Browsing by Author "Shittu, A. O."
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Item Design and characterization of a novel crosslinked, polymer and its evaluation as a control release polymer in ciprofloxacin tablets.(Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos., 2024) Shittu, A. O.; Njinga, S. N.; Ocheja, E.Background: The new trend in the field of pharmaceutical technology is the automation of drug delivery systems. Therefore, future generation of drug delivery systems could be derived from engineering polymers through cross-linking. Objective: This research work was designed to formulate an extended-release ciprofloxacin tablet via a tailored two-component composite polymer. Materials and methods: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Gelatin (HPMC –GLT) ratios 4:0; 3:1; 2:2; 1:3 and 0:4 were cross-linked using citric acid. The batches were characterised by FTIR, swelling index, viscosity and pH. Five batches of ciprofloxacin 250 mg mixed with hybridized HPMC-GLT polymers ‘F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5, were prepared by wet granulation technique. The granules were evaluated for bulk density, angle of repose and compressibility index. All crosslinked batches were crystalline in texture. The flow rate increased with the gelatin content. The granules were compressed on a rotary tableting machine. Tablets were evaluated for compactness and invitro dissolution in a buffer solution for 12 hours. Results: The T90 % for the series of batches were: 150, 132, 252, 196, and 156 minutes respectively. Evaluation of branded ciprofloxacin tablets showed a disintegration time of 6 to 7 minutes and an average T90 % at 30 min. The compact F3 (50 % GLT and 50 % HPMC) possessed the most desirable tablet properties. Average crushing strength, disintegration time, friability, and the T90% were: 125 + 5.0 N, >>30 min., 0.00 %, and 252 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Formulation F3 is, therefore, recommended for future optimization in the design of controlled-release ciprofloxacin tablets.Item Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected Pathogenic Microorganisms(Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya, 2022) Njinga, N. S.; Lawal, B. A.; David, S. M.; Eniayewu, I. O.; Bello, N.; Shittu, A. O.; Kolawole, A. J.; Ene, O. C.; Bamidele, O. D.; Saka, K. L.; Salawu, K. M.; Odunola, R. O.Drugs derived from natural sources present a significant alternative therapy in the management of infectious diseases. The increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to orthodox medicine has necessitated the search for alternative means of treatment. This study is aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected pathogenic microorganisms. The phytochemical constituents were done using standard procedures and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using fourteen pathogenic organisms, which included five gram-positive and seven gram-negative bacterial strains and three fungal strains using Agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition of the extract against the test organisms, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined. The extract was found to contain steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The total phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were found to be 1.427±0.02 mg/g gallic acid, 0.4239±0.19 mg/g quercetin, 5% and 75.23% respectively. The antioxidant activity at concentrations of 7.53 and 15.51 µg/mL were not statistically different from that of vitamin C (P<0.05) and the IC50 found to be 4.906 µg/mL. The zones of inhibition ranged from 22 – 47 mm while the MIC and MBC/MFC was observed to be 5 to 10 mg/mL, and 10 to 40 mg/mL respectively. The availability of phytochemicals with remarkable antioxidant activities and the demonstration of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi strains show that A. paniculata root is a potential source for the production of antioxidants as well as antimicrobial drugs