous source on the iron (Fe) metabolism in living cells. Albeit, there are evidences linking decreased NO production to increased iron levels. A high level of free iron in living cells, predispose such systems to oxidative damage through the promotion of free hydroxyl radical generation. On the other hand, a continuous and sustained high level of NO could contribute to cellular damage arising from the debilitating effect of peroxynitrite, a very reactive free radical formed between free NO and superoxide anion. This study investigated the biochemical influence of individual or co-administration of two drugs; nitroglycerin (NGC) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) in rats. Data revealed elevated levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as high malondialdehyde concentrations. Consequently, the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were raised. The histopathological presentations show the presence of gradual and subtle cellular damage. We present evidence that individual or co-administration of FeSO4 or NGC promoted the generation of free radical species which might have caused the tissue damage observed.Item Effect of administration of Ibuprofen on the levels of parasitaemia, albumin and total protein concentration in rats infected with Trypanosoma bruce brucei(African Scientists, 2012) Sulaiman, F.A; Akanji, M.A; Yakubu, M.TTrypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats were administered intraperitoneally with ibuprofen at the dose of 0.02mg/kg body weight, thrice daily before infection (prophylaxis), three and ten days post infections (early and late stage respectively). Two sets of control groups were set up in parallel with the test groups viz: positive and negative controls. Parasiataemia was monitored on daily basis. The animals were sacrificed using diethyl ether, albumin (Grant et al., 1987) and the protein concentrations (Tietz, 1995) were determined in the liver, kidney, brain and serum using standard methods. Albumin and total protein concentrations were significantly (P< 0.05) reduced in the tissues of the rats in the late stage compared to the positive control and treated groups while the concentrations of the biomolecules were significantly elevated (P>0.05) in the serum of the late stage group compared to those of the positive control and treated groups. It was concluded that Ibuprofen could be a good candidate for the management of African sleeping sickness. Ibuprofen significantly (P<0.05) reduces blood parasitaemia compare to the controls and extended the life span of the rats by 2, 4 and 7 days in the late, early and prophylactic stages respectively.Item Effect of fungal fermentation on proximate composition and in vitro performance of agrowastes used in animal feed(Ife Journal of Science, 2019) Ahmed El-Imam, A.M; Sulaiman, F.A; Abdulganiyu, A; Inaolaji, S.T; Sanusi, MLarge quantities of agricultural wastes generated annually from the processing of agricultural produce are disposed of indiscriminately in the environment, thus contributing to environmental pollution. Value addition to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peels, and a mixture of yam (Dioscorea spp.) and plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels, which accumulate during manual peeling will help reduce this environmental impact in addition to being a source of income. The effects of fungal fermentation on their proximate composition and suitability for use as enriched animal feed were thus investigated in this study. Cassava peel and yam-plantain peel mixture were each fermented with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma spp. at 32 C at moisture content of 52% and 60% respectively for a week and the potential of the biomass was investigated in feeding trials of Wistar rats over a four-week period. After sacrifice, their sera and vital organs were analysed for key enzymes and metabolic products. It was observed that Aspergillus niger-fermented cassava peel (FCP) was the best treatment with increased protein content (from 6.73% to 19.3%) due to microbial biomass. While the carbohydrate content decreased following fermentation, the calorific value remained similar to that of the raw peel. No mortality was recorded in the experimental rats fed the FCP and standard commercial feed (CF) while 100% mortality was then observed by the 4 week in the control group fed unfermented cassava peel (UCP). Organ-body weight ratio and some biochemical parameters e.g. cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), urea of FCP-fed rats were similar to those of the CF group. Lower amounts of some markers e.g. aspartate transaminase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (AST) were observed relative to UCP group. This research demonstrates the potential of microbially-detoxified food waste to replace commercial feed as a cheap alternative with minimal undesirable physiological effects in the animal models.Item Genetic Damage, Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment of Mice Exposed to Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos(Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin., 2019-03-25) Iyiola, O.A; Sulaiman, F.A; Anifowoshe, A.T; Abubakar, F.A; Akolade, J.OChlorpyrifos (CPF) and Cypermethrin (CPM) are insecticides widely used in agriculture because of their effectiveness against harmful insects but their toxicity to human is of major concern. This study investigated genotoxic effect of CPF and CPM on some selected organs and tissues of albino mice. Nine (9) male mice were randomly grouped into three and were administered orally with CPF and CPM for five consecutive days and thereafter observed for 30 days. Control group was administered with 0.05ml of distilled water. CPM group was administered with 0.08ml of CPM while CPF group was administered with 0.05ml of CPF. Our results showed that there was a significant increase (p>0.05) in both ALT and AST activity in the serum and liver of both CPF and CPM groups. There was also high concentration of urea, total bilirubin in the serum of both CPF and CPM groups as well as high concentration of glucose in the brain of CPM group. There was no significant increase in the concentration of albumin in the liver of CPF and CPM. Reduction in ALP activity of the liver of both CPF and CPM groups were observed. Cypermethrin induced an increase in abnormal sperm cell shape and shows significant difference when compared to chlopyrifos and negative control. The biochemical alterations observed is consistent with histopathological changes characterized by the appearance of degenerative necrosis, congestion, inflammation and oedema in the liver and kidney of CPM and CPF groups. This study shows that these pesticides are potentially genotoxic to animals and are capable of inducing DNA damage.Item Haematological Status of T. brucei-infected Rats Treated with Ibuprofen(Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2010) Sulaiman, F.A; Akanji, M.A; Ekanem, J.TAvailable drugs in the management of African Trypanosomiasis are toxic, regimented and costly, generally non affordable by the poor and hence the need to continue research work in seeking inexpensive, readily available and less cumbersome approaches to the management and treatment of the disease. Ibuprofen belongs to a class of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It was chosen not only because it chelates iron, but also because it is cheap, readily affordable and available. In this study, Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats were treated with ibuprofen at three days before infection (prophylaxis), three days post infection (early stage) and ten days post infection (late stage). Three sets of controls were set up against the experiment: positive, negative and normal control. Haematological indices of the serum of each group of rats were obtained for day 6, 12 and 18 . It was observed that the PCV and Hb levels were significantly lower in the late stage-rats compared to the normal control. Ibuprofen was able to extend the life span of the rats for 2, 4 and 7 days in late, early and prophylaxis stages respectively. Thus, ibuprofen could be a useful, cheap and readily available drug in the management of African sleeping sickness for residents of disease endemic areas.Item Laboratory manual for practical Biochemistry(Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, 2015-07) Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Bewaji, C.O; Balogun, E.A; Malomo, S, O; Oladiji, A.T; Yakubu, M.T; Adebayo, J.O; Arise, R.O; Sulaiman, F.A; Igunnu, A; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.O; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Muritala, H.F; Abubakar, F.A; Modupe Olusegun; Soji-Omoniwa; Bello, O.K; Omar, SikemiPREFACE I am glad to present this edition of Laboratory Manual For Practical Biochemistry on behalf of the academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences,University of llorin,Ilorin, Nigeria. In August 2014, when I assumed the headship of the Department of Biochemistry,the need for increased emphasis on practical aspects of Biochemistry in all areas necessitated the design of Laboratory Manual for undergraduate curriculum. The aim is to produce a 'text guide'that provides students basic appreciation of the underlying principles and practical strategies of the analytical and preparative techniques that are fundamental to the study and understanding of Biochemistry.Adequate attention has been given to those techniques that students often encounter in their practical classes. The content of this text were written in such a way that even the average students can read and understand. Regarding the organization, the book consists of seven(7)sections. Section One deals with Basic Laboratory Ethics,presenting an overview of the departmental policy. laboratory ethies and instructions about results recording and presentation. Section Two is divided into Practicals 1, 2 and 3 covering handling of experimental animals and preparation of solutions with exercises to assess students'understanding. Section Three presents Practical 4 which dwells on amino acids and proteins, highlighting their specific reactions and tests:Practical 5 is on absorption spectra of pure substances.and estimation of urinary creatinine. Practical 6 describes tests for precipitation of proteins by heating,organic acids, mineral acids, ethunol and salts of heavy metals while Practical 7 dwells on isolation, puritication and identification of amino acids and proteins employing puper chromatography,gel filtration chromatogruphy and iscelectric point determination. Section Four is on enzymes and it is divided into Pructicals 8.9.10 and 11 with experiments ranging from pH effects-on enzyme activity to specific reactivity for the recognition of some enzymes.Section Five hus two Practicals (12 and 13) on vitamins. Section Six is divided into Practicals14.15.16.17and 18 covering carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolisi presenting tests for glucose, Inctic acid, pyruvic acid and estimation of RNA while Section Seven is on lipid metabolism and is subsectioned into Pructicals 19.20,21,22. 23 and 24.covering solubility and qualitative tests on lipids. TLC.reactions of bile acids and pigments,determinution of ketone bodies and cholesteroIin serum. On behalf of academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry,I wish to appreciate the support and approval for the publication and production of this text by the Vice-Chancellor,Prof.Abdulganiyu Ambali,OON.The efforts of all academic and technical Staff of the Department of Biochemistry is also acknowledged. Dr. R. O. Arise Ag.Head.Department of Biochemistry. University of llorin.llorin. July.2015 08052261156Item Modulation of rat serum lipid profile and nephrotic indices following oral exposure to the extracts of chilli pepper(EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci, 2019) Sulaiman, F.A; Yusuf, B.O; Omar, S.A; Muritala, H.T; Adisa, M.J; Olopade, A.A; Babajamu, F.I; Jimba, A.T; Babatunde, A.L; Adeniyi, B.A; Opaleye, B.R; Maimako, R.F; Otohinoyi, D.A; Bello, O.K; Rotimi, D; Olaolu, T.D; Nwonuma, C.O; Alejolowo, O.O; Batiha, G.E; osemwegie, O.O; Adeyemi, O.SBackground: The increasing application of plants for medicinal purposes necessitates safety/toxicity profiling. Objective: In the present study, we evaluated the toxicological effects of the ethanolic extracts of the leaves (CAL), root (CAR) and stem (CAS) of Capsicum annuum in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned groups and given oral administration of the extracts or distilled water for 28 days. Results: Data showed that administration of ethanolic extracts of CAL, CAR and CAS did alter the liver function indices but not in a clear-cut manner to suggest hepatotoxicity. The CAR and CAS extracts decreased (p<0.05) the rat serum albumin levels compared with the control. In contrast, CAL extracts raised (p<0.05) the rat serum albumin level relative to the control. The plant extract administration raised rat serum bilirubin level compared with the control. Further, the extracts caused reduction (p<0.05) in rat serum TAG levels compared with the control. The CAL, CAR and CAS extracts did not significantly affect the rat serum creatinine level, but caused significant elevation of rat serum urea compared with the control. Conclusion: Taken together, findings do not only support the cardio-protective potential of C. annuum extracts, but implicate the nephrotoxic tendency of the plant extracts.