Browsing by Author "Shittu, A. O.,"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Occurrence and Antimicrobial resistance of Uropathogenic Staphylococcus aureus from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics within Ilorin.
    (Nig. J. Pharm. Res., 2023-08-01) Bello, R. H.,; Ibrahim, Y. K. E.,; Olayinka, B. O.,; Jimoh, A. A. G.,; Olabode, H. O. K.,; Afolabi-Balogun, N. B.,; Shittu, A. O.,; Aliyu, A.; and David, M. S
    Abstract Background: Staphylococus aureus associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) has become a serious health problem especially with the emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) due to the acquisition of mecA gene leading to increasing maternal and perinatal burden. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, β-lactamase production and methicillin resistance among uropathogenic S. aureus among pregnant women attending selected antenatal clinics in Ilorin. Methods: Forty-five (45) out of 79 presumptive uropathogenic S. aureus isolated over a period of 12 months from urine samples of pregnant women were identified using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiogram studies was performed using gentamicin (CN-10µg), ciprofloxacin (CIP-5µg), ofloxacin (OFX-5µg), tetracycline (TE-30µg), sulphamethaxozole-trimethoprim (SXT-25µg), ampicillin (AMP-10 µg), penicillin G (P-10 units), nitrofurantoin (F 30 µg) and cefoxitin (FOX-30 µg) for the detection of MRSA by disc diffusion method. Furthermore, detection of β - lactamase producing S. aureus (BL-PSA) was carried out using Iodometric paper strip method. Results: Of the 45 S. aureus isolates, 80% were BL-PSA, MRSA (87%), exhibiting high resistance to penicillin G (97.8%), ampicillin (95.5%), tetracycline (77.8%) and sulphamethaxozole trimethoprim (64.4%). In addition, 56% were multidrug-resistant (MDR) exhibiting 20 different phenotypes with CN-P-SXT-TE-AMP-FOX (15.6%) being the majority. Notwithstanding, S. aureus isolates showed high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (93.3%) and ofloxacin (91.1%). Conclusion: This study established an increasing resistance of S. aureus to different classes of antibiotics which emphasize the need for constant surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance trends. Routine screening for BL PSA and MRSA among uropathogenic S. aureus is also advocated in order to reduce the development and spread of MDR isolates.
  • Item
    Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of partitioned fractions of Lannea kerstingii Engl. and K. Krause (Anarcadiaceae)
    (West African Journal of Pharmacy, 2021-04-01) Njinga N.S.,; David, M. S.,; Shittu, A. O.,; Lawal, B. A.,; Bello R. H.,; Attah, F. A. U.,; Usman, S. O.,; Abdullahi A. A.,; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.
    Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global public health and requires actions like the development of new antimicrobial with significant activities over existing drugs. Objectives: This study aims at investigating the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of partitioned fractions of Lannea kerstingii. Methods: A quantitative phytochemistry of chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of L. kerstingii for total flavonoid, phenol and alkaloid were done using standard method; antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were determined using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and agar diffusion method respectively. Results: The chloroform fraction contained only alkaloid (11%) and steroids while all the other fractions contained phenolic compounds in the range 0.43 to 0.67 mg/g garlic acid. The total flavonoid content ranged from 0.43 to 0.67 mg/g of quercetin. The total flavonoid in the ethyl acetate was significantly different from that of the methanol fraction but not with the acetone fraction. The acetone fraction showed highest antioxidant activity (60.4%) at 0.05 mg/mL though not as comparable to vitamin C. The ethyl acetate showed high antimicrobial activity as it was active against most of the organisms tested upon and zone of inhibition ranged from 13±0.02 to 29±0.1 mm. The acetone fraction was active only against T. mentagrophytes while the methanol fraction showed no activity. Conclusion: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities may be due to the presence of flavonoids, as well as the presence of tannins and terpenoids present in the different fractions. This makes the ethyl acetate fraction a good source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.