Browsing by Author "Soji-Omoniwa, O."
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Item ARISTOLONCHIA REPENS STEM BARK AMELIORATES LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION IN HIGH-FAT DIET AND STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS(Nigerian Society of experimental Biology., 2023-12) Omar, S. A.; Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Osifade, J. TAristolonchia repens, is among such herb utilized locally for managing diabetes and related problems. The study evaluated the ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark on liver and kidney function in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight). Non-diabetic male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water (Naïve control) while the diabetic male Wistar rats were treated with water, Metformin (100 mg/kg body weight), 50, 100 and 200 mgkg-1 bodyweight of aqueous extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed and sera were collected and analyzed. High-fat diet and streptozotocin significantly altered (P<0.05) the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities, concentration of total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, potassium, sodium, bicaronate and chloride when compared with Naïve and positive control. Wistar rats treated with 50, 100 and 200 mgkg-1 body weight of aqueous extract of Aristolonchia repens significantly did not altered (p>0.05) the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, when compared with Naive and Metformin group. Similarly, the concentration of total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, potassium, sodium, bicaronate and chloride was not significantly altered (p>0.05) when compared with the Naïve and Metformin group. This study suggests that Aristolonchia repens stem ameliorates liver and kidney function in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and hence may be safe for use in the management of diabetes.Item Improvement of Oral Glucose Tolerance and Total Lipid Profile of Diabetic Rats Treated with Ficus exasperata Leaf-Based Diet(Faculty of Physical and Life Sciences, Covenant University, Nigeria., 2019-06) Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Oloyede, H.O.BThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet (FELD) on oral glucose tolerance and total lipid profile of type 2 diabetic rats. Forty-eight wistar rats were randomly selected into 8 groups of 6 animals each. All experimental animals apart from the positive control group were administered with 10 % fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks, while those in the negative control group received distilled water. The remaining groups were diabetic rats treated with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % FELD for 16 days. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) were assayed for. Result of OGTT before commencement of treatment showed significant increase (p < 0.05) in the blood glucose concentration after 30 mins of oral glucose load which was not restored back to the basal level after 2 hours. OGTT result by the 13th day of treatment showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose concentration of FELD-treated diabetic rats 2 hours after glucose load. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in HDL concentration of FELD-treated diabetic rats. In conclusion, incorporation of 30, 40 and 50 % F. exasperata leaf into diet and consumed for 16 days improved glucose tolerance and total lipid profile of diabetic rats.Item Normoglycaemic Action of Ficus exasperata vahl. Leaf-Based Diet on Fructose and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2018) Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Oloyede, H.O.B.Type 2 diabetes mellitus has continued to increase globally. This has imposed considerable burdens on patients, families and society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the normoglycaemic potential of Ficus exasperata vahl leaf-based diet (FELD) on fructose and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty-eight (48) albino rats were randomly selected into 8 groups designated A - H and treated as follows: A (non-diabetic untreated), B (diabetic untreated) and C (diabetic and metformin [12.14 mg/kg b.wt.]), while D – H were diabetic rats administered FELD containing the plant to the tune of 100 (10 %), 200 (20 %), 300 (30 %), 400 (40 %) and 500 g/kg (50 %) respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), hepatic glucose, glycogen and glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and β score (HOMA IR and β score) and hexokinase activity were analysed. Phytochemicals and proximate analyses revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenolics, magnesium, zinc, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fiber, fat and moisture. Consumption of 30, 40 and 50 % FELD for 16 days reduced FBG, hepatic glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations and HOMA IR significantly (p<0.05) in groups D to H when compared with diabetic untreated animals, while their hepatic glycogen concentration, HOMA β score and hexokinase activity increased significantly (p<0.05). In conclusion, 30 % FELD elicited normoglycaemic effect and as such FEL can be incorporated into feed for the management of hyperglyeamia at this dose.Item Prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in Kazaure Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria(University of Ilorin, 2014) Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Omoniwa, B.P.The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in Kazaure Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria. The design of the study was a descriptive cross sectional survey and the sampling procedure was a multi-stage cluster sampling using the EPI method. Thirty (30) clusters were selected randomly from the list of the villages by assigning probability proportional to population size (PPS), using Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) delta software. The second stage was selection of households and finally, selection of at least 20 children aged 6-59 months within each cluster. Variables such as age, sex, weight and height were collected for each child included in the survey on standardized questionnaire. The result showed that the overall prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) from the study was 1.7 % (0.9 - 3.1 95 % CI). Two cases of oedema were found during the survey, while global acute malnutrition (GAM) was 10.2 % (7.8 - 13.3 95 % CI) and 59.2 % (42.2 - 57.4 95 % CI) for stunting. It is concluded that chronic malnutrition is endemic in the study area based on the high prevalence of stunting found, hence intervention study should be targeted at preventing acute malnutrition in the study area.Item Selected liver and kidney function indices of Wistar rats fed with Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf-based diet(Nigerian Society of experimental Biology, 2021-03-31) Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Oloyede, H.O.BIn a previous study, treatment of diabetes mellitus with Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet (FELD) significantly reduced the level of blood glucose and improved glucose utilization in diabetic rats. It is therefore important to ascertain safety of consumption of FELD in healthy rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 6 animals each namely: C [control rats fed diet without Ficus exasperata leaf (FEL)], F1, F2, and F3 [experimental groups fed diets containing 10 %, 30 % and 50 % FEL respectively]. Rats were allowed access to the compounded feed ad libitum for 7, 14 and 21 days. They were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and serum collected for biochemical assays. Total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin (total and conjugated), urea, creatinine, electrolytes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), liver and kidney histopathology were evaluated. Results showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in albumin, globulin, bilirubin, electrolytes, ALP, AST and ALT of rats fed with test diets compared to control. Also, there were no changes in the liver and kidney histoarchitecture of rats fed with different proportions of FELD compared to control. The increased urea and creatinine concentrations of rats fed with 30 and 50 % FELD at the end of days 7 and 14 reversed to normal at the end of day 21 of the study. Therefore, results of this study suggest that consumption of 10, 30 and 50 % Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet for 21 days did not impair the selected liver and kidney functions indices of the treated rats.